非开挖施工建模的现状和前景

讨论了非开挖施工主要级别的建模：微隧顶管、HDD和夯管锤，并通过微隧顶管建模的过程说明定位于稳定性与鲁棒性理论、多体动力学理论的必然趋向，以及建模工作将会成为非开挖产业文化的一部分，将推动非开挖产业的发展，并由高端基础研发达到市场份额占有的目的。     

Online test using displacement–force mixed control

This paper proposes an online test technique that employs mixed control of displacement and force. Two types of mixed control, ‘displacement–force combined control’ and ‘displacement–force switching control’ are proposed. In displacement–force combined control, one jack is operated by displacement‐control, and another is operated by force‐control. Validity of the combined control technique is demonstrated by a series of online tests applied to a base‐isolated structure subjected to horizontal and vertical ground motions simultaneously. The substructuring technique is employed in the tests, and the base‐isolation layer is tested, with the rest of the structure modeled in the computer. Displacement‐control and force‐control were adopted for simulating the horizontal and vertical response, respectively. Both displacement‐ and force‐control were implemented successfully despite interference between the two jacks. Earthquake responses of the base‐isolated structure involving the effects of varying axial forces on the horizontal hysteretic behavior of the base‐isolation layer were simulated. In the displacement–force switching control, the jack was operated by displacement‐control when the test specimen was flexible but switched to force‐control once the specimen became stiff. Validity of the switching control technique was also checked by a series of online tests applied to the base‐isolated structure subjected to vertical ground motions. Switching between displacement‐control and force‐control was achieved when the axial force applied to the base‐isolation layer changed from tension to compression or from compression to tension. Both the displacement‐ and force‐control were successful even with many rounds of switching. The test revealed that large accelerations occurred on the floor immediately above the base‐isolation layer at the instants when the axial force of the base‐isolation layer changed from tension to compression. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Tracing magnetic helicity from the solar corona to the interplanetary space

On October 14, 1995, a C1.6 long duration event (LDE) started in active region (AR) NOAA 7912 at approximately 5:00 UT and lasted for about 15 h. On October 18, 1995, the Solar Wind Experiment and the Magnetic Field Instrument (MFI) on board the Wind spacecraft registered a magnetic cloud (MC) at 1 AU, which was followed by a strong geomagnetic storm. We identify the solar source of this phenomenon as AR 7912. We use magnetograms obtained by the Imaging Vector Magnetograph at Mees Solar Observatory, as boundary conditions to the linear force-free model of the coronal field, and, we determine the model in which the field lines best fit the loops observed by the Soft X-ray Telescope on board Yohkoh. The computations are done before and after the ejection accompanying the LDE. We deduce the loss of magnetic helicity from AR 7912. We also estimate the magnetic helicity of the MC from in situ observations and force-free models. We find the same sign of magnetic helicity in the MC and in its solar source. Furthermore, the helicity values turn out to be quite similar considering the large errors that could be present. Our results are a first step towards a quantitative confirmation of the link between solar and interplanetary phenomena through the study of magnetic helicity.     

A NUMERICAL MODEL OF MIXED CONVECTIVESTRATIFORM CLOUD

A 2-D slab-symmetric model of mixed convective-stratiform cloud is developed bysuperimposing convective cloud-size field on the convergence field,in order to simulate and studythe mixed clouds consisting of stratiform cloud and convective cloud.A deep convective,anelasticand conservative system of equations with basic variables(V,θ,π')is solved by a new method tocalculate dynamic field.The water substance in the cloud is divided into 6 categories and themicrophysical processes are described in spectrum with two variable parameters and morereasonable particle number/size distributions.To compare with measured radar echo intensity andstructure,the model may calculate echo intensity of the model cloud observed by radar.     

成矿物质来源的定量判别方法的探讨

热液矿床的成矿物质往往具有多来源性。因此，定量判别不同来源矿质的量比关系，从而正确地识别矿床的主要成矿物质来源和成因机制，是现代矿床学研究的关键性问题之一。本文给出了三元混合模式的同位素－成矿元素的比值型判别方法，并给出了金银和萤石矿床成矿物原来源的定量判别应用实例。     

On the observed synoptic variability in the thermal structure of the upper northern Bay of Bengal during MONEX-79

The short-term variability observed in the near surface meteorological parameters and in the vertical thermal structure of the upper layers of the northern Bay of Bengal during a weak monsoonal regime is examined with the aid of time series measurements. The variability of the mixed layer depth is interpreted in terms of forced mixing caused by the surface wind stress and free mixing by buoyancy flux, Ekman pumping controlled by the curl of the surface wind stress, convergence associated with a clockwise gyral circulation and stratification caused by freshwater discharges from rivers. The daily-averaged current vectors in the upper layers indicate the presence of clockwise gyral circulation in the polygon area.     

On Rossby wave propagation in a meridionally stratified channel

Rossby wave propagation in the presence of a nonseparable Brunt-Väisälä frequency,N(y,z), and the associated geostrophic zonal flow,U(y,z), is examined in this paper. The usual quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity equation only includes vertical variations in Brunt-Väisälä frequency (i.e.N(z)). We derive a linearised quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity equation which explicitly includesN(y, z), where variations inN may occur on the internal Rossby radius length scale. A mixed layer distribution that monotonically deepens in the poleward direction leads to a nonseparableN(y,z). The resulting meridional pressure gradient is balanced by an eastward zonal geostrophic flow.By assuming mixed layer depth changes occur slowly, relative to a typical horizontal wavelength of a Rossby wave, a local analysis is presented. The Rossby wave is found to have a strongly modulated meridional wavenumber,l, with amplitude proportional to |l|^–1/2. To elucidate whether the modulations of the Rossby wave are caused by the horizontal variations inN orU we also consider the cases where eitherN orU vary horizontally. Mixed layer depth changes lead to largestl where the mixed layer is deepest, whereasl is reduced in magnitude whereU is nonzero. When bothU(y,z) andN(y,z) are present, the two effects compete with one another, the outcome determined by the size of |c|/U _max, wherec is the Rossby wave phase speed. Finally, the slowly varying assumption required for the analytical approach is removed by employing a numerical model. The numerical model is suitable for studying Rossby wave propagation in a rectangular zonal channel with generalN(y, z) andU(y, z).     

一种微量样品稳定同位素分析方法的探讨

以待测微量样品与δ值已知的标准样按一定比例相互混合,用常规方法制样,将低于质谱常量分析气样的碳、氮、氧、硫稳定同位素按常量分析。根据混合前后的平衡关系,求出待测微量样品的δ值。同时,分析测得大气氮的δ15N值为零,与国际公认结论完全一致。     

青藏高原地区云对地面有效辐射的影响：Ⅰ.综合分析

本文利用１９８２年８月－１９８３年７月青藏高原地面热源观测试验资料，讨论了青藏高原地区地面有较辐射时空变化的基本特征，分析了地面有效辐射与云层覆盖率和云状的关系。结果表明：云是影响地面有效辐射变化的重要因子；地面有效辐射是云层覆盖率的二次函数，函数形式为二次三项式；地面有效辐射对云状变化的响应是非常明显的，中云（Ａｓ）对地面有效辐射的影响最大，其次是低云（Ｃｂ，Ｓｃ）。高云（Ｃｉ）对地面有效辐射的