10月份赤道东太平洋的海温与青岛汛期降水

历年１０月东太平洋赤道附近的海温变化与来年初夏（６月）西太平洋副高脊线位置呈明显的反相关;其海温的年际变化对于青岛地区来年汛期降水具有敏感的指示意义。     

倾斜涡度的发展与云南冬季强降水

应用倾斜涡度发展理论,对云南的一次冬季强降水天气进行诊断分析。结果表明：强降水发生在θｅ 陡立密集区内;倾斜涡度发展和条件性对称不稳定是形成强降水的重要因子;大气的弱位势稳定和强斜压性有利于云南冬季强降水的发生。     

长江中下游降水异常特征及其与全国降水和气温异常的关系

利用１９５１－１９９８年中国１６０站逐月降水和气温资料,分析了长江中下游降水异常的基本特征,并着重分析了它与全国其他地区降水和气温异常的关系。结果表明：长江中下游降水异常有明显的季节,年际和年代际变化特征、６－７月降水异常程度大,频数多,以７月为最;在近４８年中,该地区的降水异常表现为３个明显不同的气候时段,可选出１０个涝年和８个旱年。     

初夏北半球500hPa遥相关型特征及与我国降水的关系

对１９５１－１９９８年初夏５００ｈＰａ高度场作单点遥相关、并重点分析１９９１－１９９８年我国初夏旱涝与遥相关型的关系。结果显示;除１９９２年以外,初夏的大涝和大旱都与东亚太平洋型,黄河东亚型的异常有关,而１９９８年东北地区的涝还与异常强的ＷＡ型有关。     

天文准19年周期与西北降水

从天体运行周期角度分析发现,月亮等天体运行存在显著的准１９年周期。相应对年际气候变化有重要影响的厄尔尼诺事件也有准１９年周期,每１９年出现４～５个厄尔尼诺事件。在月赤纬最大值谷点年附近,西北区容易出现春旱;在月赤纬最大值峰点年附近,西北区春雨正常偏多     

云南5月降雨量与前期季节内振荡活动相互关系的分析研究

云南地处低纬高原,受南亚季风影响,其5月降雨量的多寡基本表征了这一地区雨季开始的早晚,对该地区的农业生产有着重要的影响,本文利用TBB（黑体辐射温度）资料及云南地区的降水资料,分析研究了该地区5月降雨量与前期印度洋赤道地区季节内振荡活动的关系。分析结果表明,冬季印度洋赤道地区季节内振荡活动的强弱与次年5月云南地区的降雨量有着密切的联系,即,当冬季印度洋赤道地区季节内振荡活动较强时,次年云南地区5月降雨量较常年偏多;反之,则偏少。     

Negative ions in the auroral mesosphere during a PCA event around sunset

This is a study of the negative ion chemistry in the mesosphere above Tromsø using a number of EISCAT observations of high energy proton precipitation events during the last solar maximum, and in particular around sunset on 23 October, 1989. In these conditions it is possible to look at the relative importance of the various photodetachment and photodissociation processes controlling the concentration of negative ions. The data analysed are from several UHF GEN11 determinations of the ion-plasma ACF together with the pseudo zero-lag estimate of the ‘raw’ electron density, at heights between 55 km and 85 km, at less than 1 km resolution. The power profiles from the UHF are combined with the 55-ion Sodankylä model to obtain consistent estimates of the electron density, the negative ion concentrations, and the average ion mass with height. The neutral concentrations and ion temperature are given by the MSIS90 model. These parameters are then used to compare the calculated widths of the ion-line with the GEN11 determinations. The ion-line spectrum gives information on the effects of negative ions below 70 km where they are dominant; the spectral width is almost a direct measure of the relative abundance of negative ions.     

Preliminary study on radiocarbon AMS dating of pollen

17 samples were collected from aeolian and lacustrine profiles within the environment sensitive zone of the Loess Plateau, and an experimental method was established which is suitable for pollen extraction from aeolian sediment. A comparative study of pollen dating was carried out using the accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS)¹⁴C dating of known age samples, and then an experiment with the pollen concentrates was performed. The results indicate that pollen that has been deposited simultaneously with sediment in a stable environment can provide reliable ages. This technique will provide a way of improving the chronological framework for the Loess Plateau since the late Pleistocene. The^I4c dating was combined with field investigations, and from the geological record within this zone, evidence was extracted of four major monsoon precipitation changes during the transition from the late Pleistocene to Holocene. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 49894170, 49725308), Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nos. KZ-951-A1-402& KZ-952-S1-419), and State Committee of Science and Technology of China.     

Annual and Seasonal Variations of the Sea Surface Heat Fluxes in the East Asian Marginal Seas

Based on the twice-daily marine atmospheric variables which were derived mostly from the weather maps for 18 years period from 1978 to 1995, the surface heat flux over the East Asian marginal seas was calculated at 0.5°×0.5° grid points twice a day. The annual mean distribution of the net heat flux shows that the maximum heat loss occurs in the central part of the Yellow Sea, along the Kuroshio axis and along the west coast of the northern Japanese islands. The area off Vladivostok turned out to be a heat-losing region, however, on the average, the amount of heat loss is minimum over the study area and the estuary of the Yangtze River also appears as a region of the minimum heat loss. The seasonal variations of heat flux show that the period of heat gain is longest in the Yellow Sea, and the maximum heat gain occurs in June. The maximum heat loss occurs in January over the study area, except the Yellow Sea where the heat loss is maximum in December. The annual mean value of the net heat flux in the East/Japan Sea is −108 W/m² which is about twice the value of Hirose et al. (1996) or about 30% higher than Kato and Asai (1983). For the Yellow Sea, it is about −89 W/m² and it becomes −75 W/m² in the East China Sea. This increase in values of the net heat flux comes mostly from the turbulent fluxes which are strongly dependent on the wind speed, which fluctuates largely during the winter season. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

夏季怒江流域水汽输送多支特征及对降水影响

基于高空间分辨率0.25°的ERA-Interim再分析资料、TRMM 3B43 Version7数据、气象站点实测数据等多源数据,本文采用一种新的流域边界水汽通量概化和提取方法,揭示了夏季怒江流域水汽输送多支特征,并分析了其对降水时空分异的影响。研究表明,在高黎贡山南部、北部,伯舒拉岭北部及念青唐古拉山中部,有4支区域性水汽输送高值区,多年平均输送通量分别达102.6 kg/(m·s)、66.3 kg/(m·s)、39.7 kg/(m·s)和41.3 kg/(m·s)。多支水汽输送不仅深刻影响流域水汽输送格局,而且对降水时空分异也有不同程度影响。年际变化上,中下游横断山区水汽输送对降水的影响较小,上游青藏高原区影响较大,尤其以那曲—比如—索县一带影响最为显著。空间分布上,流域降水与水汽输送通量呈显著正相关,受多支水汽输送影响形成多个区域性多雨带。