基于WiFi和WSN的室内外混合定位研究

充分考虑不同数据源在变化场景下的数据差异性和行人在导航定位服务中的空间认知习惯,提出了一种融合可视地标与不可视地标的行人相对定位方法。利用基于传感器复合证据理论的方法构建目标路径的不可视地标（如磁场变化、WiFi更新等）,检测GoPro Fusion设备获取的全景影像中的视觉显著的可视地标及其与采样点间的相对空间方位属性;根据行人实时获取的传感器数据和地标方位信息分别推估行人在目标路径中可能停留的路段区域;采用贝叶斯概率融合方法融合可视地标与不可视地标数据进行行人定位结果推估。实验结果表明,融合多源数据可以解决单一场景下行人定位精度不足的问题。在传感器特征较少的单一场景下,与基于不可视地标的行人定位方法相比,该方法的精度提升了12.78%。     

频率-波数域递推计算海底多分量地震记录中的反射系数

在频率-波数域中采用解析法,解出多层条件下海底实测的多分量地震数据分解成上行和下行P波和S波的算法,导出海底各层地震反射系数随入射角变化(简称RVA)的递推计算公式,为海底多波多分量AVO弹性参数的反演及流体因子预测提供基础数据.合成数据的计算结果表明,本文给出的算法能较可靠地从海底多波多分量记录中提取RVA信息.     

黔西比德-三塘向斜煤层气藏特征及甜点区段

黔西比德-三塘向斜煤层气藏主要赋存于龙潭组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ 3个煤组中,其中Ⅰ煤组6#和7#煤层、Ⅱ煤组16#和17#煤层、Ⅲ煤组20#、23#、27#、30#煤层分布稳定。煤层埋深受向斜构造控制明显,比德次向斜近轴部地区可达1500 m;煤岩以高变质的瘦煤、贫煤和无烟煤为主,最大镜质体反射率自西向东、由北到南逐渐增大;煤岩对甲烷吸附能力普遍较高（兰氏体积,18.32~39.32 m3/t）,区域上受煤变质程度影响显著;原位埋深条件下,煤岩渗透率较低,煤层含气量整体较高,平均10~15.78 m3/t,含气饱和度普遍大于50%。结合该地区多层合采效果发现,比德次向斜埋深超过800 m的气井产气效果差,珠藏和三塘次向斜煤层气开发地质条件较好,其中珠藏向斜Ⅲ煤组4套主力煤层（煤层间距小于60 m）为潜在的高产优质储层。     

一种锚固力无损检测设备

设计制作了一套通过适时监测与分析锚杆受力后的力与位移关系曲线,并加以智能判别和预警,来实现锚杆极限锚固力无损检测的设备。实际应用证明,该设备既能准确测定锚固体系的极限锚固力,又不会破坏锚杆结构体系。     

成人肝脏未分化胚胎性肉瘤影像学表现

目的：探讨成人肝脏未分化胚胎性肉瘤（UESL）的CT/MRI表现及病理对照分析。资料与方法：回顾性分析经手术切除并病理证实的UESL 5例患者临床和影像学资料。结果：5例病灶均单发,4例位于肝右叶,1例同时累及肝左右叶。CT/MRI表现为边界模糊的囊实性肿块,囊壁见结节状、不规则软组织密度/信号影,内见厚壁不均分隔,CT平扫呈低密度,内见大片状液化、坏死,MRI平扫呈长T1长T2信号改变,CT/MRI增强扫描壁结节、软组织成分及囊内分隔呈轻度渐进性强化。结论：成人UESL影像表现有一定的诊断价值,有助于提高术前诊断准确率。     

A multi‐proxy record of changing environments from ca. 30 000 to 9000 cal. a BP: Onepoto maar palaeolake,Auckland, New Zealand

We present a high‐resolution record of lacustrine sedimentation spanning ca. 30 000 to 9000 cal. a BP from Onepoto maar, northern North Island, New Zealand. The multi‐proxy record of environmental change is constrained by tephrochronology and accelerator mass spectrometric ¹⁴C ages and provides evidence for episodes of rapid environmental change during the Last Glacial Coldest Period (LGCP) and Last Glacial–Interglacial Transition (LGIT) from northern New Zealand. The multi‐proxy palaeoenvironmental record from Onepoto indicates that the LGCP was cold, dry and windy in the Auckland region, with vegetation dominated by herb and grass in a beech forest mosaic between ca. 28 500 and 18 000 cal. a BP. The LGCP was accompanied by more frequent fires and influx of clastic sediment indicating increased erosion during the LGCP, with a mid‐LGCP interstadial identified between ca. 25 000 and 23 000 cal. a BP. Rapid climate amelioration at ca. 18 000 cal. a BP was accompanied by increased terrestrial biomass exemplified by the expansion of lowland podocarp forest, especially Dacrydium cupressinum. Increasing biomass production is reversed briefly by LGIT perturbations which are apparent in many of the proxies that span ca. 14 000–10 500 cal. a BP, suggesting generally increased wetness and higher in situ aquatic plant productivity with reduced terrestrial organic matter and terrigenous detrital influx. Furthermore, conditions at that time were probably warmer and frosts rare based on the increasing importance of Ascarina. The subsequent early Holocene is characterised by podocarp conifer forest and moist mild conditions. Postglacial sea‐level rise breached the crater rim and deposited 36 m of estuarine mud after ca. 9000 cal. a BP. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Estimation of near surface soil moisture in a sloping terrain of a Himalayan watershed using ENVISAT ASAR multi‐incidence angle alternate polarisation data

Soil moisture is one of the important input variables in hydrological and water erosion models. The extraction of information on near surface soil moisture from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is well established mostly for flat terrain and using low incidence angle single polarisation data. The ENVISAT advanced SAR (ASAR) data available in multiple incidence angles and alternate polarisation modes were investigated in this study for soil moisture estimation in sloping terrain. The test site was Sitla Rao watershed in the Lesser Himalayas of northern India. Empirical models were developed to estimate near surface soil moisture in bare agricultural fields using alternate polarisation ASAR data. Both soil moisture and surface roughness field measurements were performed during the satellite passes. Backscatter from medium incidence angle (IS‐4) and vertical‐vertical (VV) polarisation signal is correlated better with volumetric soil moisture content compared to other incidence angles. The model parameters were further improved, and soil moisture estimation was refined by combining medium incidence angle (IS4) vertical‐horizontal polarisation response as another variable along with VV polarisation response. The effect of slope on the radar backscatter was minimized by incorporating local incidence angles derived from an ASTER DEM. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Efficient estimation of flood forecast prediction intervals via single‐ and multi‐objective versions of the LUBE method

Prediction intervals (PIs) are commonly used to quantify the accuracy and precision of a forecast. However, traditional ways to construct PIs typically require strong assumptions about data distribution and involve a large computational burden. Here, we improve upon the recent proposed Lower Upper Bound Estimation method and extend it to a multi‐objective framework. The proposed methods are demonstrated using a real‐world flood forecasting case study for the upper Yangtze River Watershed. Results indicate that the proposed methods are able to efficiently construct appropriate PIs, while outperforming other methods including the widely used Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Tensionless–frictionless interaction of flexible annular foundation with a transversely isotropic multi‐layered half‐space

A transversely isotropic multi‐layered half‐space, with axis of material symmetry perpendicular to the free surface, supports a flexible either annular or solid circle foundation. The contact area of the foundation and the half‐space is considered to be both frictionless and tensionless. The foundation is assumed to be affected by a vertical static axisymmetric load. Detailed analysis of the interaction of these two systems with different thickness of layers is the target of this paper. With the use of ring load Green's functions for both the foundation and the continuum half‐space, an integral equation accompanied with some inequalities is introduced to model the complex BVP. With the incorporation of ring‐shape FEM, we are capable of capturing both regular and singular solution smoothly. The validity of the combination of the analytical and numerical method is proved with comparing the results of this paper with a number of benchmark cases of both linear and nonlinear interaction of circular and annular foundation with half‐space. Some new illustrations are presented to portray the aspect of the anisotropy and layering of the half‐space. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Multi‐temporal scale changes of streamflow and sediment load in a loess hilly watershed of China

Global climate change and diverse human activities have resulted in distinct temporal–spatial variability of watershed hydrological regimes, especially in water‐limited areas. This study presented a comprehensive investigation of streamflow and sediment load changes on multi‐temporal scales (annual, flood season, monthly and daily scales) during 1952–2011 in the Yanhe watershed, Loess Plateau. The results indicated that the decreasing trend of precipitation and increasing trend of potential evapotranspiration and aridity index were not significant. Significant decreasing trends (p < 0.01) were detected for both the annual and flood season streamflow, sediment load, sediment concentration and sediment coefficient. The runoff coefficient exhibited a significantly negative trend (p < 0.01) on the flood season scale, whereas the decreasing trend on the annual scale was not significant. The streamflow and sediment load during July–August contributed 46.7% and 86.2% to the annual total, respectively. The maximum daily streamflow and sediment load had the median occurrence date of July 31, and they accounted for 9.7% and 29.2% of the annual total, respectively. All of these monthly and daily hydrological characteristics exhibited remarkable decreasing trends (p < 0.01). However, the contribution of the maximum daily streamflow to the annual total progressively decreased (?0.07% year^?1), while that of maximum daily sediment load increased over the last 60 years (0.08% year^?1). The transfer of sloping cropland for afforestation and construction of check‐dams represented the dominant causes of streamflow and sediment load reductions, which also made the sediment grain finer. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.