MS-VSCN:用于影像匹配的多尺度视觉相似度比较网络

影像匹配在多种计算机视觉任务中起着重要的作用.提出一种用于影像匹配的多尺度视觉相似度比较网络.该网络基于孪生网络结构进行构建,将普通卷积与空洞卷积进行融合,使得卷积神经网络在多个尺度上提取到的视觉特征实现互补.首先,网络的输入由两幅待匹配的影像组成,使用权值共享的两个网络分支分别提取两幅影像的深度特征;其次,在网络中与...     

基于准连续介质方法模拟纳米多晶体Ni中裂纹的扩展

通过准连续介质方法模拟了纳米多晶体Ni中裂纹的扩展过程.模拟结果显示:裂纹尖端的应力场可以导致晶界分解、层错和变形孪晶的形成等塑性形变;在距离裂纹尖端越远的位置,变形孪晶越少;在裂纹尖端附近相同距离处,层错要远多于变形孪晶.这反映了局部应力的变化以及广义平面层错能对变形孪晶的影响.计算了裂纹尖端附近区域原子级局部静水应力的分布.计算结果表明:裂纹前端晶界处容易产生细微空洞,这些空洞附近为张应力集中区,并可能促使裂纹沿着晶界扩展.模拟结果定性地反映了纳米多晶体Ni中的裂纹扩展过程,并与相关实验结果符合得很好     

测井多尺度分析方法用于准层序自动划分研究

多尺度分析方法实现了信号分析的时频局部化,是测井数据时频分析与地质解释恰当的数学工具.测井资料作为地层岩性、物性的反映,其中必然蕴含了大量与沉积地层旋回变化有关的信息.以胜坨油田某井为例,采用db4最佳小波基分别对自然伽马、自然电位和声波等测井曲线进行了多尺度分析,将一维测井数据拓展为二维深度-尺度空间,提取小波变换系数的时频色谱信息和能量信息,从而确定出测井曲线识别准层序界面的最佳尺度.依据最佳尺度下的小波系数幅度振荡特征和时频色谱信息实现了对准层序界面的自动划分,与传统方法所划分的界面基本一致.这些探索为层序地层的定量划分提供了一种新的思路.     

重力数据的多尺度边缘分析及其应用

In order to improve the processing and interpretation of gravity data, multiscale edge theory in image processing is introduced into the study of gravity field. Multiscale edges of gravity anomaly are analyzed based on a special wavelet. It shows that the multiscale edges are the extrema points of the horizontal gravity gradient at different heights, which are related to the sharp discontinuities of underground sources. The applications of multiscale edge in downward continuation and gravity inversion are discussed. The simulated examples show that the multiscale edges can be applied to stabilize the downward continuation operator when the continuation height is low. The multiscale edges also have a convenient application to infer the geometry of the underground source. Moreover, the gravity inversion algorithm based on the multiscale edges has a good antinoise property. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40704003), the National 973 Program of China(No.2007CB714405), the Open Research Fund from Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy(No.04-01-08).     

诱发哈萨克斯坦夏季强降水的环流结构特征

采用FNL1°×1°和CPC0.5°×0.5°再分析资料,通过对比分析夏季哈萨克斯坦不同区域的3次强降水过程的环流特征,揭示了诱发强降水的环流结构。结果表明：哈萨克斯坦各区域出现强降水时,西部和东部的强降水中心位于高空急流带入口区右侧,北部位于出口区左侧,辐散抽吸作用利于上升运动发展;强降水的影响系统主要为500 hPa低涡,强降水中心位于低涡槽线前部西南气流带上,中层温度平流对强降水发生有促进作用,西部和北部强降水中心位于低层冷平流大值区,东部则位于东北冷平流南侧的气旋性辐合区;除哈萨克斯坦东部强降水受地形影响地面系统尺度较小外,西部和北部强降水时地面有明显的冷锋,并存在气旋性的辐合切变,冷暖汇合形成的辐合线是强降水的主要中尺度触发系统;哈萨克斯坦强降水的水汽源地主要为地中海、黑海、波斯湾和北冰洋,经长途输送在强降水区形成强的水汽辐合,辐合值＞40×10-6 g?cm-1?s-1。     

Analysis of potential field data in the wavelet domain

Various Green's functions occurring in Poisson potential field theory can be used to construct non-orthogonal, non-compact, continuous wavelets. Such a construction leads to relations between the horizontal derivatives of geophysical field measurements at all heights, and the wavelet transform of the zero height field. The resulting theory lends itself to a number of applications in the processing of potential field data. Some simple, synthetic examples in two dimensions illustrate one inversion approach based upon the maxima of the wavelet transform (multiscale edges). These examples are presented to illustrate, by way of explicit demonstration, the information content of the multiscale edges. We do not suggest that the methods used in these examples be taken literally as a practical algorithm or inversion technique. Rather, we feel that the real thrust of the method is towards physically based, spatially local filtering of geophysical data images using Green's function wavelets, or compact approximations thereto. To illustrate our first steps in this direction, we present some preliminary results of a 3-D analysis of an aeromagnetic survey.     

基于融合和IFLICM算法的非监督遥感影像变化检测

提出了一种基于多尺度小波融合和改进的非监督模糊聚类的多光谱遥感影像变化检测方法。该算法解决了目前很多算法造成虚警率较高,而且未能充分利用像元之间空间关系的问题。首先利用二维离散小波（DWT）多尺度分解的方式来构造差异图,通过对两种小波分解系数融合的方式来抑制噪声点和突出变化区域。考虑到像元之间的空间位置信息,在融合后的基础上采用改进的模糊局部信息聚类（IFLICM）的方法得到变化检测结果。对两个时相的多光谱遥感卫星影像进行变化检测试验,试验表明基于融合的变化检测结果精度更高,并且改进后的聚类算法效果比其他聚类算法效果更好。     

斯里兰卡以东海域涡旋偶极子的生成与维持机制

斯里兰卡岛以东海域在西南季风期间常会出现一对低频涡旋偶极子（即斯里兰卡穹顶气旋涡和反气旋涡）,对当地的海洋生态系统及气候有着重要影响。基于（1/12）°分辨率的混合坐标海洋模式（Hybrid Coordinate Oceanic Model,HYCOM）再分析资料以及多尺度子空间变换（MWT）和基于MWT的正则传输理论等方法,分析了它们的生成发展机制。结果发现这2个涡旋发展所需能量最终都来源于海表风应力做功,但具体可取3条完全不同的路径：①风应力直接驱动涡旋;②风应力驱动背景场的西南季风流,其后西南季风流发生正压不稳定以提供涡旋所需的涡动能;③西南季风流通过风应力做功获得的动能转换为有效位能,其后通过斜压不稳定给涡旋提供位能。涡旋最终衰亡的主要原因包括风应力对涡旋做功的减少、西南季风流正压不稳定的减弱、涡旋的能量频散以及低频涡向更高频扰动的正向能量级串。     

Comprehensive numerical analysis of fault‐structure systems – Computation of the large‐scale seismic structural response to a given earthquake scenario –

The seismic structural response is affected by temporal and spatial variations in strong ground motion. It can be evaluated through the fault‐structure system: the fault mechanism, wave propagation through the crust, amplification near the surface, and soil‐structure interaction. To analyze this system at high resolution and accuracy, we previously proposed a new multiscale analysis method and numerically verified its validity. However, the problem of the extremely large computation cost of constructing a three‐dimensional numerical model and solving the discretized governing equations still remains. Here, we introduce a new method to resolve these difficulties. By combining this new method with our multiscale analysis, we developed a tool for fault‐structure system analysis. The accuracy of this tool is verified by comparing it to a Green's function solution. Finally, we demonstrate the potential utility of the method by estimating the seismic response of a large and complex underground highway junction in a given earthquake scenario. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于多尺度X-CT成像的数字岩心技术在碳酸盐岩储层微观孔隙结构研究中的应用

为了更加直观、准确地刻画碳酸盐岩储集层的微观孔隙结构特征,分别选取裂缝发育的双孔介质碳酸盐岩储层样品与裂缝不发育的单介质碳酸盐岩储层样品,利用多尺度X-CT扫描成像技术建立不同级别的三维数字岩心,应用最大球算法与孔喉尺寸校正方法,提取并建立碳酸盐储层纳米级数字岩心孔隙网络模型,最后实现利用三维孔隙网络模型模拟储层物性参数、进汞曲线以及孔、喉分布曲线,并与常规高压压汞法结果进行平行对比。研究结果表明:利用数字岩心技术模拟得到的孔隙度、渗透率参数与实际测量结果相差较小;模拟得到的进汞曲线、孔喉分布曲线与室内压汞实验得到的曲线具有较高的一致性,数字岩心得到的模拟结果具有较高的可信度。数字岩心技术在碳酸盐储层微观孔隙结构的直观刻画与定量描述方面,具有明显优势。