典型山区居民生活水平评价及空间差异——以四川省凉山州为例

通过建立城乡居民生活水平评价指标体系,以西南山区的四川省凉山州彝族自治州为例,运用主成分分析法,分别计算出各县(市)城乡居民综合生活水平指数、农村居民生活水平指数和城镇居民生活水平指数,并将其划分成较高、中等和较低三级。通过空间自相关模型分析发现,县域居民生活水平表现出较强的空间聚集性,空间差异明显;相对于城镇居民生活水平而言,农村居民生活水平空间聚集特征更加明显。造成凉山州城乡居民生活水平空间差异的原因有:1.少数民族人口的空间分布。县域城乡居民综合生活水平、农村居民生活水平与其少数民族人口比例呈高度负相关。2.地理资源的空间分布。凉山州地理资源条件较好的安宁河流域的"五县一市"城乡居民综合生活水平指数和农村居民生活水平指数均高于其他县域。3.农村居民生活水平的空间差异更加明显。凉山州城乡居民综合生活水平的空间差异主要体现为农村居民生活水平的空间差异。随后,对提高山区居民生活水平特别是农村居民生活水平,促进其区域协调发展的相关政策措施进行了简单探讨。     

山体效应及其对林线分布的影响(英文)

The concept of mass elevation effect(massenerhebungseffect,MEE) was intro-duced by A.de Quervain about 100 years ago to account for the observed tendency for temperature-related parameters such as tree line and snowline to occur at higher elevations in the central Alps than on their outer margins.It also has been widely observed in other ar-eas of the world,but there have not been significant,let alone quantitative,researches on this phenomenon.Especially,it has been usually completely neglected in developing fitting mod-els of timberline elevation,with only longitude or latitude considered as impacting factors.This paper tries to quantify the contribution of MEE to timberline elevation.Considering that the more extensive the land mass and especially the higher the mountain base in the interior of land mass,the greater the mass elevation effect,this paper takes mountain base elevation(MBE) as the magnitude of MEE.We collect 157 data points of timberline elevation,and use their latitude,longitude and MBE as independent variables to build a multiple linear regres-sion equation for timberline elevation in the southeastern Eurasian continent.The results turn out that the contribution of latitude,longitude and MBE to timberline altitude reach 25.11%,29.43%,and 45.46%,respectively.North of northern latitude 32°,the three factors’ contribu-tion amount to 48.50%,24.04%,and 27.46%,respectively;to the south,their contribution is 13.01%,48.33%,and 38.66%,respectively.This means that MBE,serving as a proxy indi-cator of MEE,is a significant factor determining the elevation of alpine timberline.Compared with other factors,it is more stable and independent in affecting timberline elevation.Of course,the magnitude of the actual MEE is certainly determined by other factors,including mountain area and height,the distance to the edge of a land mass,the structures of the mountains nearby.These factors need to be included in the study of MEE quantification in the future.This paper could help build up a high-accuracy and multi-scale elevation model for alpine timberline and even other altitudinal belts.     

平原湖区抑螺防病林池杉生长规律的研究

通过对血吸虫病重疫区江汉平原池杉抑螺防病林进行观测调查和树干解析,研究探讨了平原湖区池杉的树高、胸径和材积生长规律,并建立了随年龄变化的数学模型。池杉树高早期生长快,20a之后增长速度明显下降,连年生长量和平均生长量在15a左右相交。胸径生长以4～14a最为迅速,连年生长量和平均生长量均呈先升后降趋势并在12～14a相交。材积平均生长量在前24a一直呈上升趋势,连年生长量在22a时达到最大。材积生长率和形数随树龄增加而逐渐减小,形数在6a后趋于稳定。应根据池杉生长规律,科学营建抑螺防病林,实现综合效益最大化。     

Atmospheric Angular Momentum Transport and Balance in the AGCM-SAMIL

NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and the spectral atmospheric general circulation Model (AGCM) of IAP/LASG (SAMIL) are employed to investigate the transport and balance of atmospheric angular momentum (AAM). It is demonstrated that SAMIL depicts the general features of the AAM transport and balance reasonably well. The AAM sources are in the tropics and sinks are in the mid-latitudes. The strongest meridional transport occurs in the upper troposphere. The atmosphere gains westerly momentum and transports it upward in the areas of surface easterlies, and downward into the areas of surface westerlies. Consequently, AAM balance is maintained. Systematic biases of the model compared to the reanalysis and observations are revealed. Possible mechanisms for these biases are investigated. In SAMIL, the friction torque in the tropics is stronger compared to the observations, which is probably due to the excessive precipitation along the Inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ) in the model, since the simulated Hadley circulation is much stronger than observed. In the winter half of the year, the transport center is in the lower troposphere in the SAMIL model, but it is in the upper troposphere in the reanalysis and observations. These discrepancies also suggest that simulations of convection and tropical precipitation need to be improved and that higher resolution is necessary for a quantitative simulation of AAM transport and balance. Results also demonstrate that the analysis of the transport and balance of atmospheric angular momentum is a powerful tool in diagnosing climate models for potential improvement.     

Temporal and Spatial Distributions of the Spring Persistent Rains over Southeastern China

The spring persistent rains (SPR) over southeastern China (SEC) is a synoptic and climatic phenomenon that is unique in East Asia. Su cient evidence proves that it results from the mechanical and thermal effects of the giant Tibetan Plateau (TP), but its temporal span and spatial distribution are not clear at present.A climatological analysis of the NCEP/NCAR circulation and sensible heat data shows that at the 13th pentad of the solar year (1st pentad of March) there are remarkable increases in the sensible heating over the main and southeastern part of the TP, the southwesterly velocity over the southeastern flank of the TP and SEC, and rainfall over SEC, indicating the onset of the SPR.However, after the 27th pentad of the solar year (3rd pentad of May), these variables, except for the sensible heating over the main part of the TP, decrease rapidly. The ridge line of the subtropical high in the mid-low troposphere over the South China Sea (SCS) slopes northward instead of southward as before. The rain belt center over SEC shifts to the SCS and the SCS monsoon breaks out, indicating the end of the SPR. Hence, it is reasonable to define the SPR temporal span from the 13th to 27th pentad of the solar year. Data analysis and numerical sensitivity experiments show that, although the warm and cold airs converge at about 30°N in the SPR period, the distribution and intensity of the SPR rain belt are obviously in influenced by the topography of the Nanling and Wuyi Mountains (NWM). The mountains can block and lift cold and warm airs, strengthening frontogenesis and rainfall. As a result, the axis of the SPR rain belt is superposed over that of the mountain range. Accordingly, the spatial distribution of the SPR extends over most of the SEC, more speci cally, to the south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (30°N), and to the east of 110°E.     

基于GIS的信息量法及其地质灾害易发性评价应用——以滇中晋宁县为例

地质灾害易发性评价是地质灾害评价工作的基础,是地质灾害研究的重点。以往地质灾害易发性分区评价大部分依据专家的主观经验,从而导致评价结果具有较大的随意性。本文利用研究区实际调查资料,选取地形地貌、工程地质岩组、地质构造、水文地质条件、人类工程活动等参评因子,利用信息量模型在基于GIS的平台对空间数据进行自动叠加分析,得出各影响因子综合影响下的客观的易发性分区结果,然后结合专家的主观经验,经定性与定量综合分析,对分区结果进行进一步的修正,可实现对地质灾害易发性的科学评价。选取晋宁县作为示例区的应用结果与国土资源大调查中的评价结果基本一致,证实该方法切实可行,并具有广泛的推广应用价值。     

西藏沙莫棍巴地区资源潜力遥感综合预测研究

文章以西藏自治区沙莫棍巴地区为研究区,针对高寒山区的自然地理条件,利用ETM＋多光谱遥感数据,在充分分析遥感影像特征的基础上,参考已有的区域地质矿产资料,对研究区的地层、岩体、含矿层位、控矿构造和蚀变带（体）进行了遥感地质解译,以及资源潜力综合预测研究,提出了7处找矿预测区,为该区尽快开展地质矿产勘查工作,提高找矿效率,提供了科学依据和目标地。     

南水北调中线工程水源区老鹳河流域农业非点源污染关键源区识别

识别关键源区可以为非点源污染的优先管理和控制提供决策依据。本次研究以南水北调中线工程水源区老鹳河流域为研究区,比较全面地考虑了氮磷流失的主要影响因素,建立了老鹳河流域农业非点源污染关键源区识别模型,进行流域农业非点源污染风险评价和污染关键源区识别。结果表明,流域内处于高风险区以上的地区占流域总面积的13.4%,主要分布于老鹳河中上游地区,相对集中分布于老鹳河干流及其支流沿河地区,零星分布于西峡境内东部和北部局部,为该流域地表水环境农业非点源污染的关键源区。其中,污染风险最高的区域只占流域总面积的3.75%,可划定为重点关键源区进行重点治理,同时应兼顾污染风险次之的区域。基于GIS的指标体系法能够快速而方便地识别流域非点源污染高风险区域并量化污染风险大小,从宏观上掌握非点源污染的空间分布特征并实施有效管理和治理。     

红层地下水富集规律

通过分析在山地丘陵区控制红层地下水富集的岩性、地质构造及地形地貌等主要地质因素,论证了红层地下水富集的水文地质特征,认为富水块段的形成通常并不是仅仅由某一因素单独决定的,而是岩性、地质构造及地形地貌等地质因素共同作用的结果,而这些因素的组合具有明显的规律性。进而根据水文地质及环境地质调查研究成果及丰富的实践经验,归纳总结了反映红层地下水富集的水文地质因素组合的基本规律。