逸度模型在湖泊流域农药多介质归趋研究中的应用与展望

农药的施用在促进农业经济发展的同时,也带来了诸多环境问题.农药由农业活动排放进入到环境后会通过不同的途径在各介质之间进行迁移和转化,最后由径流作用汇聚于湖泊中,破坏生态环境,影响人类健康.因此,研究湖泊流域生态系统中农药的多介质归趋具有重要意义.使用基于逸度的多介质模型模拟农药在环境中的行为是一个十分有效的方法.逸度模型利用"逸度"的概念描述污染物在各个环境介质之间的迁移和转化过程趋势,其结果建立在化学物质自身物化性质和环境系统性质之上,不仅适用于预测农药在环境各介质中的残留水平,还可以揭示区域内污染的空间分布特征,是湖泊流域生态系统管理中一个重要的工具.本文综述了逸度模型的理论基础,对近年来国内外逸度模型的发展现状、相关环境模型及其在农药归趋研究和湖泊流域生态系统管理中的运用进行了总结,并展望了逸度模型在农药多介质研究中的应用前景,以期对我国农药的管理、合理施用方面提供科学与技术支持.     

利用多介质模型研究有机氯农药的环境行为

应用Ⅲ级多介质逸度环境模型研究了研究区3种有机氯农药p,p-’DDT、p,p-’DDE、p,p-’DDD的多介质行为。模型的计算结果表明:在研究区大气、水和沉积物中p,p-’DDT的浓度分别为0.019 8g/m3、0.016 8ng/L0、.313ng/g;p,p-’DDE的浓度分别为0.019 9g/m30、.001 65ng/L、0.124ng/g;p,p-’DDD的浓度分别为0.001 98g/m3、0.004 68ng/L、0.083 2ng/g。沉积物中的有机氯农药的含量占环境中有机氯农药总滞留量的99%以上,是有机氯农药的最主要的汇。然后计算了3种有机氯农药在环境中的相间迁移通量,其中水-沉积物迁移和沉积物-水迁移是最重要的迁移过程。     

基于簇的移动多媒体客户请求调度策略

研究移动多媒体用户数量的增加引起的网络瓶颈与多媒体代理服务器负载大的问题。提出1种基于逻辑簇的客户请求调度策略CCRSS(Cluster-Based Client Request Scheduler Strategy)。首先根据移动设备的物理位置按照客户定位算法确定请求者所在的逻辑簇。然后簇节点选择者根据节点服务能力利用节点选择策略,筛选能够响应客户请求的簇节点。最后簇节点判断者判断请求者能否作为簇节点从而服务未来的客户请求,确定请求者位于哪个逻辑簇中,并更新簇信息管理者。最后定理证明该系统能够有效的降低多媒体的抖动率和减少服务器带宽负载。     

多媒体电子地图集中超媒体结构的语言学机制

通过对现有多媒体电子地图多种信息主体及其关系的分析,阐述了多媒体电子地图集中超媒体结构的语言学机制,并就该理论的实际应用给出了一个实例。     

Integration of GIS and multimedia information based on ORDBMS

GIS not includes only spatial data and attribute data, but also multimedia information. How to integrate and manage these data effectively is very important. With the development of the technology of Object-Relation DBMS (ORDBMS), it improved the capability of managing complicated information. With ORDBMS, GIS and multimedia information can be integrated together and can speed accessing files by using "buffer".     

融合多模态特征的社会多媒体谣言检测技术研究

以微博为代表的社会媒体的蓬勃发展在加速信息交流的同时,也促使虚假谣言信息迅速在社会网络上传播,造成严重的后果.自动谣言检测问题受到了国内外学术界、产业界的广泛关注.围绕社会多媒体谣言检测这一问题,本文总结了融合多模态特征的谣言检测相关技术.首先从基本概念出发,阐述了谣言的定义和社会多媒体的特点,给出了社会多媒体谣言检测问题的定义.针对谣言检测面临的多模态特征抽取和模型构建两大难点,分别总结和归纳了各种类型的特征及其提取方法和不同的机器学习检测模型.这些特征和算法是检测谣言的基本手段,也是接下来研究的基础,可为进一步谣言检测的研究提供参考.     

Building Environmental Literacy through Participation in GIS and Multimedia Assisted Field Research

Abstract

A Learning Support System (LSS) that emphasizes experiential research in natural environments using the cutting-edge technologies of GIS and multimedia has been developed for teaching environmental literacy to undergraduate students at the University of Georgia. Computers are used as cognitive tools to create a context in which students become interns in an ecological research center. Students are instructed to conduct research in the form of two field laboratories (the stream and forest laboratories). They accomplish their tasks by collecting data in the field (the State Botanical Garden of Georgia near the campus). They enter the data in the Learning Support System (LSS), and are guided to formulate hypotheses relating to stream water quality and human impact on forest succession for testing. Students also interact with the Environmental Research Support Site (ERSS) within the LSS for explanations to their findings. A specially customized Arc View GIS program within the LSS provides a tool to students for spatial analysis in the case of the forest laboratory. Students and faculty evaluations as well as final examination results confirmed the receptiveness of students to the LSS approach and its effectiveness in the learning of environmental literacy.     

Influential input classification in probabilistic multimedia models

 Monte Carlo analysis is a statistical simulation method that is often used to assess and quantify the outcome variance in complex environmental fate and effects models. Total outcome variance of these models is a function of (1) the variance (uncertainty and/or variability) associated with each model input and (2) the sensitivity of the model outcome to changes in the inputs. To propagate variance through a model using Monte Carlo techniques, each variable must be assigned a probability distribution. The validity of these distributions directly influences the accuracy and reliability of the model outcome. To efficiently allocate resources for constructing distributions one should first identify the most influential set of variables in the model. Although existing sensitivity and uncertainty analysis methods can provide a relative ranking of the importance of model inputs, they fail to identify the minimum set of stochastic inputs necessary to sufficiently characterize the outcome variance. In this paper, we describe and demonstrate a novel sensitivity/uncertainty analysis method for assessing the importance of each variable in a multimedia environmental fate model. Our analyses show that for a given scenario, a relatively small number of input variables influence the central tendency of the model and an even smaller set determines the spread of the outcome distribution. For each input, the level of influence depends on the scenario under consideration. This information is useful for developing site specific models and improving our understanding of the processes that have the greatest influence on the variance in outcomes from multimedia models.     

高校多媒体教程建设的思考——兼谈《地球科学》电子教材制作

结合高校电子教程的发展现状讨论了建设多媒体电子教程的必要性和可能性,并针对高等教育的特点提出了建设电子教程的目的及其应当具备的特点,最后以《地球科学》研制为例,介绍了教程研制过程中应当注意的几个关键环节和制作目标,强调了知识的整体感和表现形式的多样性。     

计算机多媒体技术与地声监测及地震预报

本文主要介绍了计算机多媒体技术以及地声的主要频谱特征,同时探讨了利用计算机多媒体技术进行地声的实时监测从而实现对地震的临震预报的一种方法。