DETECTION OF MULTILAYER CIRRUS CLOUD USING FY-1C DATA*

There are ten channels in the FY-1C polar-orbiting meteorological satellite of China.These channels cover visible,near-infrared and infrared spectral bands.Based on simulating analysis of single layer and multilayer clouds that cirrus clouds possibly overlap low water clouds,the case study using FY-1C data is performed.Results show that FY-1C data can be used to analyze multilayer clouds,especially for the ease of low water cloud overlaid by cirrus.     

吉林东部石门岩体中闪长质包体岩相学特征及意义

位于吉林省安图县东南的石门岩体中，含有大量细粒、斑状闪长岩包体，通过对其形态、产状及特征，特别是包体的结构、矿物成分及矿物生长习性等岩相学特征的研究，初步确定石门岩体岩浆至少是由酸性、基性两种不同成分的岩浆在未完全结晶状态下相互混合形成，首次提出该岩体具岩浆混合花岗岩特征，为浆混成因花岗岩。     

高纯无硒电解金属锰混合添加剂的研制

采用新型无硒混合添加剂制取高纯无硒电解金属锰，可以使电解金属锰中硒含量控制在O．001％以内，锰含量达到“三九”锰标准，具有显著的经济价值。     

西藏描勤——申扎地层分区二叠系敌布错组的建立及其特征

敌布错组为125万措勤区幅区域地质调查首次发现并建立的岩石地层单位.该组角度不整合于下二叠统下拉组之上,盛产冈瓦纳-华夏混合植物群化石,岩性组合呈现灰色复陆屑建造的特点,厚度大于830m.层型剖面位于西藏措勤县江让乡敌布错北缘(E84.46′,N30.51′).2001年夏经专家实地考查确认,该剖面已完全具备建组条件.此套岩石组合的发现为进一步完善冈底斯构造带古生代地层系统提供了新的资料.     

西藏坚扎弄组的植物化石新资料和再认识

1∶25万措勤幅区域地质调查中,在夏康坚雪山的坚扎弄组中新采集到Glossopterissp.,Pecopteris(Ptychocar-pus)sp.,?Yuaniasp.,Dicranophyllum?sp.等植物化石,进一步完善了夏康坚植物群的组合面貌,证实了此植物群确属华夏-冈瓦纳混合植物群。     

Occurrence of calcite in Sanbagawa pelitic schists: implications for the formation of garnet, rutile, oligoclase, biotite and hornblende

The frequency of occurrence of minerals in 1876 samples of Sanbagawa pelitic schist in central Shikoku is summarized on the basis of microscopic observation accompanied, in part, by use of an electron microprobe. All samples contain quartz, plagioclase, phengite, chlorite and graphite. More than 90% of samples contain clinozoisite, titanite and apatite. Garnet is present in 95% of samples from the garnet zone, and biotite is present in 64% of samples from the albite‐biotite zone. Calcite is found in about 40% of samples of the pelitic schist collected from outcrop, but occurs in 95% of the pelitic schist from drill cores. Calcite was apparently ubiquitous in the pelitic schist during the Sanbagawa metamorphism, but must have been dissolved recently by the action of surface or ground water. The mineral assemblages of the Sanbagawa pelitic schist have to be analyzed in the system with excess calcite, quartz, albite (or oligoclase), clinozoisite, graphite and fluid that is composed mainly of H₂O, CO₂ and CH₄. In the presence of calcite, reactions that produce garnet, rutile, oligoclase, biotite and hornblende, some of which define isograds of the metamorphic belt, should be written as mixed volatile equilibria that tend to take place at lower temperature than the dehydration reactions that have been proposed. The presence of calcite in pelitic schist suggests that fluid composition is a variable as important in determining mineral assemblages as pressure and temperature. Thus Ca‐bearing phases must be taken into account to analyze the phase relations of calcite‐bearing pelitic schist, even if CaO content of Sanbagawa pelitic schist is low. As calcite is a common phase, the mineral assemblages of the biotite zone pelitic schist may contravene the mineralogical phase rule and warrant further study.     

A finite element-spherical harmonics model for radiative transfer in inhomogeneous clouds.: Part II. Some applications

EVENT has been used to examine the effects of 3D cloud structure, distribution, and inhomogeneity on the scattering of visible solar radiation and the resulting 3D radiation field. Large eddy simulation and aircraft measurements are used to create realistic cloud fields which are continuous or broken with smooth or uneven tops. The values, patterns and variance in the resulting downwelling and upwelling radiation from incident visible solar radiation at different angles are then examined and compared to measurements. The results from EVENT confirm that 3D cloud structure is important in determining the visible radiation field, and that these results are strongly influenced by the solar zenith angle. The results match those from other models using visible solar radiation, and are supported by aircraft measurements of visible radiation, providing confidence in the new model.     

非开挖施工建模的现状和前景

讨论了非开挖施工主要级别的建模：微隧顶管、HDD和夯管锤，并通过微隧顶管建模的过程说明定位于稳定性与鲁棒性理论、多体动力学理论的必然趋向，以及建模工作将会成为非开挖产业文化的一部分，将推动非开挖产业的发展，并由高端基础研发达到市场份额占有的目的。     

Online test using displacement–force mixed control

This paper proposes an online test technique that employs mixed control of displacement and force. Two types of mixed control, ‘displacement–force combined control’ and ‘displacement–force switching control’ are proposed. In displacement–force combined control, one jack is operated by displacement‐control, and another is operated by force‐control. Validity of the combined control technique is demonstrated by a series of online tests applied to a base‐isolated structure subjected to horizontal and vertical ground motions simultaneously. The substructuring technique is employed in the tests, and the base‐isolation layer is tested, with the rest of the structure modeled in the computer. Displacement‐control and force‐control were adopted for simulating the horizontal and vertical response, respectively. Both displacement‐ and force‐control were implemented successfully despite interference between the two jacks. Earthquake responses of the base‐isolated structure involving the effects of varying axial forces on the horizontal hysteretic behavior of the base‐isolation layer were simulated. In the displacement–force switching control, the jack was operated by displacement‐control when the test specimen was flexible but switched to force‐control once the specimen became stiff. Validity of the switching control technique was also checked by a series of online tests applied to the base‐isolated structure subjected to vertical ground motions. Switching between displacement‐control and force‐control was achieved when the axial force applied to the base‐isolation layer changed from tension to compression or from compression to tension. Both the displacement‐ and force‐control were successful even with many rounds of switching. The test revealed that large accelerations occurred on the floor immediately above the base‐isolation layer at the instants when the axial force of the base‐isolation layer changed from tension to compression. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Tracing magnetic helicity from the solar corona to the interplanetary space

On October 14, 1995, a C1.6 long duration event (LDE) started in active region (AR) NOAA 7912 at approximately 5:00 UT and lasted for about 15 h. On October 18, 1995, the Solar Wind Experiment and the Magnetic Field Instrument (MFI) on board the Wind spacecraft registered a magnetic cloud (MC) at 1 AU, which was followed by a strong geomagnetic storm. We identify the solar source of this phenomenon as AR 7912. We use magnetograms obtained by the Imaging Vector Magnetograph at Mees Solar Observatory, as boundary conditions to the linear force-free model of the coronal field, and, we determine the model in which the field lines best fit the loops observed by the Soft X-ray Telescope on board Yohkoh. The computations are done before and after the ejection accompanying the LDE. We deduce the loss of magnetic helicity from AR 7912. We also estimate the magnetic helicity of the MC from in situ observations and force-free models. We find the same sign of magnetic helicity in the MC and in its solar source. Furthermore, the helicity values turn out to be quite similar considering the large errors that could be present. Our results are a first step towards a quantitative confirmation of the link between solar and interplanetary phenomena through the study of magnetic helicity.