中国人口迁移的区域差异与流场特征

通过2000年人口普查省际迁移数据的分析,揭示了当代中国人口迁移的区域分异性,以及不同原因的流场新模式。研究发现,中国人口迁移进入高活性、高能力的新阶段;东中西部人口迁移的不平衡性不断加剧,“中部塌陷”不仅是经济意义上的,而且也是社会意义上的;人口省际迁移的辐合流场与辐散流场在进一步发展,珠江三角洲是最大的迁移辐合中心;东北与山东的对流渐趋消失,西北取代东北成为非沿海区域新的人口引力中心;以秦岭-淮河线东段和黑河-腾冲线南段为界,人口迁移分裂为东南和西北两大“流域”。就业迁移的优势程度在进一步加大,市场取代计划成为人口和人才流动的第一动力;婚姻迁移的主流方向是西南贫困山区指向华东农村,形成了西南“喀斯特新娘输出区”。     

华南沿海老红砂的成因与红化作用

根据野外调查和室内实验分析，以及测年数据，本文讨论了华南沿海老红砂的成因、年龄与形成环境。认为老红砂是晚更新世末次冰期海岸风沙堆积，红色特征与亚间冰期的温暖古气候有关。在湿热气候下，古风成砂中含铁硅酸盐矿物氧化生成赤铁矿，而使无色石英沙粒染成红色，是其红化的主要机制。风成砂形成红色的时间不超过１万年。     

近45年华中地区不同级别强降水事件变化趋势

利用华中五省84个测站1961—2005年逐日降水资料,通过分位值法、趋势系数法、蒙特卡洛统计检验法、曼肯德尔法、小波分析等现代统计诊断方法,分析了华中地区不同级别强降水的时空变化趋势、突变和周期特征。结果表明:随着分位值减小,降水量、日数的平均值和均方差逐渐减小,变差系数逐渐增大;而强度的3项指标均逐渐增大;在空间分布上,降水量自河南向湖南和江西逐渐增大;日数自北向南逐渐增大;强度以湖北东部至江西北部的长江中下游一线以及湖南西北部局部地区为高值区;区域平均的降水量、日数和强度均呈增加趋势,但不同测站表现不同;降水量一致在1993年发生突变,呈增多趋势;日数在20世纪80年代末、90年代初发生突变;强度自1994年开始增强,21世纪后加强、减弱现象交替出现;降水量、日数和强度有12~14年的年代际变化和6~9年的短期变化。     

新一代天气雷达与强对流天气预警

简要介绍了对流风暴的分类、对流风暴的强弱和强对流天气的多普勒天气雷达识别和预警技术，以及新一代天气雷达对强对流风暴预警水平的改进。     

华北地块南部断裂体系新构造活动特征

根据野外观察、测量与分析,特别是综合华北地块南部断裂体系第四纪活动性质的构造和地貌标志,表明现今华北地块南部NWWNW向断裂活动最为显著,主要表现为左旋走滑性质;在前新生代构造基础上发育的三门峡-鲁山-舞阳断裂带和新构造期发育的新乡-商丘断裂带是具有走滑性质的新生代壳内活动断裂。地球物理资料表明,在介休-新乡-溧阳和巴东-泉州-台湾地震带西北部的深部存在两个NW向构造带,在地幔可能汇聚为一条构造带。综合这些断裂及其所控断陷盆地的展布特征,明确了该区的NE向、NW向及近EW向断裂的运动学关系。即在应力应变基底格局的制约下,两个NW向构造带强烈的左旋走滑拉分运动作用下导致华北地块南部发育拉分盆地,NW向新断裂的形成和先存NNE、NW及近EW向断裂的复活,控制了新生代复杂的断裂或断块构造格局的形成。     

Hydrothermal Mineralization on the Mesoproterozoic Passive Continental Margins of China： A Case Study of the Langshan-Zha＇ertaishan Belt, Inner Mongolia, China

Most ore-forming characteristics of the Langshan-Zha‘ertaishan hydrothermal exhalation belt, which consists of the Dongshengmiao, Huogeqi, Tanyaokou and Jiashengpan large-superlarge Zn-Pb-Cu-Fe sulfide deposits, are most similar to those of Mesoproterozoic SEDEX-type provinces of the world. The characteristics include: (1) All deposits of this type in the belt occur in third-order fault-basins in the Langshan-Zha‘ertaishan aulacogen along the northern margin of the North China Platform; (2) these deposits with all their orebodies hosted in the Mesoproterozoic impure dolomite-marble and carbonaceous phyllite (or schists) have an apparent stratabound nature; ores display laminated and banded structures, showing clear depositional features; (3) there is some evidence of syn-sedimentary faulting, which to a certain extent accounts for the temporal and spatial distribution and the size of the orebodies in all deposits and the formation of intrabed conglomerates and breccias; (4) they show lateral and vertical zonation of sulfides; (5) The Cu/(Pb Zn Cu) ratio of the large and thick Pb Zn Cu orebodies gradually decreases from bottom to top; and (6) barite is interbedded with pyrites and sometimes with sphalerite. However, some characteristics such as the Co/Ni radio of the pyrites, the volcanism, for example, of the Langshan-Zha‘ertalshan metallogenic belt, are different from those of the typical SEDEX deposits of the world. The meta-basic volcanic rock in Huogeqi, the sodic bimodal volcanic rocks in the Dongshengmiao and potassic bimodal-volcanic rocks with blastoporphyfitic and blasto-glomeroporphyritic texture as well as blasto-amygdaloidal structure in the Tanyaokou deposits have been discovered in the only ore-bearing second formation of the Langshan Group in the past 10 years. The metallogeny of some deposits hosted in the Langshan Group is closely related to syn-sedimentary volcanism based on the following facts: most of the lead isotopes in sphalerite, galena, pyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite plot on both sides of the line for the mantle or between the lines for the mantle and lower crust in the lead isotope composition diagram; cobalt content of some pyrites samples is much higher than the nickel content (Co/Ni= 11.91-12.19). Some volcanic blocks and debris have been picked out from some pyritic and pyrrhotitic ores. All Zn-Pb-Cu-Fe sulfide orebodies in these deposits occur in the strata overlying metamorphic volcanic rocks in the only ore-bearing second formation. In the Jiashengpan deposit that lacks syn-sedimentary volcanic rocks in the host succession only Pb and Zn ores occur without Cu ore, but in the Dongshengmiao, Tanyaokou and Huogeqi deposits with syn-sedimentary volcanic rocks in the host succession Cu ores occur. This indicates a relatively higher ore-forming temperature. The process of synsedimentary volcanic eruption directly supplied some ore-forming elements, and resulted in secular geothermal anomaly favorable for the circulation of a submarine convective hydrothermal system, which accounts for the precipitation of deep mineralizing fluids exhaling into anoxidic basins along the syn-sedimentary fault system in the Langshan-Zha‘ertai rift. The Dongshengmiao, Tanyaokou, and Huogeqi deposits hosted in the Langshan Group appear to be a transitional type of mineral deposit between SEDEX and VMS-types but with a bias towards SEDEX, while the Jiashengpan deposit hosted in the Zha‘ertai Group is of a characteristic SEDEX type. This evidence, together with other new discoveries of Mesoproterozoic volcanic rocks and the features of lithogeny and metallogeny of the Bayun Obo deposit in the neighborhood emphasize the diversity, complexity and uniqueness of the Mesoproterozoic Langshan-Zha‘ertal-Bayun Obo ore belt.     

中南半岛影响南海夏季风建立和维持的数值研究

利用美国大气研究中心研制的第三代公共气候模式(CCM3)模拟了中南半岛对南海夏季风的建立和维持的影响,数值试验结果表明,中南半岛对南海夏季风的建立和维持起了非常重要的作用.同时还就中南半岛影响南海夏季风建立和维持的机制进行了讨论.     

城市化对华北地区最高, 最低气温和日较差变化趋势的影响

利用华北地区255个一般站和国家基本、 基准站1961\_2000年的实测资料, 经过质量检验和均一性订正后, 将所有台站根据人口和台站地理位置分为5个类别, 分析了这5个类别台站和国家基本、 基准站地面平均气温、 最高、 最低气温的年和季节变化趋势以及城市化影响。结果表明： 华北全部台站的年平均气温、 最高、 最低气温均呈增加趋势, 且以最低气温上升最为明显, 导致年平均日较差呈现明显下降。就城市化影响而言, 平均气温、 最低气温变化趋势中城市热岛效应加强因素的影响明显, 但城市化对最高气温趋势影响微弱, 个别台站和季节甚至可能造成降温。在国家基本、 基准站观测的年平均气温和年平均最低气温上升趋势中, 城市化造成的增温分别为0.11℃·(10a)-1和0.20℃·(10a)-1, 对全部增温的贡献率分别达39.3%和52.6%。各类台站的四季平均气温和最低气温序列中城市化影响均造成增温。城市化增温以冬季为最大, 夏季最小。城市化还导致乡村站以外的各类台站日较差减小, 近40年华北地区国家基本、 基准站年平均和秋、 冬季平均气温日较差明显下降均由城市化影响造成的。     

30ka以来南海东北部陆坡坡底沉积有机质的长链正构烷烃特征及其古植被意义

为探寻南海深海平原区的有机质组成特征、来源及其所反映的古气候/环境演化信息, 对南海东北部深水区的ZSQD289沉积柱状样品进行了正构烷烃组成及其单体稳定碳同位素的相关分析, 结合孢粉鉴定结果, 重点探讨该沉积区末次冰期以来陆源输入变化、源区的古植被演化及其气候响应因素。结果表明:30ka以来, 南海东北部深海陆坡坡底的沉积有机质以洋/陆混源为特征, 且以海洋自生生产力贡献为主, 其生源贡献存在明显的冰期/间冰期旋回变化特征, 冰期时陆源有机质输入明显高于全新世间冰期; 其陆源有机质应该主要由台湾南部河流输入, 在低海平面时通过海底峡谷搬运至此, 其过程中可能受到西太平洋底流和黑潮的影响。该沉积源区植被演化经历了C3/C4植物互为消长的变化过程, 但30ka以来主要还是以C3植物占优势, 由此推测末次冰期以来源区(台湾岛南部)不存在明显的干旱化, 冰期虽然温度较低但气候比较湿润。     

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH WIND DISTRIBUTION IN CHINA'S COASTAL REGION AND THEIR CAUSES

This work investigates the distribution of high winds above Beaufort scale 6 in the offshore zones of China using high-resolution satellite measurements.A numerical experiment is carried out in order to find out the effects of Taiwan Island on the formation of strong winds.The analysis indicates that the distribution of high wind occurrence is similar to that of the average wind velocity in winter.High winds tend to be anchored in special topographical regions,such as the Taiwan Strait,the Bashi Channel and the southeast coast of Vietnam.High winds occur much more frequently over the warmer than the colder flank of Kuroshio front as it meanders from Taiwan to Japan.The frequency of high winds decreases drastically in spring.The Taiwan Strait maintains the largest high wind occurrence.Besides,high winds remain frequent in the Bashi Channel,the southeast tip of Taiwan Island and the warmer flank of Kuroshio front.In summer,high winds generally occur infrequently except over a broad region off the southeast coast of Vietnam near 10°N and the frequency there decreases from southwest to northeast.High winds around Taiwan Island present near axisymmetric distribution with larger frequency along southeast-northwest direction and smaller frequency along southwest-northeast direction.The dominant direction of high winds exhibits a counterclockwise circulation surrounding the island.The frequency of high winds increases rapidly in autumn and almost repeats the distribution that appears in winter.The simulation results suggest that the effects of Taiwan Island topography on high winds vary with seasons.In winter,topography is the major cause of high winds in the surrounding oceanic zones.High winds in both Taiwan Strait and the southeast corner of the island disappear and the frequency decreases gradually from south to north when the terrain is removed.However,in summer,high wind frequency derived from two simulations with and without terrain is almost identical.We attribute this phenomenon to the factors which are responsible for the formation of high winds.