菲律宾北甘马仁省拉惹普(Larap) 铁铜钼矿床地质特征及成因

拉惹普( Larap) 铁、铜钼矿床产于菲律宾板块俯冲吕宋岛被动陆缘的岛弧造山带上,处于菲律宾中央走滑断裂带近旁。含矿层位于古近纪渐新世晚期蚀变安山岩、角砾岩和古新统的角岩、角岩化页岩的喷溢角度不整合面的追踪断裂带上。大面积的安山岩、角砾岩的褪色化和带状展布的灰绿色热液交代蚀变岩系,矿体产于蚀变带中,呈似层状、透镜状; 铁矿体在上部层位,铜钼矿体在铁矿体下部,与贫磁铁矿相伴产出; 铁矿体伴生铜、钼,铜钼矿体又伴生铁、金、银和钴等,矿石中的金属矿物以磁铁矿为主,其次有黄铁矿、黄铜矿、辉钼矿、磁黄铁矿、沥青铀矿和自然金等。元素组合除铁、铜、钼外,还有金、银、钴和铀等,与奥林匹克坝、Candelaria ( 智利) 的氧化铁型( IOCG) 铜金矿床类比,拉惹普矿床成因属于氧化铁型铜钼金矿床新类型。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定稀土矿石中的三氧化二铝

铝是稀土矿石常检的杂质元素,目前采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)基体匹配校正模式测定矿石中的铝量,对基体中铝的空白及基体量有一定的要求;且稀土矿石的品种很多,铝在其中的存在形式也较复杂,简单的酸溶很难彻底地将铝转入溶液中进行准确测定.本文采用碱熔法处理样品,滤液酸化后用ICP-AES测定稀土矿石中的Al2O3.通过共存元素干扰实验发现样品中的稀土元素及钍对铝的测定产生严重的光谱干扰,提出预先以碱分离除去消除干扰,有效地降低了检测下限:采用基体校正模式,消除了盐分对测定的影响.方法检出限为0.021～0.035 mg/g,测定范围为0.50％ ～ 8.00％,精密度(RSD)＜7.1％.对不同含量的样品进行分析,测定值与化学容量法测定结果基本相符.该方法具有测定含量范围宽、分析速度快、结果准确等优点.     

Review on researchesof nitrous oxide inthe Southern Oceanand relative new technologies

Nitrous oxide is an important greenhouse gas,which has a long lifetime of about 120 years and has a 310 times greenhouse effect than CO₂. Since the industrial revolution, the atmospheric N₂O concentration has increased significantly by 20%. Ocean is a net source, about 1/3 of total oceanic souce. Southern Ocean is an important part of the global ocean system, has a unique hydrological characteristics. So far it is regarded as a significant natural source to the global N₂O flux according to the model studies. However,the field work is very limit, due to the fierce in situ conditions. The importance of N₂O reseaches of Southern Ocean, progresses of nitrous oxide researches, especially new technologies applied to underway N₂O measurements in the Southern Ocean are reviewed. The advance of field, model studies and their problems or uncertainties that need to be resolved are also discussed. The using of stable isotope methods will provide powerful tools for marine N₂O mechanism. Development of high precision monitoring technology is generally the driving force of future research. Developing techniques of laser spectroscopy in marine N₂O studies and measurment of N₂O in sea ice will provide powerful tools to differeciate the N₂O source sink characteristic, constrain their budget and formation mechanism in region such as Southern Ocean.     

Geology of the Gushan iron oxide deposit associated with dioritic porphyries,eastern Yangtze craton,SE China

The major Gushan iron oxide deposit, typical of the Middle‐Lower Yangtze River Valley, is located in the eastern Yangtze craton. Such deposits are generally considered to be genetically related to Yanshanian subvolcanic‐volcanic rocks and are temporally‐spatially associated with ca. 129.3–137.5 Ma dioritic porphyries. The latter have a very narrow ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr range of 0.7064 to 0.7066 and low ?_Nd(t) values of ?5.8 to ?5.7, suggesting that the porphyries were produced by mantle‐derived magmas that were crustally contaminated during magma ascent. The ore bodies occur mainly along the contact zone between dioritic porphyries and the sedimentary country rocks. The most important ore types are massive and brecciated ores which together make up 90 vol.‐% of the deposit. The massive type generally occurs as large veins consisting predominantly of magnetite (hematite) with minor apatite. The brecciated type is characterized by angular fragments of wall‐rocks that are cemented by fine‐grained magnetite. Stockwork iron ores occur as irregular veins and networks, especially with pectinate structure; they are composed of low‐temperature minerals (e.g. calcite), which indicate a hydrothermal process. The similar rare earth element patterns of apatite from the massive ores, brecciated ores and the porphyries, coupled with high‐temperature fluids (1000°C) suggest that they are magmatic in origin. Furthermore, melt flow structure commonly developed in massive ores and the absence of silicate minerals and cumulate textures suggest that the iron ores formed by the separation of an immiscible oxide melt from the silicate melt rather than by crystal fractionation. Combined with theoretical and experimental studies, we propose that the introduction of phosphorus due to crustal contamination during mantle‐derived magma ascent could have been a crucial factor that led to the formation of an immiscible oxide melt from the silicate magma.     

内蒙古中东部草原景观区多金属矿地球化学勘查方法对比研究

内蒙古中东部草原景观区成矿地质条件有利,但由于风成砂等的覆盖,导致常规地球化学勘查在该地区找矿中受到限制。在内蒙古东乌旗1017高地进行了土壤热磁组分测量、土壤细粒级组分测量和铁锰氧化物态测量方法的对比试验,结果表明,3种方法均能有效地圈出地球化学异常,而且3种方法圈定的异常吻合程度很好。相比较而言,土壤热磁组分测量能够显著提高异常强度,有利于发现微弱的地球化学异常信息,显示出该方法在草原景观区良好的应用前景。     

氧化铁对有机质光谱特性的影响分析

通过分析湖南、浙江和福建三省不同氧化铁和有机质含量共253个土样的光谱数据,研究了氧化铁对有机质光谱特征及定量反演的影响。结果表明：氧化铁的光谱特征波段为600—1400 nm;氧化铁含量小于20 g/kg时对有机质的光谱信息没有影响,含量在20—30 g/kg时,对有机质可见光波段光谱信息的表现有影响,近红外波段的影响不大,含量大于30 g/kg时,氧化铁会掩盖有机质的光谱信息;氧化铁与有机质的比值小于0.726时对有机质的光谱信息没有影响,比值为1.05—2时,对有机质400—1300 nm波段光谱信息的表现有影响,1300—2400 nm波段的影响不大,比值大于2.21时,氧化铁会完全掩盖有机质的光谱信息;氧化铁对有机质的光谱定量反演有影响,随氧化铁含量的增加或氧化铁含量与有机质含量比值的增大,模型的稳定性与预测能力有所降低,但氧化铁含量小于20 g/kg、氧化铁含量与有机质含量比值小于2.0时,氧化铁的影响不明显。     

Expression of nitric oxide synthase in the developing eye of Ze-brafish Danio rerio

1 INTRODUCTION Nitric oxide (NO), a highly free radical gas, is recently discovered as messenger molecule involved in different cellular and developmental events including cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis as well as neural pathfinding and synapse formation. NO is synthesized from amino acid L-arginine by catalytic action of a family of isoen-zymes called nitric oxide synthases (NOS) (Palmer, 1988). NOS require nicotinamide adenine dinucleo-tide phosphate (NADPH) as a…     

Mixed messages in iron oxide–copper–gold systems of the Cloncurry district,Australia: insights from PIXE analysis of halogens and copper in fluid inclusions

Proterozoic rocks of the Cloncurry district in NW Queensland, Australia, are host to giant (tens to hundreds of square kilometers) hydrothermal systems that include (1) barren regional sodic–calcic alteration, (2) granite-hosted hydrothermal complexes with magmatic–hydrothermal transition features, and (3) iron oxide–copper–gold (IOCG) deposits. Fluid inclusion microthermometry and proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) show that IOCG deposits and the granite-hosted hydrothermal complexes contain abundant high temperature, ultrasaline, complex multisolid (type 1) inclusions that are less common in the regional sodic–calcic alteration. The latter is characterized by lower salinity three-phase halite-bearing (type 2) and two-phase (type 3) aqueous inclusions. Copper contents of the type 1 inclusions (>300 ppm) is higher than in type 2 and 3 inclusions (<300 ppm), and the highest copper concentrations (>1,000 ppm) are found both in the granite-hosted systems and in inclusions with Br/Cl ratios that are consistent with a magmatic source. The Br/Cl ratios of the inclusions with lower Cu contents are consistent with an evaporite-related origin. Wide ranges in salinity and homogenization temperatures for fluid inclusions in IOCG deposits and evidence for multiple fluid sources, as suggested by halogen ratios, indicate fluid mixing as an important process in IOCG genesis. The data support both leaching of Cu by voluminous nonmagmatic fluids from crustal rocks, as well as the direct exsolution of Cu-rich fluids from magmas. However, larger IOCG deposits may form from magmatic-derived fluids based on their higher Cu content.     

Simulating estuarine nitrous oxide production by means of a dynamic model

We describe a dynamic model developed from a commercially available modeling package (ECoS-III) to simulate estuarine dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) dynamics, and consequent N(2)O production and atmospheric flux on the timescale of tidal cycles. Simulated model state variables were NH(4)(+), NO(3)(-) and N(2)O concentrations, and salinity. Model outputs were evaluated through comparison with summer field data for the Tyne estuary, UK. The model adequately reproduced the observed axial profiles of NH(4)(+), NO(3)(-) and N(2)O concentrations. Nitrification was shown to be the dominant N(2)O source and estimates of the ratios nitrification to DIN load and N(2)O emission to DIN load are considerably lower than the corresponding values adopted in global scale models of estuarine N(2)O emissions based on DIN transformations. Hence our results are consistent with the requirement imposed by atmospheric N(2)O growth rate constraints that the amount of atmospheric N(2)O arising from agriculturally related sources, including estuarine transformations of N, be revised downward.     

Intracellular and extracellular mineralization of a microbial community in the Edmond deep-sea vent field environment

Microbial biomineralization in submarine hydrothermal environments provides an insight into the formation of vent microfossils and the interactions between microbes, elements and minerals throughout the geological record. Here, we investigate microbial biomineralization of a deep-sea vent community in the Edmond vent field and provide ultrastructural evidence for the formation of microfossils and biogenic iron-rich minerals related to Archaea and Bacteria. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) analysis shows that filamentous and spiral microbes are encrusted by a non-crystalline silica matrix and minor amounts of iron oxides. Examination by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals acicular iron-rich particles and aggregates that occur either intracellularly or extracellularly. A culture-independent molecular phylogenetic analysis demonstrates a diverse range of Bacteria and Archaea, the majority of which are related to sulfur metabolism in the microbial mats. Both Archaea and Bacteria have undergone silicification, in a similar manner to microorganisms in some terrestrial hot springs and indicating that silicification may be driven by silica supersaturation and polymerization. Formation mechanisms of intracellular and extracellular iron oxides associated with microbes are discussed. These results enhance our understanding of microbial mineralization in extreme environments, which may be widespread in the Earth's modern and ancient hydrothermal vent fields.