森林航空摄影比例尺和森林判读像片放大倍数的研究

为了确定森林航空摄影的最佳比例尺和波段以及判读像片的放大倍数,我们在广东省南昆山林业遥感试验场,测定了地物光谱,拍摄了不同比例尺的多光谱片和彩色红外片,进行了内业判读、野外检测和综合分析。本文讨论了航空摄影机、胶片、地物光谱反射系数和摄影位移等因素对像片分辨力的影响,用经验关系式估算了南昆山像片的影像分辨力,阐述了内业判读和实地检测的情况。试验表明,在所试验的波长附围内绿波段表达森林影像的效果最佳,用于森林判读的影像分辨力宜放大到3.5线/毫米,若用新型航空摄影机和高分辨力胶片,则用于森林资源调查分类判读的像片比例尺可缩小到1:4.8万。     

澜沧—耿马地震前地震熵异常研究

本文将地震系统作为开放系统进行研究,认为系统和外界有物质和能量的交流,导致孕震区滑向不稳定的非平衡态,然后在各种涨落扰动下发生地震。本文研究1988年澜沧——耿马地震、1976年龙陵、宁蒗地震、1974年昭通地震、1970年通海地震孕震区,得到大震孕育调整模型,大震前地震开放系统熵值曲线变化特征,可作为大震预报指标应用于日常监测工作中。     

On the use of maximum entropy/autoregressive spectrum in harmonic analysis of time series

The maximum entropy (ME) spectrum, or its equivalent form of the autoregressive (AR) spectrum, has been used as a tool for harmonic analysis of time series in geophysics. This paper critically examines its usage in estimating the amplitude and the exponential decay rate of a harmonic function. The argument is based upon Prony's relation, which relates a complex-conjugate pair of poles for the AR model of the time series on one hand, to the complex frequency of one harmonic component in the time series on the other. It is found that: (i) the ME spectrum can be used as an estimator for the decay rate in a way similar to the Fourier spectral analysis; (ii) the ME spectrum contains no information whatsoever about the amplitude, contrary to what has been claimed and practiced in geophysical applications.     

Computer estimation of intensities: The 1985 Berhida,Hungary, earthquake

In this paper a computerized method for the intensity estimation from macroseismic observations is presented. The successive steps of the MSK intensity scale (2° to 10°) receives weights according to the observations marked on the earthquake questionnaires. These weights are summed for the individual scale steps. The distribution of these summed weights and their relation to an experimentally chosen function of the criterion make it possible to estimate the appropriate intensity value and its reliability. By computer evaluation of earthquake reports an objective comparison of estimated intensities given by different seismologists can be made, provided that uniform earthquake questionnaires are used. The application of this method will result in more homogeneous intensity data.     

论现代历史地理学的时间特性

历史地理学的发展经历了漫长的时间历程,现代历史地理学的研究具有动态的,整个人类发展过程有以及“过去”、“现在”和“未来”统一的历史时间观念。现代历史地理学的时间系统包括精确时间与模糊时间,动态时间和静态时间,自然时间与社会的时间等。     

AN E – ε – ℓ TURBULENCE CLOSURE SCHEME FOR PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER MODELS: THE NEUTRALLY STRATIFIED CASE

The standard E – model generates aplanetary boundary layerthat appears to be much too deep. The cause of theproblem is traced to the equation for the dissipationrate () of turbulent kinetic energy (E), specifically theparameterization of dissipation production anddestruction. In the context of atmosphericboundary-layer modelling, we argue that a part of thedissipation production should be modelled as the inputto the spectral cascade from the energy-containingpart of the spectrum, with a characteristic length , while the equilibrium imbalancebetween local production and destruction ofdissipation is modelled as proportional toE2/E, as in the standard model. Wepropose an E – – turbulence closurescheme, in which both the mixing length, m, and are prescribed. The importance ofthe equation is diminished, though itstill determines the dissipation rate in the Eequation.     

FACILITATING REGIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH INTEGRATED MULTI-OBJECTIVE UTILIZATION, MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES IN THE LANCANG-MEKONG RIVER BASIN

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京津冀城市群城市化质量综合评价研究

通过构建城市化发展质量评价指标体系,基于熵值法对京津冀城市群城市化发展质量进行评价,并借助耦合协调度模型对城市化发展质量和城市化水平的协调性进行分析,最终划分出京津冀城市群城市化综合质量类型。结果表明:1)从城市化发展质量所处阶段看,北京已进入后期完善阶段,天津则属于优化提升阶段,河北所有城市还处在低质量阶段。2)北京、天津的城市化发展质量和城市化水平为初级协调阶段,石家庄、唐山、秦皇岛、廊坊属于濒临失调阶段,其余城市为轻度失调阶段。3)北京、天津为高发展质量-初级协调城市,石家庄、唐山、秦皇岛、廊坊为低发展质量-濒临失调城市,其余城市为低发展质量-轻度失调城市。     

对城市公共信息导向识别系统中冗余信息研究

城市公共信息导向识别系统是围绕城市公共空间和公共场所的信息传播,是城市信息传播的符号载体,具有着导向指示、视觉识别、信息传达和文化传播等多方面功能。本文将以城市公共信息导向识别系统为主要研究对象,分析冗余信息在城市公共信息导向识别系统中的构成因素。另外,笔者认为城市公共信息导向识别系统中的冗余信息分为有效冗余和无效冗余,两者的存在各有其因,它们对于导向识别系统中的信息传播有着重要的影响。