Screening of Mercury and Persistent Organochlorine Pollutants in Long-Finned Pilot Whale (Globicephala melas) in the Faroe Islands

Results of mercury and organochlorine analyses in pooled muscle and blubber samples representing in all 417 long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) sampled in 1997 in the Faroe Islands are presented. The 28 pooled muscle samples from (in all) 9 pods were analysed for total mercury and the same number of pooled blubber samples were analysed for PCB (IUPAC CBs no. 28, 52, 99, 101, 105, 118, 128, 138, 153, 170, 180, 183 and 187), p,p′-DDT and metabolites and o,p′-DDT and metabolites, cis () and trans (γ)-chlordane, cis- and trans-nonachlor, oxychlordane, mirex, hexachlorobenzene, β-HCH and toxaphene (Parlars no. 26 (T2), 32, 50 (T12), 62 (T20) and 69.     

从波动观点看塔北地区油气藏的形成演化：以英买7油藏为例

本文运用沉积波动过程分析方法,在综合分析野外露头、岩心、录井、测井、地震等资料的基础上,建立了塔北地区不同小区的岩性－时间剖面。研究表明,７４０￣７６０Ｍａ、２００￣２４０Ｍａ、１００￣１１０Ｍａ、６０￣７０Ｍａ、３０Ｍａ是控制塔北地区构造演化的主要周期。早古生代、三叠纪和第三纪以来是３次主要的沉积高峰,志留纪末－晚泥盆世早期为主要肃蚀期,肃蚀量一般〉１０００ｍ,北部〉１５００￣２０００ｍ,海西期     

Petroleum inclusions and residual oils: constraints for deciphering petroleum migration

The analysis of petroleum inclusions (PI) in parallel to residual oils (=bitumens) provided specific constraints for petroleum migration processes in the Prague Basin. Whereas organic geochemical information from bitumens is limited due to alteration, additional high quality information was obtained from C_1–14-range compounds inside crystals. This was obtained by the application of a closed system for the decrepitation and thermal extraction of PI with subsequent gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The resulting data not only show pristine live oils, gases, residual and precipitated bitumens and a broad variation of mixtures of the groups above, but also show that gas migration and fractionation processes played a major role in the Prague Basin.     

Influences of the Basin Brines on Hydrocarbons of the Anthracosia Shales from Southwestern Poland

Previous studies have shown that the oxidizing brines from the Early Permian Rotliegende sequence have influences on the organic matter of Kupferschiefer. However, inside the Rotliegende sequence there are two other black shales: the Lower and Upper Antracosia shales, which have not been studied as much in detail as in Kupferschiefer. In the present study 12 samples from the Lower and Upper Antracosia shales were analyzed by organic geochemical methods in order to clarify the influences of the oxidizing brines on organic matter. The results indicate that the organic matter of the samples from the Upper Antracosia shale and the bottom of the Lower Antracosia shale was oxidized under the influences of the oxidizing brines. The oxidation resulted in a depletion of saturated hydrocarbons and the alky Is of the aromatic compounds.     

Marine organic geochemistry of the Eastern Mediterranean: 1. Aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons in Cretan Sea surficial sediments

As part of a lipid biogeochemical study, aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons were determined in surficial sediments from the Cretan Sea (South Aegean Sea) in the Eastern Mediterranean. Total concentrations of both aliphatic (AHC) and polyaromatic (PAH) hydrocarbons were low (562–5697 and 14.6–158.5 ng/g, respectively) with respect to other coastal sediments worldwide and compare with concentrations found in open sea areas. The composition of AHC was dominated by unresolved complex mixture (UCM) indicating the presence of petroleum-related hydrocarbon inputs as confirmed by the detection of specific α,β-hopanes. PAH consisted mainly of pyrolytic four- to five-ring compounds. UCM and PAH amounts revealed that Cretan Sea receives low supply of anthropogenic material compared to NW Mediterranean. The spatial distributions of AHC and PAH indicated that urban run-off and transport from the continental self are the major input pathway of anthropogenic and biogenic hydrocarbons from terrestrial sources in the near shore area, whereas atmospheric transport might be the significant source of hydrocarbons in the deep area.     

柴达木盆地北缘中侏罗统石门沟组煤中多环芳烃分布特征及其地质意义

多环芳烃(PAHs)是古环境、古野火以及古气候的重要地质记录,本文通过气相色谱质谱法(GC- MS)研究了柴达木盆地北缘中侏罗统石门沟组煤中多环芳烃分布特征,检测出一系列二环至七环芳烃化合物,包括高等植物衍生多环芳烃(卡达烯、6- 异丙基- 1- 异己基- 2- 甲基萘、惹烯、西蒙内利烯以及二氢惹烯)和燃烧衍生多环芳烃(荧蒽、芘、苯并\[a\]蒽、、苯并荧蒽、苯并\[e\]芘、苯并\[a\]芘、茚并\[cd\]芘、苯并\[ghi\]苝和晕苯)等。这些多环芳烃的检出表明石门沟组煤沉积于具有显著陆源高等植物输入的微咸水湖沼环境,成熟度较低(平均随机反射率为056%)。石门沟组煤中高等植物衍生多环芳烃以极高的惹烯含量为特征,且存在较高丰度的西蒙内利烯和二氢惹烯,卡达烯丰度极低,反映出成煤期陆地植被类型以松柏类植物的针叶林为主,气候温暖湿润。同时,煤中丰富的燃烧衍生多环芳烃证实了柴达木盆地北缘中侏罗世存在广泛的陆地古野火,较高的大气氧气浓度(256%)可能是该时期野火频发的一个重要诱因。本次研究为柴达木盆地中侏罗世古野火事件的研究提供了重要的分子化石证据,也是对中侏罗世古环境和古气候研究的有益补充。     

南海北部近海柱状沉积物多环芳烃组成及来源分析

【目的】研究南海北部近海区域柱状沉积物多环芳烃组成及分布特征,讨论全新世早期火历史及气候变化。【方法】利用AMS ¹⁴C定年技术结合有机地球化学分析手段对全新世早期南海北部近海沉积物柱状样品中多环芳烃(PAHs)分布特征进行研究。【结果】南海北部近海沉积物中16种PAHs总浓度范围为8.58~17.48 ng/g,在约10000 a B.P.的全新世早期呈现先增大后减小波动变化,与TOC变化基本同步。【结论】沉积物中多环芳烃主要来源于南海北部近海陆源区域自然火灾产生的焦炭残渣。PAHs的沉积浓度变化间接指示了全新世早期东亚季风的强度变化。     

Large-scale oil-in-ice experiment in the Barents Sea: monitoring of oil in water and MetOcean interactions

A large-scale field experiment took place in the marginal ice zone in the Barents Sea in May 2009. Fresh oil (7000 L) was released uncontained between the ice floes to study oil weathering and spreading in ice and surface water. A detailed monitoring of oil-in-water and ice interactions was performed throughout the six-day experiment. In addition, meteorological and oceanographic data were recorded for monitoring of the wind speed and direction, air temperature, currents and ice floe movements. The monitoring showed low concentrations of dissolved hydrocarbons and the predicted acute toxicity indicated that the acute toxicity was low. The ice field drifted nearly 80 km during the experimental period, and although the oil drifted with the ice, it remained contained between the ice floes.     

The lithology and organic geochemistry of the Vendian deposits in the cis-Yenisei subprovince (from the results of the well Vostok-3)

We have studied for the first time the organic geochemistry of the Vendian thick section stripped by the parametric well Vostok-3 in the depth range 5002–3870 m in southeastern West Siberia. The results point to the aquagene–plankton–derived and bacterial nature of the buried organic matter (OM). At some depth levels, the deposits are enriched in OM (up to 0.7–9.6%). The study of kerogens has shown that the OM is transformed to the apocatagenesis stage. The composition of biomarker hydrocarbons in bitumens has been studied, and the geochemical criteria for the petroleum presence prediction are considered.     

Assessment of lysosomal membrane stability and peroxisome proliferation in the head kidney of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) following long-term exposure to produced water components

There is a need for sensitive biological effect methods by which to detect impacts of chronic exposure to low concentrations of contaminants. Two methods shown to be potentially useful for monitoring purposes in fish include lysosomal membrane stability and peroxisome proliferation. These biological endpoints were assessed in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) head kidney following exposure to a mixture of produced water components including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenol, and alkylphenols. Lysosomal damage of head kidney cells occurred within the first two weeks and did not recover during the entire exposure period (32 weeks). Lysosomal membrane stability was not affected by gender and was responsive at low concentrations of contamination, indicating that lysosomal membrane stability measured in the head kidney could be a useful biomarker for effects of offshore pollution. Peroxisome proliferation, measured as acyl-CoA oxidase activity in the head kidney, appeared to be a potential biomarker in male cod exposed less than 16 weeks.