掺稀土萤石:Eu3+的发光性质

利用天然萤石矿物原料经掺杂合成出萤石：Eu^3 荧光体。根据荧光光谱及格位对称性关系，该体系中主要存在两类发光中心，其位置对称分别为C4v和C3v。Eu^3 离子进入CaF3晶格，与Ca^2 离子不等价置换，由于电荷补偿，Eu^3 离子周围常常存在间隙Fi^-的缺陷。间隙Fi^-的存在，降低了局域对称性(由Oh降低为C4v和C3v)，打破了宇称选择定则，有利于Eu^3 离子的发光。另外，当间隙Fi^-为远程补偿时，Eu^3 离子依然占据Oh位置。以^5D0→^7F1允许的磁偶极跃迁为主，但占据此位置的Eu^3 离子数量是非常小的。     

Detection of stress in tomatoes induced by late blight disease in California, USA, using hyperspectral remote sensing

Large-scale farming of agricultural crops requires on-time detection of diseases for pest management. Hyperspectral remote sensing data taken from low-altitude flights usually have high spectral and spatial resolutions, which can be very useful in detecting stress in green vegetation. In this study, we used late blight in tomatoes to illustrate the capability of applying hyperspectral remote sensing to monitor crop disease in the field scale and to develop the methodologies for the purpose. A series of field experiments was conducted to collect the canopy spectral reflectance of tomato plants in a diseased tomato field in Salinas Valley of California. The disease severity varied from stage 1 (the light symptom), to stage 4 (the sever damage). The economic damage of the crop caused by the disease is around the disease stage 3. An airborne visible infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS) image with 224 bands within the wavelength range of 0.4–2.5 μm was acquired during the growing season when the field data were collected. The spectral reflectance of the field samples indicated that the near infrared (NIR) region, especially 0.7–1.3 μm, was much more valuable than the visible range to detect crop disease. The difference of spectral reflectance in visible range between health plants and the infected ones at stage 3 was only 1.19%, while the difference in the NIR region was high, 10%. We developed an approach including the minimum noise fraction (MNF) transformation, multi-dimensional visualization, pure pixels endmember selection and spectral angle mapping (SAM) to process the hyperspectral image for identification of diseased tomato plants. The results of MNF transformation indicated that the first 28 eigenimages contain useful information for classification of the pixels and the rest were mainly noise-dominated due to their low eigenvalues that had few signals. Therefore, the 28 signal eigenimages were used to generate a multi-dimensional visualization space for endmember spectra selection and SAM. Classification with the SAM technique of plants’ spectra showed that the late blight diseased tomatoes at stage 3 or above could be separated from the healthy plants while the less infected plants (at stage 1 or 2) were difficult to separate from the healthy plants. The results of the image analysis were consistent with the field spectra. The mapped disease distribution at stage 3 or above from the image showed an accurate conformation of late blight occurrence in the field. This result not only confirmed the capability of hyperspectral remote sensing in detecting crop disease for precision disease management in the real world, but also demonstrated that the spectra-based classification approach is an applicable method to crop disease identification.     

青海地区闪电回击通道的温度特性

用无狭缝摄谱仪获得了青海高原地区云对地闪电回击过程的光谱,在谱线辨认和光谱特征分析的基础上,根据光谱线相对强度和跃迁参数值,用多谱线法,对回击通道不同高度处的温度进行了定量分析。结果表明,通道温度与闪电放电的强度密切相关,一般情况下,闪电放电过程越强,对应的通道温度越高;对通道不同高度处的数据分析发现,同一回击的通道温度随高度的增加略呈减小趋势。     

陕西八卦庙金矿石英标型特征研究

八卦庙金矿的石英可分为3期，即早期近EW向顺层脉、中期NE向节理脉和晚期缓倾斜切脉。X光衍射分析表明，石英的日胞参数、晶胞体积及有关衍射强度比值（I101/I100）和石英的Au的含量相关关系不明显，但总体上有关晶胞参数值较一般标准石英的要大；不同标高石英的晶胞参数表现为脉动式的变化。另外，从成矿早期到晚期；c0/a0和I101/I100值随温度降低而有所降低，石英薄片红外光谱研究结果表明，石英包裹体中H2O的相对光密度D1/D0值除一个样品较小（0.32)外，其斜 均在1.23-4.77，平均2.3143。总体上Au含量较高的石英其H2O和CO2的相对光密度D1/D0和D2/D0值也具相对较高的趋势；并且D1/D0和D2/D0具有密切的正相关关系，相关系数为0858。这种同步增长说明H2O和CO2气液丰富有利于Au的矿化定集，标高相差150 m样品的H2O和CO2的相对光密度值未发生显著变化且无意含Au性较好的信息说明八卦庙金矿深部的矿化前景依然不错。     

一个新的宝石矿物--草莓红"绿柱石"的振动谱学特征

高铯草莓红“绿柱石”是一种新的宝石矿物,利用振动谱学-傅立叶红外光谱和拉曼光谱研究了此矿物中水在隧道结构中的状态,发现三方晶系的草莓红“绿柱石”的振动谱学特征与其它绿柱石有区别,红外光谱中Si-O伸缩振动峰位于1039cm^-1,两个强度近于相同的Ⅱ型水特征伸缩振动吸收峰位于3591cm^-1和3545cm^-1,认为与隧道中含高Cs离子有关,其特征拉曼谱峰为1120cm^-1和1096cm^-。     

基于高光谱数据提取水体叶绿素a浓度的混合光谱模型

从模型的精度和稳定性方面,与传统的经验模型比较显示,利用原始数据的一阶微分数据进行叶绿素a浓度混合光谱模型反演最佳。最后,以此模型对三种不同年份测量的地面高光谱数据进行了叶绿素a浓度的提取。实验结果表明混合光谱模型可以作为遥感监测水体叶绿素a含量的定量模型。     

滇黔桂地区低温矿床有机成矿流体及与矿化的关系

对矿石中单个有机包裹体的荧光、红外光谱研究表明：本区低温矿床成矿流体中含有有机质，以成熟或过成熟的芳香族化合物为主，含有一定量的脂肪烃。一定量的有机质进入成矿流体，可能是造成本区低温矿床与油气富集区在区域尺度上相合、在矿床尺度上分离的原因，说明有机质在矿质活化、迁移和沉淀过程中起了一定的作用。     

三角帆蚌贝壳珍珠层中类胡萝卜素的激光拉曼光谱研究

三角帆蚌贝壳珍珠层及养殖珍珠的拉曼光谱中除由文石矿物引起的拉曼峰外，还可观察到明显的由全反式结构的类胡萝卜素引起的1132cm^-1(C-C单键的伸缩振动）和1527cm^-1(C=C双键的伸缩振动）两个拉曼峰，根据类胡萝卜素的拉曼光谱特征推断其分子中的C＝C双键的数目为10。珍珠层中类胡萝卜素的相对浓度与珍珠层的颜色密切相关，在同一贝壳中从壳后端至壳顶，其相对浓度逐渐变小。对贝壳珍珠层中类胡萝卜素的研究可为珍珠漂白及在食品、化妆品等领域的应用提供科学的依据。     

滇西哀牢山变质杂岩中含石墨岩石的变形-变质温度、构造特征及流变弱化意义

前人研究表明石墨化作用与变质温度具有良好的相关性,同时室内摩擦实验研究认为少量石墨就能够有效地降低断层摩擦阻力,进而被认为对断层弱化起着重要的固体润滑作用而开始受到大家的关注。但是由于技术手段的限制,我们对天然断裂带中含石墨岩石的宏观-微观构造、变形机制、变形-变质环境以及对岩石流变行为的贡献仍然还不是很清楚。本文在详细的野外地质观测的基础上结合室内实验分析,对新生代红河-哀牢山走滑断裂带内哀牢山深变质杂岩东南侧边界发育的含石墨岩石开展了深入的研究。其中主要侧重利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)以及拉曼光谱(Raman Spectra)技术方法和手段,对宏观及显微构造变形行为、石墨拉曼温度、矿物晶格优选定向(LPO)以及其变形-变质环境进行了综合分析。结果表明,含石墨岩石显微构造特征表现为典型的塑性到超塑性流动构造特征,通过石墨拉曼光谱地质温度计,获得了哀牢山杂岩东部边界与上盘未变质岩石接触的含石墨岩石变形-变质的石墨拉曼温度为462～505℃;而靠近深变质岩含石墨岩石的石墨拉曼温度在511～529℃。基质中强烈细粒化的石墨、石英及长石具有明显的晶格...     

基于反距离加权和克里格插值的S-A多重分形滤波对比研究

本文以铜陵矿集区土壤Cu元素含量数据为例,对比研究反距离加权插值法和克里格插值法对S-A多重分形滤波的影响。与单纯的反距离加权插值和克里格插值结果相比,无论是基于反距离加权插值还是克里格插值,多重分形滤波(S-A)方法分解得到的铜陵矿集区Cu元素异常场对已知Cu矿田的指示均更加准确。基于克里格插值结果的异常场相比于基于反距离加权插值结果的异常场,具有更好的异常识别效果,与铜陵矿集区已知Cu矿床分布的空间相关性更加显著,具有矿田尺度的成矿预测价值。