省级地震数据容灾备份技术初探

对地震数据容灾备份技术进行了研究,探讨了地震数据容灾备份的重要性及设计方案,及开展此项工作的技术和流程。详细介绍了地震数据容灾备份所需的网络备份技术、数据复制技术、灾难检测技术和系统迁移技术。     

海城地震前后大连市防震减灾对策研究

因海城地震的成功预报,地震前后,大连市政府在组织、思想、物资准备以及防止次生灾害、生命线工程安全检查等方面采取了一系列有效的措施,大大减轻了地震灾害及强余震的影响,树立了我国早期大城市防震减灾的范例,今天仍然有着重要的借鉴价值。     

纳入政府目标考核 建立有效工作机制——合肥市加强和创新防震减灾社会管理的有益尝试

介绍了合肥市创新防震减灾社会管理机制的基本做法,分析了其成效与不足,提出了进一步加强市县防震减灾社会管理的意见和建议。     

面向防震减灾的人口数据空间化研究——以2007年宁洱地震灾区为例

入口是地震灾害的重要受灾体,准确的入口空问分布信息是防震减灾工作的重要依据.本文借助地理信息系统,将人口统计数据与高分辨率遥感数据相结合,应用基于居民地的人口数据空间化方法,模拟人口空间分布.首先根据城市人口—面积异速生长模型的分形几何意义,推导出城乡人口一面积统一模型;进而以2007年宁洱地震灾区为例,在建立居民地分类体系和遥感解译标志的基础上,目视解译获得准确的居民地信息;最后应用城乡人口—面积统一模型获得网格人口密度矢量数据.经检验,本文的结果达到了较高的精度.同时在人口数据空间化完成的基础上,以地震受灾人口估算为例,探讨了人口数据空间化在防震减灾中的应用.研究结果表明,基于网格人口矢量数据的受灾人口估算结果更能客观反映地震灾情,可以为防震减灾和应急救援工作提供可靠的依据.     

青海省气象灾害的若干气候特征分析

利用1984-2007年气象灾害资料, 分析了青海省各类气象灾害的发生机率及时空分布特征.冰雹、 暴雨洪涝、 雪灾、 干旱和雷电及霜冻是青海省主要气象灾害, 连阴雨、 大风、 沙尘暴、 冻害、 渍涝、 高温、 龙卷风、 大雾为青海次要气象灾害.在地域分布上, 海南州和海东地区是青海气象灾害多发和危害严重地区; 玉树州和果洛州属于气象灾害发生较少和危害较轻地区.就行政县域而言, 西宁市湟中县、 海南州兴海县、 贵德县为青海气象灾害多发县, 果洛州班玛县、 久治县、 玉树州治多县则是青海省气象灾害较少和危害较轻县份.年内5-6月出现的气象灾害种类最多, 4-9月份是气象灾害高发期.在1984-2007年间, 暴雨洪涝、 冰雹、 雷电灾害发生次数呈增多趋势, 其他灾害发生次数增多趋势不甚明显.     

Discard mitigation - what we can learn from waste minimization practices in other natural resources?

Solutions to the problem of discarding in fisheries have been debated for decades. Despite this attention, measures to ameliorate discarding have had limited success. Regulators, researchers, and industry continue to struggle with fisheries management and foregone yield in the face of the continued wastage of valuable resources due to discarding.Waste minimization and by-product utilization are powerful imperatives in other sectors that are also reliant on the harvest of natural resources. This paper considers the performance of these sectors in waste minimization and by-product utilization, with the aim of identifying practices and processes that may be applied to ameliorate discarding in fisheries.This paper describes the handling, utilization, and mitigation of discards and waste in the livestock farming, agriculture, mining, and waste management industries, and in particular, in forestry. In terms of biological impact, economic objectives, and management approaches the harvesting of trees has substantial similarities to industrialized fishing. However, the forestry sector has found ways to utilize almost 100% of the natural product harvest by establishing markets and new products. Analogous developments within the fishing industry could substantially improve sustainability through reduced levels of discarding and wastage. Based on the experiences of these sectors it is suggested that evaluations of potential Management Strategies are developed to specifically examine discard mitigation approaches on a broader scale than previously conducted.     

深冷环境下海水冷冻淡化性能试验研究

提出利用液态天然气(LNG)冷能实现海水冷冻淡化,针对LNG的储运工艺,开展海水在超低温环境下的过冷度、结晶、脱盐等机理研究。试验测试了海水在电导率为20～40 mS/cm、冷冻温度为-30～-80℃冷冻条件下,制冰率、制冰速率、脱盐率等性能指标,并分析了影响各性能指标的因素,得出了超低温工况下系统最优过程参数。该研究结果为基于LNG冷能实现海水冷冻淡化的工程设计提供了必要的技术基础和设计依据。     

探讨高频检波器与低截处理的替代关系

地震检波器是实现把机械振动转换为电信号的传感器,不同检波器具有不同的相位特性和频率特性。从检波器的振动理论方程着手,分析了地震资料反射品质与检波器特性的关系。结合地质任务和技术指标要求,在相同采集因素条件下,执行特定的试验内容,考核了不同检波器类型及其性能,对资料进行了有益的处理方法尝试,获得实用而有意义的结论。在目的层较浅的探区,试验数据表明采用自然频率较低的检波器和特殊的低截处理方法同样能够实现高分辨率的地震勘探效果。     

Accumulation and exploration of gas hydrate in deep-sea sediments of northern South China Sea

The large deep-sea area from the southwestern Qiongdongnan Basin to the eastern Dongsha Islands,within the continental margin of northern South China Sea,is a frontier of natural gas hydrate exploration in China.Multiform of deep-sea sedimentations have been occurred since late Miocene,and sediment waves as a potential quality reservoir of natural gas hydrate is an most important style of them.Based on abundant available data of seismic,gravity sampling and drilling core,we analyzed the characteristics of seismic reflection and sedimentation of sediment waves and the occurrence of natural gas hydrate hosted in it,and discussed the control factors on natural gas hydrate accumulation.The former findings revealed the deep sea of the northern South China Sea have superior geological conditions on natural gas hydrate accumulation.Therefore,it will be of great significance in deep-sea natural gas hydrate exploration with the study on the relationship between deep-sea sedimentation and natural gas hydrate accumulation.     

海洋围隔生态系中浮游动物的研究

2002-05-20-26在东海进行小尺度船基浮游生物生态系围隔实验,研究浮游动物的群落结构、组成与环境之间的关系,探讨了优势种群的自然繁殖发育期。结果表明,浮游动物的种类组成较简单,优势种明显。浮游动物生物量、丰度及优势种群丰度三者的变化呈逐渐增加趋势。在实验期的1～5d,小拟哲水蚤的无节幼虫和早期幼体占绝对优势,该自然种群的丰度不断增加;随时间推移,无节幼虫逐渐发育为桡足幼体,而后又逐渐发育为成体。因此,本次实验期是实验海区优势种小拟哲水蚤种群的自然繁殖发育盛期。