Effect of water stress on ecosystem photosynthesis and respiration of a Leymus chinensis steppe in Inner Mongolia

Many studies on global climate have forecast major changes in the amounts and spatial patterns of precipitation that may significantly affect temperate grasslands in arid and semi-arid regions. As a part of ChinaFLUX, eddy covariance flux measurements were made at a semi-arid Leymus chinensis steppe in Inner Mongolia, China during 2003-2004 to quantify the response of carbon exchange to environmental changes. Results showed that gross ecosystem production (FGEP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco) of the steppe were significantly depressed by water stress due to lack of precipitation during the growing season. Temperature was the dominant factor affecting FGEP and Reco in 2003, whereas soil moisture imposed a significant influence on both Reco and FGEP in 2004. Under wet conditions, Reco showed an exponentially increasing trend with temperature (Q10 = 2.0), but an apparent reduction in the value of Reco and its temperature sensitivity were observed during the periods of water stress (Q10=1.6). Both heat and water stress can cause decrease in FGEP. The sea-sonality of ecosystem carbon exchange was strongly correlated with the variation of precipitation. With less precipitation in 2003, the steppe sequestrated carbon in June and July, and went into a senescence in early August due to water stress. As compared to 2003, the severe drought during the spring of 2004 delayed the growth of the steppe until late June, and the steppe became a CO2 sink from early July until mid-September, with ample precipitation in August. The semi-arid steppe released a total of 9.7 g C·m-2 from May 16 to the end of September 2003, whereas the net carbon budget during the same period in 2004 was close to zero. Long-term measurements over various grasslands are needed to quantify carbon balance in temperate grasslands.     

辽宁深井承压水位潮汐响应函数的初步研究

介绍了辽宁省地震水动态监测网19口井固体潮汐响应函数的计算结果,基于M2波潮汐因子及其月离散相对误差,分析了各观测井潮汐响应函数对地壳应变的响应灵敏度、潮汐因子的动态稳定性和监测效能。结果表明:在所列19口观测井中,如果以M2波潮汐因子0.2m/10-9作为潮汐响应幅值的下限,则除甘沟子以外的18口井可用于潮汐响应函数的研究;如果以M2波潮汐因子的月离散相对误差20%作为选择观测井的上限,则除瓦房店楼房井、岫岩1井、周家井、丹东变电所井、牛四井、容2井和阜新市甘沟子等井以外的12口井可用于潮汐参数的动态特征研究。     

太阳高度角和日出日落时刻太阳方位角一年变化范围的计算

介绍了太阳位置的确定方法，并通过计算给出了全省气象观测台站的日出、日落方向的太阳方位角变化结果以及每个台站一年中正午时刻太阳高度角变化范围。     

数字航空影像辐射信息精处理问题的探讨

在分析数字航空影像辐射信息的基础上,针对数字航空像片的特点,探讨对数字航空影像进行匀光和匀色处理的技术方法,以及实现批量化处理的方法研究。     

Surface oscillations — A possible source of fracture induced electromagnetic radiation

Radio frequency electromagnetic radiation (EMR) registered hundreds of kilometres away from an earthquake epicentre is detected hours before earthquakes. Yet, accurate earthquakes prediction by their self-induced EMR still remains in its infancy due in part to the lack of understanding of EMR's origin. Here we present a viable model of this origin, according to which EMR is emitted by an oscillating dipole created by ions moving collectively as a surface wave on both sides of the crack; when the crack halts, the EMR pulse amplitude decays by interaction with bulk phonons. The model is shown to be able to provide crack dimensions and velocities, to explain some general similarities of different fracturing processes and indicate the existence of a general failure mechanism. Results raise the hope of developing an EMR based genuine earthquake prediction system.     

昌吉市太阳总辐射的气候学计算及其变化特征分析

利用昌吉市1961—1997年的逐日气候资料,对昌吉市1961—1997年多年平均逐日太阳总辐射进行了气候学计算,并分析了其变化特征和变化趋势,结果表明:昌吉市太阳总辐射多年平均年日总量为22.82MJ.m-2.d-1,太阳总辐射在8～9月份最高,12月份最低,昌吉市的太阳总辐射呈逐年下降趋势。     

基于地性线的不规则三角网优化构建算法

提出了利用自动增加特征点消除平三角形的方法，并通过重构等高线验证了构网算法的实用性和有效性。实验表明，本文算法能很好地消除不合理的平三角形，优化三角网结构。     

基于Kohonen网络的点群综合研究

基于Kohonen网络模型，对标准的SOM（self-organizing feature map）算法进行了改进，在保持点群原有空间分布特征的情况下研究点群的选取和典型化。实践表明，该方法适合任意空间分布类型的点群综合。