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21.
石油中饱合烃类的喇曼特征 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文试通过一些饱合烃类标样的喇曼分析,总结出石油中饱和烷烃组分的最大喇曼特征是在2700~2970 cm-1区域有一系列强烈的喇曼效应,有三种情况:1)直链烷烃类是以—CH3链基对称喇曼效应(约2872 cm-1)最强;2)带异构骨架链烷烃类是以—CH链基喇曼效应(约2911 cm-1)最强;3)环烷烃类是以—CH2链基对称喇曼效应(约2857 cm-1)最强。另外异构骨架在748 cm-1处有一强的喇曼效应,烷烃环基在804 cm-1处有一个强的喇曼效应。并发现不同的烃或烃混合物,若结构基团相同,喇曼谱图也相同;在混合烃组分(或烃类包裹体)的喇曼谱图中2905~2921 cm-1间喇曼峰应是—CH基团,而不能单作甲烷存在的证据。 相似文献
22.
This paper examines those aspects of reflection seismology which require special consideration when imaging deeper hydrocarbon reservoirs, including the constraints imposed by vertical resolution, lateral resolution, and velocity analysis. We derive quantitative expressions relating the uncertainties in stacking velocities and in interval velocities derived from stacking velocities to acquisition parameters, as well as expressions for the lateral resolution which can theoretically be achieved for migrated seismic images. This analysis shows that the most significant limitations of seismic imaging at depth involve the finite lateral resolution of the seismic method, and the proper lateral positioning of seismic images. These difficulties are overcome in large measure through the proper migration of a seismic dataset, which becomes more critical as deeper horizons are imaged. If these horizons are suspected of having significant 3-D structure, a strong argument may be made for acquiring a 3-D seismic survey over the prospect. Migration of this dataset will then generate an image of the subsurface with good lateral resolution in both the X and Y directions. 相似文献
23.
The concentration of solvent-extractable (SE) and bound hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, sterols, monocarboxylic acids, hydroxyacids and α,ω-dicarboxylic acids of a surface sample (0–2.5 cm) from a recent carbonate tropical sediment taken at 60ft (18m) depth north-west of the Low Isles, North Queensland, are reported in detail. n-Alkanes are a minor constituent in the SE and bound hydrocarbon fractions with the major component being unresolved complex hydrocarbon material which is not an anthropogenic input. 6,10,14-Trimethylpentadecan-2-one derived from chlorophyll, as well as phytol, were identified as major components of the ketone and alcohol constituents. No chlorophyll pigments or pigmented degradation products were present, implying degradation before incorporation into the sediment. This conclusion is consistent with evidence for higher-plant input in which all sensitive lipids have been degraded before incorporation. SE and bound fractions have been studied in detail and show considerable differences probably arising from the importance of viable biomass in the SE fraction. Inputs to the sediment are determined as higher plants, algae, bacteria, fungi and meiofauna in descending order of importance. 相似文献
24.
Immature Torbanite and the resistant biopolymer (PRB A) isolated from extant B. braunii were previously compared using bulk spectroscopic methods. In the present work, analysis of 400°C pyrolysis products and pyrolysis residues provided further information on their structure and possible relationships. It appears that such polymers are based upon unbranched, saturated, cross-linked hydrocarbon chains up to C31. In addition to these bridging structures, a substantial part of the alkyl chains is singly bound, as esters of unbranched, saturated or cis unsaturated, even fatty acids. These esters are sterically protected, against chemical degradations, by the network of the bioand geopolymer.Quantitative and qualitative observations derived from 400°C pyrolysis confirm that the chemical structure of PRB A and immature Torbanite are closely related. The pyrolysis residues show a similar evolution and numerous common features are noted, with respect to the nature and the distribution of the major constituents of the pyrolysates (hydrocarbons and fatty acids). Accordingly, Botryococcus provides what seems to be the first example of a close structural relationship between a biopolymer produced in large amounts by an extant alga and the geopolymer of an immature kerogen. The essential role of PRB A in Torbanite formation is ascertained. Moreover, it is found that the resistant biopolymer does not undergo important structural changes during the first stages of diagenesis. Thus, owing to steric protection, the esters of immature Torbanite show a distribution quite close to the one of PRB A esters, with exclusively even constituents and a large contribution of unsaturated acids.Recent observations pointed to the possible genesis of some algal kerogens principally by selective preservation of resistant macromolecules. Such a type of formation is clearly predominant in Torbanite, where the bulk of the fossil organic matter corresponds to a selectively preserved and weakly altered, resistant biopolymer, while incorporation of lipids into the kerogen structure during diagenesis seems to play a minor role. 相似文献
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26.
Hydrocarbons in surface sediments from the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary, East China Sea 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Sedimentary aliphatic (AH) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied in the Changjiang Estuary and the adjacent East China Sea. Total AH ranged from 2.20 to 11.82 μg g−1 and consisted of n-alkanes and a dominant petroleum-related unresolved complex mixture (UCM). Within the n-alkanes, terrestrial plant wax compounds prevailed at nearly all stations. Of the PAHs, biogenic perylene dominated at stations receiving riverine inputs. Anthropogenic PAHs originating from combustion/pyrolysis processes varied from 17 to 157 ng g−1, while fossil PAH concentrations ranged from 42 to 187 ng g−1. Both biogenic and anthropogenic hydrocarbons are primarily derived from riverine discharges and accumulate at shallow-water stations. Distinct phase associations lead, nevertheless, to different sedimentation patterns. Fossil PAHs are enhanced at offshore stations where they are introduced directly by shipping activities. Biomarker fingerprints ascribe their source to Chinese crude oils. The overall levels of anthropogenic hydrocarbons are low compared to relevant areas worldwide and reveal a low/moderate level of hydrocarbon pollution. 相似文献
27.
沉积有机质激光热裂解色谱质谱探针分析技术的尝试及其前景探讨 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
激光热裂解-色谱-质谱分析方法具有从技术层面上融合分子地球化学方法和有机岩石学方法的潜能。通过抚顺煤镜质组分和树脂体的研究实例,介绍了激光热裂解-色谱-质谱探针分析的基本原理及测试方法。抚顺煤显微组分的微区热裂解产物特征中,镜质组和树脂体热解产物的正烷烃、烷基萘和四氢化萘的总体面貌相似,但树脂体中正烷烃含量较低,而烷基四氢化萘明显较高,这可能反映显微组分形成过程中发生过低分子烃类在各显微组分之间的混合作用。除此之外,还把激光热裂解-色谱-质谱探针技术与传统的分子地球化学方法、有机岩石学方法进行比较。探讨了激光热裂解-色谱-质谱探针技术的应用前景以及尚待解决的技术问题。落射到样品表面的激光束能量(温度)和控制和激光辐射时间的,激光束斑大小、热解产物量、色谱-质谱检验灵敏度极限三者关系等,都是限制新技术应用的技术问题。 相似文献
28.
The US Minerals Management Service (MMS) is responsible for safe and environmentally sound management of offshore oil and gas resources. In recent years, there has been a tremendous increase in both activities and plans for deepwater development of these resources in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). As the industry meets the enormous technical challenges involved, there is a concomitant effort to assure environmental protection of deep-ocean and coastal resources. This paper will outline the research planning and program currently underway to assess impacts, identify potential problems, and discover more about unknown resources of the deep ocean. 相似文献
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30.
Palynomorphs recovered from core and cuttings samples from five boreholes in the East Baghdad Oilfield indicate a mid Albian–early Cenomanian age-range for the Nahr Umr Formation and the lower part of the overlying Mauddud Formation. Two palynomorph zones and four types of palynofacies have been identified. The latter are interpreted to indicate delta-top swamp and marsh, silty–muddy deltaic, inner silty and carbonate-rich platform, and limestone-platform environments. The palynofacies of the two types of platform accumulations suggest that these are potential sources of biogenic methane and condensates, and may yield more liquid hydrocarbons in areas where the formations are at greater depths than within the region studied. 相似文献