Geochemical and Geophysical Data Processing Aided by“Multifractal-Spectrum”Filters for GIS-Based Mineral Exploration

The commonesttask in m ineral exploration is to separateanomalies to reflect distinct geochemical processes (and geo-physical objects) such as m ineralization of various types.Thispaper introduces the recently- developed“multifractal- spec-trum”filters(MSF) for separating various types of geochemi-cal and geophysical anomalies from their the background basedon the distributions of their two- dimensional power spectra(Cheng et al.,1999) . The processing of lake- sediment geo-chemical data an…     

四川平武雪宝顶绿柱石的振动光谱

自然界中绿柱石晶体多为柱状,具板状晶形的绿柱石非常少见。对产 于四川雪宝顶 云英岩晶洞中的无色透明板状绿柱石及产于雪宝顶蒲口坡石英脉中的绿柱石进行了红外和拉 曼光谱分析,并与产于阿尔泰三号伟晶岩脉中的柱状绿柱石进行了比较。雪宝顶两个绿柱 石的结构通道中的水以II型水为主,而阿尔泰绿柱石结构通道中的水以I型水为主。雪宝顶 绿柱石中Li对Be的替换也对它的红外及拉曼光谱造成了影响。     

过去200 ka北半球δ18O海温谱及其数值模拟

冰期和间冰期交替循环是第四纪古气候变化的基本特征,大洋底部沉积物中的有孔虫δ＾１８Ｏ记录表明了这种循环具有约１００ｋａ,４１ｋａ和２３ｋａ等几个主主要周期成分,它们均位于Ｍｉｌａｎｋｏｖｉｔｈｃ频率带上,用δ＾１８Ｏ记录恢复的海温谱不仅随纬度变化,而且冷季与暖之间存在着明显的差别,用一个由海、冰、气耦合的二维气候模式出了δ＾１８Ｏ海温谱的主要特征,在一定程度上检验了Ｍｉｌａｎｋｏｖｉｔｃｈ的天文古     

Wave height statistical characteristic analysis

When exploring the temporal and spatial change law of ocean environment, the most common method used is using smaller-scale observed data to derive the change law for a larger-scale system. For instance, using 30-year observation data to derive 100-year return period design wave height. Therefore, the study of inherent self-similarity in ocean hydrological elements becomes increasingly important to the study of multi-year return period design wave height derivation. In this paper, we introduced multifractal to analyze the statistical characteristics of wave height series data observed from oceanic hydrological station. An improvement is made to address the existing problems of the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) method, where trend function showed a discontinuity between intervals. The improved MFDFA method is based on signal mode decomposition, replacing piecewise polynomial fitting used in the original method. We applied the proposed method to the wave height data collected at Chaolian Island, Shandong, China, from 1963 to 1989 and was able to conclude the wave height sequence presented weak multi-fractality. This result provided strong support to the past research on the derivation of multi-year return period design wave height with observed data. Moreover, the new method proposed in this paper also provides a new perspective to explore the intrinsic characteristic of data.     

Hydrocarbon micro-seepage detection from airborne hyper-spectral images by plant stress spectra based on the PROSPECT model

Hydrocarbon micro-seepage can result in vegetation spectral anomalies. Early detection of spectral anomalies in plants stressed by hydrocarbon micro-seepage could help reveal oil and gas resources. In this study, the origin of plant spectral anomalies affected by hydrocarbon micro-seepage was measured using indoor simulation experiments. We analyzed wheat samples grown in a simulated hydrocarbon micro-seepage environment in a laboratory setting. The leaf mesophyll structure (N) values of plants in oil and gas micro-seepage regions were measured according to the content of measured biochemical parameters and spectra simulated by PROSPECT, a model for extracting hydrocarbon micro-seepage information from hyper-spectral images based on plant stress spectra. Spectral reflectance was simulated with N, chlorophyll content (C_ab), water content (C_w) and dry matter content (C_m). Multivariate regression equations were established using varying gasoline volume as the dependent variable and spectral feature parameters exhibiting a high rate of change as the independent variables. We derived a regression equation with the highest correlation coefficient and applied it to airborne hyper-spectral data (CASI/SASI) in Qingyang Oilfield, where extracted information regarding hydrocarbon micro-seepage was matched with known oil-producing wells.     

Structure, room-temperature magnetic and optical properties of Mn-doped TiO2 nano powders prepared by the sol-gel process

TiO₂ nano powders with Mn concentration of 0 at%-12 at% were synthesized by the sol-gel process, and were annealed at 500 ℃ and 800 ℃ in air for 2 hrs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements indicate that the Mn-TiO₂ nano powders with Mn concentration of 1 at% and 2 at% annealed at 500 and 800 ℃ are of pure anatase and rutile, respectively. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations reveal that the crystal grain size increases with the annealing temperature, and the high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) investigations further indicate that the samples are well crystallized, confirming that Mn has doped into the TiO₂ crystal lattice effectively. The room temperature ferromagnetism, which could be explained within the scope of the bound magnetic polaron (BMP) theory, is detected in the Mn-TiO₂ samples with Mn concentration of 2 at%, and the magnetization of the powders annealed at 500 ℃ is stronger than that of the sample treated at 800 ℃. The UV-VIS diffuse reflectance spectra results demonstrate that the absorption of the TiO₂ powders could be enlarged by the enhanced trapped electron absorption caused by Mn doping.     

多重分形方法在涡旋遥感信息处理提取中的应用研究

目前提取遥感影像中的涡旋信息主要用边缘探测技术,例如Canny算子和Hough算子等,然而由于涡旋信息和遥感影像本身的复杂性和模糊性,用传统的方法不能取得理想的提取结果.基于多重分形技术,利用海洋涡旋信息的物理特征时空形态的自相似性来提取涡旋,用NASA MODIS,Sea WiFS和NOAA在典型海区如边界流的卫星影像进行试验,研究结果表明,用多重分形方法获取的涡旋信息非常有利于对海洋涡旋的深刻认识和分析研究.     

浙江南部近海春季鱼类群落结构特征及其年际变化

根据2016年和2020年5月在浙江南部近海采集的渔业资源调查资料,采用相对重要性指数、Bray-Curtis聚类和相似性百分比SIMPER分析、生物量谱及ABC曲线等方法,分析该水域春季鱼类群落结构特征及其稳定性的年际变化。结果显示:(1)2016年春季共捕获鱼类65种,优势种为带鱼Trichiurus lepturus、七星底灯鱼Benthosema pterotum和鳀Engraulis japonicus,而2020年春季共捕获鱼类30种,优势种为七星底灯鱼和带鱼;(2)通过聚类分析发现,2016和2020年春季鱼类群落空间格局相似,均可划分为南、北群落;(3)通过SIMPER分析,2016年春季南部群落典型种为二长棘鲷Evynnis cardinalis、龙头鱼Harpadon nehereus和鳀,北部群落典型种为龙头鱼,群落间的分歧种为带鱼;2020年南部群落典型种为七星底灯鱼,北部群落典型种为镰鲳Pampus echinogaster和小黄鱼Larimichthys polyactis,群落间的分歧种为带鱼、镰鲳和小黄鱼;(4)基于生物量谱分析,2016年和2020年春季鱼类标准生物量谱的斜率均小于-1,表明生物量均随个体平均体质量的增加而减少;(5)ABC曲线结果表明,2016年春季鱼类群落处于中等干扰状态(W=-0.22),而2020年春季鱼类群落则处于严重干扰状态(W=-0.09);(6) 经RDA排序分析,2016年和2020年春季影响鱼类群落分布的主要环境因子均为表层水温、盐度和水深。综上所述,浙江南部近海的鱼类年际变化为鱼类种类显著下降,群落特征种更替明显,群落受外界干扰影响加剧。     

强天气过程中近地面层风速的非线性动力学特征

强天气过程中大气边界层不同尺度运动之间存在强烈的相互作用,这种相互作用使得近地层风速的变化表现出很强的非线性,风速的非线性特征可以用近代非线性物理中奇异性、大偏差和多重分形等特征量来刻划.作者研究了两次沙尘暴和一次冷锋时期超声风温仪观测资料的这些特征.4组资料奇异指数的概率分布基本一致,只有最强的奇异性存在差异.但最大风速的奇异性并不是最强的.风速的大偏差特征表明,不同时间长度相同的风速时间序列中出现某种极值的概率几乎不变,而大偏差谱能反映不同天气系统影响的差异,天气系统越强,越能维持涡旋运动规律不变.     

A study of dissipation of wind-waves by mud at Cassino Beach,Brazil: Prediction and inversion

The impact of a non-rigid seafloor on the wave climate at Cassino Beach, Brazil, May–June 2005 is studied using field measurements and a numerical wave model. The measurements consist of wave data at four locations; rheology and mud thickness from grab samples; and an estimate of the horizontal distribution of mud based on echo-soundings. The dissipation of waves by a non-rigid bottom is represented in the wave model by treating the mud layer as a viscous fluid. Applied for 431 time periods, the model without this type of dissipation has a strong tendency to overpredict nearshore wave energy, except during a period of large storm waves. Two model variations which include this dissipation have a modest tendency to underpredict the nearshore wave energy. An inversion methodology is developed and applied to infer an alternate mud distribution which, when used with the wave model, yields the observed waveheights.