柴达木盆地三湖地区磁力异常形成机理研究与异常分析

柴达木盆地的油气资源丰富,近年来在该区发现了大量异常显示,但是各种异常形成机理各不相同,存在较大多解性,使得该区油气储量探明率很低.根据柴达木盆地以往开展的常规非地震勘探的现状及效果,以磁测找油机理为基础,采用磁力资料化极、剩余磁力异常提取和磁力平剖图等处理手段,对三湖地区生物气藏磁异常进行分析研究,取得明显的异常显示效果.     

The flood of the Nenjiang river and the Songhua river in 1998 and the comprehensive management of the river basins

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巯基棉富集分离—冷原子吸收法测定天然水中痕量汞

用巯基棉富集水中痕量汞,用饱和氯化钠的盐酸溶液解吸,冷原子吸收法测定。当水样取１ Ｌ时,最低检测浓度可达０－００３ μｇ／Ｌ,方法相对标准偏差为３－８ ％ ～６－９ ％ ,巯基棉汞平均回收率为９１－１％ 。该法操作简单、快速、富集倍数大,适用于天然水中痕量汞的分析。     

Reforestation Programs in Southwest China： Reported Success, Observed Failure, and the Reasons Why

Ever since the disastrous floods of 1998, the Chinese government has used the Natural Forest Protection and Sloping Land Conversion Programs to promote afforestation and reforestation as means to reduce runoff, control erosion, and stabilize local livelihoods. These two ambitious programs have been reported as large-scale successes, contributing to an overall increase in China’s forest cover and to the stated goals of environmental stabilization. A small-scale field study at the project level of the implementation of these two programs in Baiwu Township, Yanyuan County, Sichuan, casts doubt upon the accuracy and reliability of these claims of success; ground observations revealed utter failure in some sites and only marginal success in others. Reasons for this discrepancy are posited as involving ecological, economic, and bureaucratic factors. Further research is suggested to determine whether these discrepancies are merely local aberrations or represent larger-scale failures in reforestation programs.     

自然灾害综合风险防范信息服务技术体系构建及展望

构建自然灾害综合风险防范信息服务业务技术体系是支撑新时代防灾减灾救灾工作的必然要求。文章聚焦全链条、多主体、多灾种综合风险防范信息服务需求,建立了自然灾害综合风险防范信息服务的技术体系框架,构建了涵盖常态减灾和灾前预防、灾中救援、灾后恢复重建等非常态救灾全过程的综合风险防范信息服务产品体系,建立了信息产品开发、行业数据协同、网络大数据挖掘、信息服务平台集成等方面的关键技术。其中,信息产品体系构建从灾害管理过程、主要业务类型和工作任务方面进行三级分类。信息产品开发方面研发了基于致灾、灾情、救灾3类标准灾害信息要素的灾害信息产品制作、表达和动态定制技术;行业数据协同方面研发了双向自适应的部门微服务数据共享新机制及多部门多源异构数据接入、融合处理技术;网络大数据挖掘领域研发了基于网页、移动通信、社交网络、物联网等网络大数据的致灾、灾情、救灾要素信息挖掘与融合分析技术;信息服务集成平台搭建领域研发了基于云服务架构的时空分布式大数据管理、业务工具模型集成、“云+端”多渠道信息服务技术。该技术体系解决灾害信息服务时效性不高、完备性不足等问题,为开辟与政府部门统计并行的灾害信息数据获取新途径提供了技...     

Helium and argon isotope geochemistry of natural gases in China’s petroliferous basins

The age-accumulation effect of 40Ar in hydrocarbon source rocks was discussed in accordance with the decay law of radioactive elements. In terms of the mean values of 40Ar/36Ar, the old Sinian gas reservoirs (mean values of 40Ar/36Ar: 7009) were definitely distinguished from the Permian gas reservoirs (mean values of 40Ar/36Ar: 1017) in Weiyuan, Sichuan Province, and the gas source of the Permian gas reservoir (mean values of 40Ar/36Ar: 5222) in well Wei-7 with the Weiyuan structure is defined as the Sinian system. Based on the values of 40Ar/36Ar, the coal-type gases (The source rocks are of the C-P system; mean values of 40Ar/36Ar: 1125) are definitely distinguished from the oil-type gases (The source rocks are of the Tertiary system; mean values of 40Ar/36Ar: 590) in the Tertiary reservoirs of the Zhongyuan Oilfield. Besides, 40Ar/36Ar values also have a positive effect on the oil-source correlation of oil reservoirs in ancient hidden mountains. According to the crust-mantle interchange information reflected by 3He/4He values, petroliferous provinces in China can be divided into three major tectonic regions. (1) The eastern active region: The crust-mantle volatile matter exchanges actively, and the 3He/4He values are mainly around 10-6, partly around 10-7. (2) The central stable region: The 3He/4He values are all around 10-8. (3) The western sub-stable region: The 3He/4He values are mainly around 10-8, and around 10-7 on the edges of the basins. Helium contents of some gas wells in China’s eastern petroliferous region reach the industrial abundance (He≈0.05%–0.1%), the 3He/4He values reach 10-6, and the equivalent values for the mantle-source components in helium gas can reach 30%–50%. As viewed from this, a new type of crust-mantle composite helium resources has been proposed. Geneses of some CO2 gas reservoirs in the east of China and some issues concerning mantle-source methane were discussed in the light of the helium and carbon isotopes of CO2 and CH4 in natural gases. In the discussion on helium isotopic characteristics of inclusions in the reservoirs, it was discovered that the 3He/4He values are close to those in natural gases. That is to say, this phenomenon is related to regional tectonism. The 3He/4He, CO2/3He and CH4/3He data were used to discuss the tectonic activities of fault zones in a certain number of regions in China.     

降雨条件下考虑饱和渗透系数变异性的边坡可靠度分析

土体饱和渗透系数表现为天然的变异性,为此基于Green-Ampt模型建立了考虑饱和渗透系数变异性的降雨入渗物理模型,并藉此模型确定了坡体湿润锋深度和含水率分布。然后结合无限长非饱和土边坡稳定模型得到解析形式的反映边坡稳定性的极限状态函数。采用Monte Carlo法对饱和渗透系数进行随机抽样并最终建立降雨条件下考虑饱和渗透系数变异性的边坡概率分析框架。针对一假想边坡,探讨了饱和渗透系数的变异系数、降雨持时和降雨强度对边坡破坏概率以及破坏发生时间概率分布的影响,结果表明：在降雨初期,边坡的破坏概率随饱和渗透系数变异性的增强而逐渐增加,但随着降雨的持续,破坏概率开始随变异性的增强而显著降低;滑坡最可能发生时间的大小并不受饱和渗透系数变异性的影响,而是直接取决于降雨强度;滑坡最可能发生时间所对应的概率却随变异性的增强而逐渐减小。     

川西前陆盆地天然气成藏过程

川西前陆盆地具有丰富的天然气资源,发育上三叠统巨厚的煤系烃源岩,以生气为主,并发育多套储盖组合。天然气成因类型主要是煤成气,目前的气田分布主要受古隆起、沟通下部烃源岩和上部储集层的隐伏断层以及储集条件的控制。川西前陆盆地具有多期成藏、燕山期或喜山期聚集、喜山期调整等特点。来自上三叠统煤系源岩的天然气聚集主要在燕山期,形成原生气藏或下生上储型气藏;后经过喜山期的逆冲作用,对浅层储集层进行改造,产生的断裂沟通深部气藏与浅层圈闭,在对深层(主要在上三叠统)原生气藏进行改造的同时形成浅层(侏罗系)次生气藏。     

地浸采铀浸出液氧化沉淀法除铁研究

在氧化沉淀法去除铁的过程中,氧化反应分别在自然曝气、充气和除钙的条件下进行,对照结果进行分析,得出最佳的除铁配方,同时还着重对氧化反应速率及其影响因素（pH,Eh等）进行了探索性研究,为以后试验提供了一定的依据。     

天然闪锌矿原位高温X射线衍射研究

对天然闪锌矿进行了原位高温X射线衍射实验研究,结果表明：闪锌矿受热膨胀,27～675℃温度范围内其膨胀系数为25.61×10-6℃-1;随着温度的升高,在543℃时产生中间物相Zn3O（SO4）2,并分解产生红锌矿ZnO;在797℃时中间物相完全消失,同时出现尖晶石结构的ZnFe2O4;加热至1160℃时的产物为ZnO和ZnFe2O4。实验表明,天然闪锌矿的热改性可产生一定比例的红锌矿（ZnO）,其与闪锌矿一起形成二元复合半导体。在光的激发下,该半导体体系产生的光生载流子由一种半导体注入另一种半导体,降低了光生电子-空穴对的复合几率,提高其光催化活性。本文的研究可为热改性提高天然闪锌矿光催化活性提供理论依据。