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991.
992.
JOSÉ F. GARCÍA-HIDALGO JAVIER GIL MANVEL SEGURA CARMEN DOMÍNGUEZ† 《Sedimentology》2007,54(6):1245-1271
The Late Cenomanian–Mid Turonian succession in central Spain is composed of siliciclastic and carbonate rocks deposited in a variety of coastal and marine shelf environments (alluvial plain–estuarine, lagoon, shoreface, offshore‐hemipelagic and carbonate ramp). Three depositional sequences (third order) are recognized: the Atienza, Patones and El Molar sequences. The Patones sequence contains five fourth‐order parasequence sets, while a single parasequence set is recognized in the Atienza and El Molar sequences. Systems tracts can be recognized both in the sequences and parasequence sets. The lowstand systems tracts (only recognized for Atienza and Patones sequences) are related to erosion and sequence boundary formation. Transgressive systems tracts are related to marine transgression and shoreface retreat. The highstand systems tracts are related to shoreface extension and progradation, and to carbonate production and ramp progradation. Sequences are bounded by erosion or emergence surfaces, whose locations are supported by mineralogical analyses and suggest source area reactivation probably due to a fall in relative sea‐level. Transgressive surfaces are subordinate erosion and/or omission surfaces with a landward facies shift, interpreted as parasequence set boundaries. The co‐existence of siliciclastic and carbonate sediments and environments occurred as facies mixing or as distinct facies belts along the basin. Mixed facies of coastal areas are composed of detrital quartz and clays derived from the hinterland, and dolomite probably derived from bioclastic material. Siliciclastic flux to coastal areas is highly variable, the maximum flux postdates relative sea‐level falls. Carbonate production in these areas may be constant, but the final content is a function of changing inputs in terrigenous sediments and carbonate content diminishes through a dilution effect. Carbonate ramps were detached from the coastal system and separated by a fringe of offshore, fine‐grained muds and silts as distinct facies belts. The growth of carbonate ramp deposits was related to the highstand systems tracts of the fourth‐order parasequence sets. During the growth of these ramps, some sediment starvation occurred basinwards. Progradation and retrogradation of the different belts occur simultaneously, suggesting a sea‐level control on sedimentation. In the study area, the co‐existence of carbonate and siliciclastic facies belts depended on the superimposition of different orders of relative sea‐level cycles, and occurred mainly when the second‐order, third‐order and fourth‐order cycles showed highstand conditions. 相似文献
993.
惠民凹陷沙一中湖相碳酸盐与陆源碎屑混合沉积——以山东商河地区为例 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
商河地区沙一中广泛发育陆源碎屑与湖相碳酸盐的混合沉积。本文将混积层系、混积岩和呈零星分布的一起定义为广义的混合沉积,并且对于混合沉积来讲,没有一个具体的组分含量标准,只要该沉积物(岩)的确为陆源碎屑与碳酸盐的沉积,而非成岩作用或以后改造的假混合就可认定为混合沉积。研究区内混合沉积特征为陆源碎屑与湖相碳酸盐以较高的频率交互沉积和同一岩层内陆源碎屑组分与碳酸盐组分混合沉积,混合沉积的类型分为三类,即渐变式混合沉积、突变式混合沉积和复合式混合沉积,其中复合式沉积分为复合式沉积Ⅰ和复合式沉积Ⅱ,研究区内复合式沉积Ⅰ发育,复合式沉积Ⅱ不发育。并且本文从研究区混合沉积的区域地质背景、岩石学特征、沉积环境等方面进行了详细分析,建立了混合沉积相模式,进而对混合沉积的控制因素进行了讨论。 相似文献
994.
采用有机地球化学方法对牛庄—八面河地区混源油问题进行了研究。将来自沙三段成熟源岩的牛庄油田原油和来自沙四段源岩的八面河油田原油作为端元,通过伽马蜡烷含量/C30藿烷与藿烷/甾烷交会图、重排单芳甾/C27βS单芳甾比值和芳香甾含量交会图等方法,尝试计算了原油的混合比。计算结果显示从牛庄洼陷向八面河地区沙四段来源油的比例逐渐增加且两种方法计算的混合比一致。牛庄洼陷中心以沙三段来源油占绝对优势,八面河斜坡区则是以沙四段来源油为主,而王家岗地区则二者兼而有之。 相似文献
995.
新疆尾亚地区石英二长闪长岩的岩浆混合成因 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:5
新疆东天山的尾亚钒钛磁铁矿矿区,在花岗岩中含有大量闪长岩包体,而且花岗岩与闪长岩相互包裹、渗透,并在花岗岩与闪长岩接触带形成二者混合的产物——岩浆混合岩。通过野外特征、岩相学和矿物成分对比,发现矿区中部的石英二长闪长(斑)岩体与岩浆混合岩完全相同,表明该岩体系岩浆混合成因。各类参与岩浆混合作用岩石的岩相学和矿物学表现出典型的岩浆混合作用特征。矿物不平衡组构主要有:钾长石的更长环斑结构、斑晶的环边结构、针状磷灰石发育、暗色矿物的聚晶团块、岩浆混合岩中出现钾长石"变晶"等等。各类岩石中斜长石和角闪石的主要氧化物成分对SiO_2(%)表现出类似全岩哈克图解的线性关系。主要造岩矿物的化学成分以及钾长石巨晶的化学成分剖面,反映出本区岩浆混合作用有化学混合的参与。黑云母的化学成分表明,本区岩浆混合为以壳慢混源为基础的混合作用。 相似文献
996.
应用混合变量法求解了矩形板在均匀谐载作用下的受迫振动问题,给出了三边固定一边自由矩形板在均匀谐载作用下的受迫振动的稳态解。所获得的计算结果,不仅具有重要的理论价值。而且可以为工程实际直接采用。 相似文献
997.
The main modes of interannal variabilities of thermocline and sea surface wind stress in the tropical Pacific and their interactions are investigated,which show the following results.(1) The thermocline anomalies in the tropical Pacific have a zonal dipole pattern with 160°W as its axis and a meridional seesaw pattern with 6-8°N as its transverse axis.The meridional oscillation has a phase lag of about 90° to the zonal oscillation,both oscillations get together to form the El Ni?o/La Ni?a cycle,which be-haves as a mixed layer water oscillates anticlockwise within the tropical Pacific basin between equator and 12°N.(2) There are two main patterns of wind stress anomalies in the tropical Pacific,of which the first component caused by trade wind anomaly is characterized by the zonal wind stress anomalies and its corresponding divergences field in the equatorial Pacific,and the abnormal cross-equatorial flow wind stress and its corresponding divergence field,which has a sign opposite to that of the equatorial region,in the off-equator of the tropical North Pacific,and the second component represents the wind stress anomalies and corresponding divergences caused by the ITCZ anomaly.(3) The trade winds anomaly plays a decisive role in the strength and phase transition of the ENSO cycle,which results in the sea level tilting,provides an initial potential energy to the mixed layer water oscillation,and causes the opposite thermocline displacement between the west side and east side of the equator and also between the equator and 12°N of the North Pacific basin,therefore determines the amplitude and route for ENSO cycle.The ITCZ anomaly has some effects on the phase transition.(4) The thermal anomaly of the tropical western Pacific causes the wind stress anomaly and extends eastward along the equator accompanied with the mixed layer water oscillation in the equatorial Pacific,which causes the trade winds anomaly and produces the anomalous wind stress and the corresponding divergence in favor to conduce the oscillation,which in turn intensifies the oscillation.The coupled system of ocean-atmo-sphere interactions and the inertia gravity of the mixed layer water oscillation provide together a phase-switching mechanism and interannual memory for the ENSO cycle.In conclusion,the ENSO cycle essentially is an inertial oscillation of the mixed layer water induced by both the trade winds anomaly and the coupled ocean-atmosphere interaction in the tropical Pacific basin between the equator and 12°N.When the force produced by the coupled ocean-atmosphere interaction is larger than or equal to the resistance caused by the mixed layer water oscillation,the oscillation will be stronger or maintain as it is,while when the force is less than the resistance,the oscillation will be weaker,even break. 相似文献
998.
Implementation of a Single-Column Model for Fog and Low Cloud Forecasting at Central-Spanish Airports 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Operations at Central-Spanish airports are often, especially in winter, affected by visibility reduction. The Instituto Nacional de Meteorología (INM), the Spanish Weather Service, has developed a single-column model (SCM) in order to improve short-term forecasts of
fog, visibility and low-clouds. The SCM, called H1D, is a one-dimensional version of the HIRLAM limited-area model. It is
operationally run for three airports in the region: Madrid-Barajas, Almagro and Albacete-Los Llanos. Since SCMs cannot deal
with horizontal heterogeneity, the terms that depend on the horizontal structure of the atmosphere are estimated from the
outputs of the three-dimensional (3-D) model and introduced into the SCM as external forcings. The systematic analysis of
the meteorological situations has evidenced the existence of a close relationship between fog formation and the presence of
drainage winds in the region. Since the 3-D model docs not have the necessary resolution to correctly simulate the main features
of the drainage flow caused by the complex topography in the proximity of Madrid-Barajas, it cannot provide the SCM with the
correct forcings. This problem has been partially overcome through the introduction of a module that, under certain conditions,
substitutes the values computed from the 3-D model outputs by others that are based on a conceptual model of the phenomenon
and have been empirically derived from climatological knowledge. This module improves the H1D verification scores for the
basic meteorological variables—wind, temperature and humidity—and reduces the false alarm rate in fog forecast. 相似文献
999.
Trond Mannseth 《Computational Geosciences》2007,11(1):59-72
We consider discretization on quadrilateral grids of an elliptic operator occurring, for example, in the pressure equation
for porous-media flow. In a realistic setting – with non-orthogonal grid, and anisotropic, heterogeneous permeability – special
discretization techniques are required. Mixed finite element (MFE) and multipoint flux approximation (MPFA) are two methods
that can handle such situations. Previously, a framework for analytical comparison of MFE and MPFA in special cases has been
suggested. A comparison of MFE and MPFA-O (one of two main variants of MPFA) for isotropic, homogeneous permeability on a
uniformly distorted grid was also performed. In the current paper, we utilize the suggested framework in a slightly different
manner to analyze and compare MFE, MPFA-O and MPFA-U (the second main variant of MPFA). We reconsider the case previously
analyzed. We also consider the case of generally anisotropic, homogeneous permeability on an orthogonal grid. 相似文献
1000.