一类ENSO事件与四川地区粮食产量的相关分析

本文对1949年以来出现的10次ENSO事件进行了分析,得出如下结果:开始於东太平洋增暖和中大平洋增暖的两类ENSO现象分别对应四川地区粮食产量的减产和增产。此结果对四川地区粮食生产政策的制定及产量的预测研究均有较重要的参考价值。     

海河平原东部地区地面沉降机理与趋势

海河平原东部地区是中国水资源最紧缺的地区之一。地下水开采量占该地区供水总水量的60％以上。深、浅层地下水超采量均超过500亿m^3。该区也是山前拦蓄地表径流最高的地区,大小水库达1820多座,拦蓄能力320亿m^3,控制山区流域面积近90％。在地下水补给源减少与大规模超采地下水的综合作用下,造成平原区河流干涸、地下水水位持续下降、含水层疏干及地面沉降等环境地质问题。同时诱发了含水层之间强越流渗透以求动力场平衡问题,第四系松散地层出现垂向压密而导致地层塑性变形。在滨海平原区,区域性地层垂向压密变形存在缓慢发展趋势。研究表明,地面沉降致灾过程至少存在3个阶段,即自然沉降机制阶段、缓变劣变质变阶段以及快速衰变破坏阶段。缓变劣变质变阶段是采取措施减灾最佳时期。     

Enteromorpha and the cycling of nitrogen in a small estuary

The nitrogen relations of Enteromorpha spp. growing on intertidal mud flats have been examined over a twelve-month period. Nitrogen assimilation rates using ¹⁵N have been used to calculate the production of the alga and were between 0·046 and 0·217 mg $\text{NH}{}_4{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{N}$ (g dry wt alga)^?1 h^?1 A considerable quantity of the alga was buried beneath the sediment over the growth season and was calculated to be equivalent to an input of up to 9·52 g N m^?2 per month and 32 g N m^?2 over one complete growth season. Based on carbon, this latter value represented an input of approximately 320 g C m^?2 annually. Low rates of nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction) were found to be associated with the Enteromorpha. The organisms responsible for the nitrogenase activity were probably heterotrophic bacteria but they did not contribute significant quantities of nitrogen to the alga.     

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷布达特群水力破裂的岩石学特征及其成因探讨

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷布达特群凝灰质泥岩中发育大量凝灰质泥岩角砾。岩芯及透射光显微镜观察发现,这是一种水力破裂体系中流体和岩石作用的产物一水压碎屑岩。水压碎屑岩的岩石学特征表现为：角砾之间具有可拼合性、岩芯横切面上发育大量“T”型垂直裂缝、微细纤维状铁白云石脉对壁生长。水力破裂作用的成因主要与布达特群岩性组合特征、构造-流体作用有关。     

城乡边缘区农户家庭就业空间行为模式及机制研究——以衡阳市珠晖区酃湖乡4个样本村为例

在湖南省衡阳市酃湖乡4个村268家农户的访谈和问卷调查的基础上,通过主导因子分析法,总结了城乡边缘区农户就业空间行为的模式,即传统农业模式、城郊农业就业模式、省域就业模式、市域就业模式、本村置业模式和本市置业模式等6种就业空间行为模式,并从城市化、农业生产效率和城乡二元结构等3个方面总结了各种模式的形成机制。     

Nuclear modification factor for quarkonium production in high energy proton-nucleus collisions within the parton saturation approach

In this work, we analyze nuclear effects in the inclusive production of quarkonium in proton-nucleus collisions at high energy regime. A theoretical framework that includes initial state effects like nuclear shadowing and gluon density saturation is considered. Numerical results for nuclear modification factor, $R_{pA}(y)$, as a function of meson rapidity in proton-nucleus collisions are presented. The parameter-free predictions are compared to the available data from the Large Hadron Collider. Discussion on the main theoretical uncertainties is made, with emphasis on the phenomenological models for the nuclear saturation scale.     

北京奥运会期间CBM-Z化学机制的模拟应用

利用CBM-Z化学机制模拟了中国科学院大气物理研究所气象塔站在北京奥运会期间高臭氧时段O3浓度的日变化,评估了气象条件、北京奥运会加强控制措施以及O3前体物浓度对近地面O3生成的影响。结果表明:(1)CBM-Z化学机制较好地模拟了北京奥运会期间典型时段气象塔站O3、NO、NO2日变化特征。(2)有利于局地高臭氧事件发生的气象条件非常相似;北京奥运会加强控制措施的实施显著减少了NOx及VOCs的排放量,导致近地面O3浓度的明显下降。(3)奥运会期间VOCs和CO是影响气象塔站O3生成量的关键因素。     

雷暴云首次放电前两种非感应起电参数化方案的比较

在三维强风暴动力-电耦合数值模式中分别引入两种基于不同实验室结果的非感应起电参数化方案S91和SP98, 对比分析了一次雷暴单体首次放电前, 利用两种方案模拟得到的非感应电荷转移区域、极性、量级和电荷结构的演变特征, 及其与有效液态水、温度、粒子分布和对流之间的关系。结果表明, S91中, 起电区域逐渐由高温、高有效液水区向低温、低有效液水区转移。电荷转移量快速增加, 且由以正极性为主过渡为以负极性为主。电荷结构由偶极性转变到三极性。SP98中, 淞附增长率的大值区范围较大, 霰以携带正电荷占绝对优势, 易形成反极性的电荷结构, 但有进一步转变为三极性的趋势。两种方案的共同点表现为: 电荷层较高, 位于对流区上部及雷暴移动方向前侧出流区; 正电荷转移多发生在高有效液态水(或淞附增长率)和高温区, 负电荷转移都发生在低有效液态水(或淞附增长率)和低温区; 转移电荷的正中心均位于霰的累积区中心, 负中心易出现在冰晶和霰共存区的中心。     

Spectroscopic evidence of charge exchange X‐ray emission from galaxies

What are the origins of the soft X‐ray line emission from non‐AGN galaxies? XMM‐Newton RGS spectra of nearby non‐AGN galaxies (including starforming ones: M82, NGC 253, M51, M83, M61, NGC 4631, M94, NGC 2903, and the Antennae galaxies, as well as the inner bulge of M31) have been analyzed. In particular, the Kα triplet of O VII shows that the resonance line is typically weaker than the forbidden and/or inter‐combination lines. This suggests that a substantial fraction of the emission may not arise directly from optically thin thermal plasma, as commonly assumed, and may instead originate at its interface with neutral gas via charge exchange. This latter origin naturally explains the observed spatial correlation of the emission with various tracers of cool gas in some of the galaxies. However, alternative scenarios, such as the resonance scattering by the plasma and the relic photo‐ionization by AGNs in the recent past, cannot be ruled out, at least in some cases, and are being examined. Such X‐ray spectroscopic studies are important to the understanding of the relationship of the emission to various high‐energy feedback processes in galaxies (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)