南沙群岛封闭环礁空间结构演化的遥感复合信息与模型Ⅱ

基干本文上篇对南沙群岛所建立的封闭环礁概念化遥感系统,通过对封闭与准封闭环礁的信息函数值、均衡度求解与发育形态的拓扑分析,将遥感复合信息量化数据为运算参数,构建了两类环礁的特征量体系及其数学模型,并举例进行多元分析.     

Multivariate analysis for ordination and comparison of size of Artemia cysts

ThisresearchwasfundedbyNaturalScienceFoundationofFujianProvince.INTRODUCTloNBrineshrimpsaredistrbutedwidelyintheworld.Morethan35ohabitatshavebeenidenti-fiedsofar(VanhaeckeandSorgeloos,198O).Longadaptationtothenarrowbiotopscharacter-izedbyhighsalinityofsaltlakes,lagoonsandsaltfarms,thestrainhasdevelopedinherentcharac-terssuchascystsize,growthrateandtoleranttothehightemperature,etc.Thereforethecystbiometricshasoftenbeenusedinthespeciesidentification,asitisalsoeasyfordatagatheringwhencarr…     

Estimation of suspended sediment sources using 137Cs and 210Pbex in unmanaged Japanese cypress plantation watersheds in southern Japan

To analyse suspended sediment sources in unmanaged Japanese cypress plantation watersheds, field measurements and fingerprinting of the suspended sediment was conducted in the Shimanto River basin in southern Japan. For sediment fingerprinting, ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb_ex were detected by means of gamma‐ray spectrometry in the surface soil of the forest floor, stream bank and truck trail and mobilized sediment by interrill erosion. The ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb_ex activities associated with the forest floor materials were considerably higher than those of the stream bank and truck trail. The ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb_ex activities associated with the suspended sediment were found to vary with the sampling period. Evidently, the suspended sediment can comprise materials generated from the forest floor by interrill erosion and those from the truck trail and/or stream bank. The multivariate sediment‐mixing model using ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb_ex showed that the contribution of the forest floor varied periodically, ranging from 23–56% in the Hinoki 156 subwatershed and from 18–85% in the Hinoki 155 subwatershed. The difference in the average contribution of the forest floor between Hinoki 156 (46%) and Hinoki 155 (69%) may relate to the presence of truck trail networks in the watershed. The truck trail network can play roles of sediment source and pathway for sediment from forest floor to stream channel due to the concentrated overland flow on the truck trail during heavy rainfall events. These results indicate that the forest floor should be recognized as a major source of suspended sediment in unmanaged Japanese cypress plantation watersheds. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

多元校正分析在水环境地球化学领域中的应用

多元校正分析法应用于水环境地球化学研究,可对复杂的分析数据进行处理和解析,反映水质状况与污染之间的各种关系,建立水质评价和预测模型,从而科学地服务于治理水污染。评述了多元分析方法如主成分分析、偏最小二乘法、人工神经网络等在水环境地球化学研究中的应用、进展和前景。     

跨活动断裂隧洞工程赋存区域地应力场分布特征研究

初始地应力的方向、量值和分布形式是影响岩石地下工程围岩应力、变形和破坏模式的重要因素,在工程区域难以开展大量实测工作,且实测结果具有相当的离散性,引入数值分析方法和数学理论对地应力场综合分析是有效的解决手段之一。结合滇中引水香炉山隧洞穿越龙蟠－乔后断裂段（楚波–白汉场断裂南段）工程,针对实测结果中方向结果离散性较大的问题,基于中国现代构造地应力场特征,对丽江地区复合断裂对区域地应力场影响的理论分析与数值模拟,获取了地应力场方向的定性认识。基于钻孔测试成果,通过基于多元线性回归的三维地应力场反演获取了地应力场方向与量值的定量认识。获得的初步结果表明,龙蟠–乔后断裂F10运动形式以正断错动为主;左旋走滑为辅的滑动,受其影响隧洞工程在穿越F10断裂部位的主应力发生偏转,偏转后最大主应力方向近似平行或小夹角相交于F10断裂走向;反演获得的香炉山隧洞趋近F10-1、F10-2段最大主应力量值范围为13～19 MPa,中间主应力为11～16 MPa,最小主应力为9～13 MPa,应力量值较高,并呈现 > > （ 、 分别为最大、最小水平主应力）的特征;F10断裂F10-1、F10-2主断带成为地应力场的控制性边界,其间应力量值明显小于上下两盘岩体,F10-1、F10-2主断带间岩体最大主应力量值范围在9～10 MPa,最小主应力量值范围在7～10 MPa,地应力最大主应力方向与隧洞纵轴线以约60°夹角相交,相交角度较大,对隧洞稳定性影响较大。     

多元加权总体最小二乘新解法

将多元加权总体最小二乘模型进行变换,转化为加权总体最小二乘模型,推导构造新的系数矩阵和系数矩阵元素协因数阵的公式,研究多元加权总体最小二乘的解算流程。以Jazaeri加权总体最小二乘为例,给出多元总体最小二乘参数的解算过程。通过算例分析和比较,验证了该方法的有效性。     

新疆阿勒泰阿巴宫铁矿遥感找矿综合信息研究

多光谱遥感找矿技术在荒漠戈壁滩地区已取得显著成效,但遥感技术在低山丘陵地带的使用资料较少,鉴于此,本论文以低山丘陵地貌类型的新疆阿勒泰阿巴宫多金属矿带的铁矿床为研究区,研究矿区蚀变信息的反射光谱特征,及在ETM+、ASTER多光谱数据中各个波段的吸收性;利用ASTER多光谱遥感数据提取阿巴宫铁矿的构造信息、岩性信息及蚀变异常信息,提取的上述信息与实际地质情况相吻合;对研究区的地质、物探、化探、遥感等找矿信息进行综合分析,遥感异常与航磁异常、化探异常的分布趋势及范围具有较高的一致性。     

基于不同学科解决粗差探测问题的方法研究

通过对已有粗差探测成果的研究,本文按照基于的学科不同将其大致分为4类:数理统计粗差探测方法,基于多元统计分析粗差探测方法,线性代数粗差探测方法,人工智能粗差探测方法。然后从这4个方面辐射出已有的关于粗差发现、定位、定值等相关方法的研究,并且针对国内学者对用人工智能方法实现粗差探测未进行成熟研究的现状,提出可行策略并进行实现从而为人工智能和测量数据处理2个学科的结合开拓新的研究方向。     

Paleoenvironmental interpretations of Quaternary reef deposits based on comparisons of 10 selected modern and fossil larger foraminifera from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan

Abstract A new method for reconstructing depositional environments of larger foraminifera‐bearing limestones is proposed. First, depth and spatial distributions of empty tests of 10 foraminiferal taxa in a 1–2 mm size fraction were examined using 32 surface sediment samples collected from depths shallower than 200 m, located to the west of Miyako Island, Ryukyu Islands, northwest Pacific. Distributional ranges of empty tests in the 1–2 mm size fraction appear to be more limited than those including other size fractions in previous reports, partly because larger empty tests of each taxon are less easily transported than smaller ones. Multivariate analyses (Q‐mode cluster analysis and non‐metric multidimensional scaling ordination) based on binary (presence/absence) data of the 10 taxa delineate four sample groups, each of which corresponds to different depositional environments: nearshore zone/bay inlet; back‐reef to fore‐reef; outer shelf to shelf slope; and shelf slope distant from coral reefs. Next, these modern data were applied to reconstruct the depositional environment of a rock section distributed in the Shiratorizaki area (Irabu Island, Ryukyu Islands), which consists of larger foraminiferal limestone of the Pleistocene Ryukyu Group. Multivariate analyses were performed on the fossil plus the modern foraminiferal data to explore the possible relationship of the fossil associations with variations in modern associations, demonstrating that the fossil foraminiferal associations resemble the modern outer shelf associations. The modern analog technique was also applied to estimate paleobathymetry using fossil foraminiferal data. The results indicate that the section studied was deposited in outer shelf environments at depths between 53.5 and 98.6 m. These paleoenvironmental interpretations are consistent with previous studies based on sedimentary facies and the computer‐based expert system. The modern dataset and methods used in our work would be particularly useful for paleoenvironmental reconstructions of Quaternary reef and shelf carbonates along active margins of the northwest Pacific.     

地下水流量预测的多元线性回归分析模型研究

地下水系统是一个复杂的随机系统,本文根据地下水流量与其影响因素之间存在的相关关系,建立了一个基于线性回归分析法的地下水流量预测模型,并将其用于遵义市海龙坝的地下水流量预测。结果表明预测精度较高,建立的模型较符合本研究区的实际情况。