C波段调频连续波天气雷达探测系统及观测试验

对降水云更高时、空分辨率观测资料的需求推动了天气雷达技术的发展,调频连续波雷达(FMCW)系统采用收发分置双天线体制,采用数字直接移相(DDS)技术和快速傅里叶变换(FFT)信号处理技术,获取高度分辨率达到15、30 m,探测周期2—3 s的回波功率谱分布和谱参数,具有脉冲多普勒雷达无法比拟的探测优势。C波段FMCW(C-FMCW)雷达最小可测信号功率达到-170 dBm,微弱信号的定量标校是技术难点。采用标准信号源输出单频信号,经过数字直接移相扩展为与雷达系统相同扫频范围信号,得到最小输入功率可达-169.77 dBm的定标曲线,由定量标校后的谱分布计算得到回波强度谱密度分布。该雷达于2013年6月起在安徽定远开始观测,利用8月24日降水过程探测数据,与距离该地48 km的蚌埠和83 km的合肥SA扫描雷达观测数据,分别进行对流云与层状云的观测比对分析。对于均匀分布的层状降水云,C-FMCW雷达与SA雷达探测结果基本接近, C-FMCW雷达与蚌埠SA雷达的平均均方根误差为1.75 dB,与合肥SA雷达的平均均方根误差为2.02 dB,C-FMCW雷达与两部SA雷达探测的回波强度差异小于1 dB。对观测试验谱参数及回波强度谱密度分布进行了初步分析,C-FMCW雷达在研究降水云体的相态分区、晴空大气边界层回波等方面有较好的应用前景,有助于加深对强降水云中垂直运动的强烈变化的探测和认识。     

长清M4.1地震前区域小震调制比异常分析

研究山东内陆地区2008年以来1级以上小震的月相调制效应,并结合地震b值变化进行分析。结果表明,2020-02-18长清M4.1地震前该区存在低b值、高调制比异常,计算综合节面解P轴方位偏转发现,其与小震b值的低值变化时段非常一致。研究区6次4 级以上地震前,有4次出现异常,调制比≥0.33;而2011年和2016年2次范县地震前未出现异常,可能与范县小震集中区受采油作用影响有关。     

太阳射电尖峰爆的非线性调制过程

本文论述了在太阳射电尖峰爆中研究观测量之间统计关系的重要性。并在非线性参量稳定性模型的基础上，给出尖峰爆中尖峰出现重复率Ｒ与爆发流量密度ｓ及尖峰的调制幅度△ｓ与ｓ之间统计关系的理论预期。Ｒ－Ｓ统计关系的理论预期与观测结果符合得很好。     

The effect of wave breaking on surface wave imaging by Synthetic Aperture Radar

The effect of ocean wave breaking as a non-Bragg mechanism on backscattering cross-section and modulation transfer functions （MTF） of radar was investigated based on Bragg resonance theory and parametric method. The result showed that the additional effect of wave breaking on backscattering cross-section is not more than 20% except for the small incident angle of VV polarized electromagnetic （e.m.） wave but is significant for HH polarized e.m. wave. Breaking waves lead to increase in the modulus of tilt modulation MTF and the larger the wind speed, the faster the increase. For large incident angle, the modulus of tilt modulation MTF with wave breaking decreases quickly with incident angle for HH polarization and approach to that without wave breaking for VV polarization. The hydrodynamic MTF increases 30%-60% when considering wave breaking and the increase is larger for HH polarization than for VV polarization.     

全球巨震的天文背景

分析了全球8．5M以上巨震的天文背景，分析结果表明，这些巨震大都发生在处于月亮轨道运动所对应的地震活跃期的地震带区，太阳活动的下降段与地球自转的加速期。这是就天文因素的长周期变化而言。对于天文因素的短周期变化，无论是对于地方时，地方恒星时与月相，都有集中发生在某一段时间的现象；对于地球自转的短周期变化更是比较明显，要么发生在其变化最快时期，要么发生在其变化的最慢时期。这一切都表明，这些地震的发生是受天文因素的影响的。天文因素是外界发震动力之一，长周期变化的天文因素可能是对地震的孕育、发展与发生起着调制作用，而短期变化的天文因素则是当其作用于远离平衡态的发震构造上时，引起系统的巨涨落，从而诱发地震。     

一种拓展的半物理时空融合算法及其初步应用

Landsat 5卫星较低的时间分辨率(16天)使得其很难获得大区域的、时相一致的清晰影像数据集。本文发展了一种基于半物理模型的时空融合算法-即乘性调制融合算法,并借助多时序的MODIS反射率数据来生成多时相的Landsat TM/ETM+反射率合成影像,经镶嵌后得到区域尺度的高时空分辨率地表反射率数据集(Landsat TM/ETM+)。本文利用吉林省2006年—2011年的Landsat 5 TM地表反射率数据以及500 m的MOD09A1反射率产品来生成3个时相的Landsat 5 TM反射率合成数据,从而获得研究区在上述时相下地表反射率数据的镶嵌图。初步分析表明,所生成的Landsat 5 TM反射率数据的光谱分布特征与MOD09A1反射率数据较为一致,且图像在整体上光谱特征的连续性较好。     

B码应用深入探讨

在介绍B码构成与原理的基础上,分析了B码时统典型应用实例,针对B码应用中常见的无法跨年和闰秒、B码中断与恢复时存在时间错误、受扰时间跳变、交流B码幅度与调制比受限等问题,提出了B码版本切换与软件跨年及闰秒、强制守时、解码容错、交流B码数控幅度与调制比等解决方法。工程实践表明：这些方法可有效解决B码应用中遇到的对应问题,有效提高了B码时统的稳定性和可用性,具有很好的实用价值。     

Non-stationary response of structures excited by random seismic processes with time variable frequency content

Seismic random processes are characterized by high non-stationarity and, in most cases, by a marked variability of frequency content. The hypothesis modeling seismic signal as a simple product of a stationary signal and a deterministic modulation function, consequently, is hardly ever applicable. Several mathematical models aimed at expressing the recorded process by means of a system of stationary random processes and deterministic amplitude and frequency modulations are proposed. Models oriented into the frequency domain with subsequent response analysis based on integral spectral resolution and models oriented into the time domain based on the multicomponent resolution are investigated. The resolution into individual components (non-stationary signals) is carried out by three methods. The resolution into intrinsic mode functions seems to possess the best characteristics and yields results almost not differing from the results obtained by stochastic simulation. An example of the seismic response of an existing bridge obtained by two older models and three variants of multicomponent resolution is given.     

应用小震调制比方法对山西地区中强震预测

采用小震调制比对山西地区的地震活动趋势进行研究,得知未来3年内可能于1999年到2000年前后在太原盆地南端和大同盆地南端发生5．5～6．0级中强震。     

Model approximation of cosmic ray spectrum

An analytical model which generalizes the equations describing the intensity of galactic cosmic rays (CR), including both processes, making it applicable in the inner heliosphere (where energy losses dominate) and outer heliosphere (influenced primarily by convection-diffusion processes) is derived. By a suitable choice of a parameter, the proposed model turns into two approximations: solution close to “force-field” model (describing the energy losses of CR in the inner heliosphere) and “convection-diffusion” equation (giving the reduction of CR intensity in the outer heliosphere). A mathematical relation between parameters in the proposed model and the modulation parameter Φ is derived.