Yanshanian Magma-Tectonic-Metallogenic Belt in East China of Circum-Pacific Domain (Ⅰ):Igneous Rocks and Orogenic Processes

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岩石空心圆柱扭剪仪试验能力

针对自行研制的岩石空心圆柱扭剪仪可独立控制4个加载参数（轴力、扭力、内围压和外围压）的功能,通过数学和力学分析,系统地整理出几种易于实现且符合实际工程的应力路径及加载方式：在轴力与内围压满足一定关系的前提下,可以获取岩石的抗拉强度,提供一种新型测量岩石抗拉强度的方法;通过控制内外围压及轴力,可以进行常规三轴试验与真三轴试验,克服了现阶段岩石真三轴试验中试验装置复杂、试样加载面摩擦大的缺点;在轴力与内、外围压分别满足一定关系时,可以分别实现平均应力p不变与中主应力系数b不变的应力路径,用于研究应力主轴旋转对岩石力学性质的影响。上述应力路径的实现对岩石力学性质的研究以及现阶段岩石室内试验的发展具有重要意义。     

衬砌隧道中移动轴向激励作用下两相多孔介质动力响应

为了研究衬砌隧道中地铁振动在饱和地层中的传播情况,采用移动轴向激励模拟技术,建立了隧道-衬砌-两相介质的动力分析模型;利用波函数展开法、傅里叶变换法等,推导了频域内衬砌隧道移动轴向激励作用下两相多孔介质动力响应的解析解,并给出了两相多孔介质临界速度的经验公式;通过离散快速傅里叶逆变换得到了时-空域内两相介质的动力响应。结果表明：无衬砌隧道中移动的轴向常激励作用下,两相介质临界速度只与介质的剪切模量和密度有关,且数值接近其剪切波速的1.1倍;对于衬砌隧道,介质的临界速度随着衬砌剪切模量的增大而增大,随着衬砌密度的增大而减小,衬砌对振动向介质中的传播有一定的削弱作用,衬砌剪切模量与介质剪切模量相差越大,削弱越明显;动力响应频率越接近激振频率,其幅值越大,所对应的临界速度越小。     

卸荷-增孔压条件下花岗岩残积土的力学特性

建（构）筑物因土中孔隙水压力升高而失稳破坏的情形屡见不鲜,常剪应力增孔压试验是相关研究的常用手段,但迄今鲜见考虑施工期开挖卸荷影响的试验研究。为探究初始卸荷对花岗岩残积土增孔压过程力学行为的影响,在常规增孔压试验中增加了初始卸荷阶段,开展了一系列考虑初始卸荷程度和卸荷滞时影响的卸荷-增孔压试验,分析土体变形、屈服和强度特性的初始卸荷效应与卸荷滞时效应,并与常规增孔压试验结果对比以揭示初始应力路径的影响。试验结果表明：增孔压过程的变形发展具有明显的阶段性,土体屈服后因其剪胀潜势和变形迅速而产生负超静孔压增量,有效平均应力转而增大;初始卸荷对增孔压过程土体力学性能具有明显的劣化作用,表现为刚度与屈服强度均随初始卸荷程度的增大而衰减;与被动压缩这种“加荷”式应力路径相比,初始卸荷的不利影响更为显著;土体力学性能的劣化随卸荷滞时的增长而加剧;屈服摩擦角随初始卸荷程度的增大逐渐减小,但始终大于临界状态摩擦角。     

基于裂隙扩展的多级岩质边坡开挖卸荷破坏路径分析

开挖卸荷作用下裂隙岩体边坡的破坏模式与路径分析是边坡工程灾害研究的热点之一,准确识别边坡的潜在破裂路径对工程安全施工和支护优化设计具有重要意义。依据断裂扩展分析方法,将裂隙扩展判别的理论方法开发并应用于数值模拟分析中,通过裂隙尖端应力强度因子计算、裂隙扩展模式识别、裂隙起裂角演算、裂隙扩展交汇等技术实现了岩体中断续裂隙的起裂、扩展与贯通演化过程的快速模拟;以某高速公路沿线裂隙岩体路堑边坡为对象,采用提出的模拟方法分析了多级开挖卸荷作用下坡体裂隙的扩展机制与边坡的破坏路径。结果表明：裂隙岩体边坡从上至下多级开挖过程中,坡肩裂隙首先起裂,并通过拉张型扩展逐渐发展为优势裂隙;随着边坡下挖,优势裂隙沿坡面向下逐步发生拉张/剪切混合型扩展并与既有裂隙交汇,在边坡中上部形成阶梯状扩展破坏路径;裂隙扩展至边坡下部及坡脚后扩展模式由拉张/剪切混合型转化为剪切型,并最终以弧形剪切面从坡脚出露。研究揭示了裂隙岩体边坡多级开挖卸荷作用下上部阶梯状拉张/剪切混合型破裂-下部弧形剪切型破裂的复合破坏模式,可为边坡工程支护设计和施工稳定性控制提供新思路。     

Analytical solutions for Euler–Bernoulli beam on visco‐elastic foundation subjected to moving load

Analytical solutions for the steady‐state response of an infinite beam resting on a visco‐elastic foundation and subjected to a concentrated load moving with a constant velocity are developed in this paper. The beam responses investigated are deflection, bending moment, shear force and contact pressure. The mechanical resistance of the foundation is modeled using two parameters k_s and t_s — k_s accounts for soil resistance due to compressive strains in the soil and t_s accounts for the resistance due to shear strains. Since this model represents the ground behavior more accurately than the Winkler spring model, the developed solutions produce beam responses that are closer to reality than those obtained using the existing solutions for Winkler model. The dynamic beam responses depend on the damping present in the system and on the velocity of the moving load. Based on the study, dynamic amplification curves are developed for beam deflection. Such amplification curves for deflection, bending moment, shear force and contact pressure can be developed for any beam‐foundation system and can be used in design. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Petrology and Geochronology of Granulites from the McKaskle Hills, Eastern Amery Ice Shelf, Antarctica, and Implications for the Evolution of the Prydz Belt

A combined petrological and geochronological study was carriedout on mafic granulites and associated felsic gneisses fromthe McKaskle Hills, eastern Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica.Garnet-bearing mafic granulites exhibit reaction textures andexsolution textures that indicate two-stage metamorphic evolution.Thermobarometric estimates from matrix and symplectite assemblagesyield peak and retrograde P–T conditions of 9·0–9·5kbar and 880–950°C and 6·6–7·2kbar and 700–750°C, respectively. Similar but slightlyscattered peak P–T estimates of 7·9–10·1kbar and 820–980°C are obtained from the core compositionsof minerals from felsic para- and orthogneisses. Evidence forthe prograde history is provided by muscovite inclusions ingarnet from a paragneiss. Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobeU–Pb zircon dating reveals an evolutionary history forthe granulites, including a mafic and felsic igneous intrusionat 1174–1019 Ma, sedimentation after 932–916 Ma,and a high-grade metamorphism at 533–529 Ma. In contrast,Sm–Nd mineral–whole-rock dating mainly yields asingle age population at 500 Ma. This suggests that the McKaskleHills form part of the Prydz Belt, and that the relatively highpeak P–T conditions and a decompression-dominated P–Tpath for the rocks resulted from a single Cambrian metamorphiccycle, rather than two distinct metamorphic events as formerlyinferred for the granulites from Prydz Bay. The age data alsoindicate that the Precambrian history of the McKaskle Hillsis not only distinct from that of the early Neoproterozoic terranein the northern Prince Charles Mountains, but also differentfrom that of other parts of the Prydz Belt. The existence ofmultiple basement terranes, together with considerable crustalthickening followed by tectonic uplift and unroofing indicatedby the clockwise P–T–t evolution, suggests thatthe Prydz Belt may represent a collisional orogen that resultedin the assembly of Gondwana during the Cambrian period. KEY WORDS: Mesoproterozoic basement; Cambrian metamorphism; P–T path; Prydz Belt; East Antarctica     

双轴压缩条件下绿片岩的蠕变规律研究

在锦屏二级水电站辅助洞绿片岩的双轴压缩蠕变试验结果的基础上,研究了应力路径对双轴压缩蠕变变形的影响。结果表明:当侧向应力相同时,随着轴向应力的增加,轴向稳态蠕变阶段的变形速率逐渐增加;当轴向应力相同时,随着侧向应力的增加,轴向稳态蠕变阶段的变形速率逐渐减小。     

南阿尔金巴什瓦克基性麻粒岩的变质演化P-T-t轨迹

大陆碰撞造山带中高压麻粒岩的P-T-t轨迹研究对于理解造山带的热演化历史及大陆地壳的形成与演化具有重要的意义,然而,如何连接同位素年龄与变质演化过程是恢复和建立P-T-t轨迹的重点和难点。本文通过对南阿尔金巴什瓦克地区基性麻粒岩的详细岩相学研究,认为该基性麻粒岩经历了原岩阶段(M1)、峰期变质阶段(M2)、峰后退变质阶段(M3)以及晚期角闪岩相-绿片岩相退变质阶段(M4)。其中,传统矿物温压计和矿物微量元素温压计获得该基性麻粒岩所记录的峰期变质条件分别为17.5～22.6 kbar,901～985℃和17～28 kbar,1012～1049℃,退变质阶段的温压条件为7.6～10.7 kbar,750～810℃。此外,锆石U-Pb年代学结果表明基性麻粒岩的变质时代为491±3.5 Ma (MSWD=0.62),结合锆石和石榴子石的微量元素分配系数以及前人的实验岩石学数据,认为该变质时代记录了早古生代高压-超高温的变质事件,进而恢复了南阿尔金基性麻粒岩所记录的顺时针P-T-t轨迹。     

空心圆柱仪模拟列车荷载下土中应力路径能力分析

土体作为各向异性散粒体材料,其动力特性依赖于所处的应力路径。列车荷载下地基土在最大剪应力空间呈心形线旋转应力状态,但目前还未见室内试验中模拟心形线应力路径的相关研究。首先提出了土体动力响应解的简化拟合形式,并通过典型列车荷载作用下地基土所受应力特征分析验证了该简化形式的合理性。针对目前国际上已有的3类空心圆柱仪（HCA）,推导出模拟列车荷载下地基土应力特征的加载方式：（1）双向振动HCA可通过确定轴力和扭矩的应力形式来实现心形线应力路径加载,此时球应力p的变化规律与轴力的加载波形一致,中主应力系数b在内、外压相等时呈余弦变化规律;（2）三向振动HCA在模拟列车荷载下的应力特征时,可以保持p不变或b恒为0.5;（3）四向振动HCA能够通过控制轴力、扭矩和内、外压的共同变化来较全面地模拟列车荷载下土单元体的应力特征,并可实现b为任意合理值且保持不变的前提下p、q之间保持恒定线性关系。并推导了3类HCA的加载参数在正应力均以压应力为主及中主应力方向维持在直径方向时的约束条件。