2007年8月10～12日青岛地区特大暴雨过程分析

利用常规天气资料和红外卫星云图资料,分析了2007年8月10~12日青岛地区特大暴雨过程的环流背景、物理量场的特征及其演变,表明与本次暴雨过程有关的主要天气系统有三个:一是副热带高压的变化;二是冷空气与高空槽的作用;三是热带气旋水汽对暴雨的影响。本次降水过程是西风带弱冷空气,副热带高压边缘和热带气旋倒槽向北发展共同作用下发生的,是中-低纬度系统相互作用造成的。     

2009年冬季至2010年春季黑龙江省气温持续偏低成因

利用常规观测温度资料和中国国家气候中心提供的环流特征量、NCEP／NCAR再分析资料及美国气候预测中心（CPC）提供的AO指数等,分析了2009年11月至2010年4月中高纬大气环流异常特征,探讨了AO与同期气温的关系。结果表明：黑龙江省冬春气候异常与500hPa大尺度环流背景有关。冬春持续偏冷,对应北半球欧亚中高纬地区呈“-＋-”的波列分布,90°-180°E呈现出“北正南负”的环流形势;北半球极涡面积偏大,冬季东亚大槽位置偏西,春季东亚大槽强度偏强,冬春AO指数持续异常偏强,显著负位相。     

Climate anomalies in the southern high latitudes associated with the Subtropical Dipole Mode

1　Introduction EnoughhasbeensaidabouttheteleconnectionofENSO(ElNi o SouthernOscilla tion)inthetropicalPacificOceanandtheclimateinthesouthernhighlatitudes(Fletcher etal.1982;SmithandStearns1993;SimmodsandJacka1995;Liuetal.2002;Kwok andComiso2002).Inres…     

川东北石笋记录的GIS4～5夏季风气候变化及与高纬气候的联系

对采自川东北仙人洞的石笋XR025进行了高精度230Th定年和高分辨率氧-碳同位素分析,重建了该地区33～ 28ka B.P.高分辨率夏季风气候变化历史.结果发现,XR025清晰地记录GIS4,GIS4.1和GIS5等温暖事件以及H3这一寒冷事件,这些事件的发生时间与格陵兰冰芯和我国其他石笋记录基本一致.但XR025记录的GIS4.1事件的强度明显比GIS4事件弱,这与格陵兰冰芯和葫芦洞石笋记录一致,但与我国其他一些石笋记录存在差异.在从H3向GIS4的转化中,XR025记录了夏季风逐渐增强的过程,这与格陵兰冰芯和我国其他石笋记录均存在明显差异,但与南极温度变化相似,可能受到了南极温度变化的影响.因此,南北半球高纬度地区温度变化可能在33～28ka B.P.对我国中部地区的夏季风气候变化产生了重要影响.     

POSSIBLE IMPACTS OF MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION ON THE SEVERE RAIN-SNOW WEATHER IN CHINA DURING NOVEMBER 2009

Possible relationships between MJO and the severe rain-snow weather in Eastern China during November of 2009 are analyzed and results show that a strong MJO process is one of the strong impact factors.MJO is very active over the Indian Ocean in November 2009.Especially,it maintains 9 days in MJO phase 3,just corresponding to the two strongest rain-snow processes.Composites of MJO events show that when the MJO convective center is located over the Indian Ocean,the probability of rainfall is significantly increased and the temperature is lower than normal in eastern China,which is consistent with the situation in November of 2009.Atmospheric circulation anomalies of mid-and higher-latitudes can be influenced by the tropical MJO convection forcing and this influence could be realized by teleconnection.When the MJO is over the Indian Ocean,it is favorable for the maintenance of a circulation pattern of two ridges versus one trough at mid-and higher-latitudes.Meanwhile,the western Pacific subtropical high is stronger and more westward than normal,and a significant convective belt appears over eastern East Asia.All these circulation anomalies shown in the composite result also appeared in the observations in November 2009,which indicates the general features of relationships between the MJO and the circulation anomalies over the extratropics.Besides the zonal circulation anomalies,the MJO convection can also lead to meridional circulation anomalies.When the MJO convection is located over the Indian Ocean,the western Pacific is dominated by anomalous descending motion,and the eastern East Asia is controlled by strong convergence and ascending motion.Therefore,an anomalous meridional circulation is formed between the tropics and middle latitudes,enhancing the northward transportation of low-level moisture.It is potentially helpful to understanding and even forecasting such kind of rain-snow weather anomalies as that in November 2009 using MJO.     

东亚中高纬土壤温度资料评估与分析

本文以一套俄罗斯土壤温度历史观测资料RHSTD为基础,分析了四套土壤温度产品[ERA-Interim再分析资料、两套陆面模式离线运行产品ERA-Interim/Land（简称ERA-Land）和MERRA-Land、以及一套二十世纪再分析资料NOAA-CIRES 20CR]在东亚中高纬的可靠性,并重点关注春夏季,主要结论如下:观测地温在0~2 m波动较大,随季节在0℃上下摆动,而2 m以下地温稳定少变,并且在60°N以北地区出现永久冻结。四套地温产品较好地反映了这些特征。无论春夏,还是年平均,四套地温产品气候态都呈“南暖北冷”的特征,但ERA-Land的空间分布与观测最接近。就季节循环而言,ERA-Land最能反映该地区土壤的冻融过程和土壤温度的季节演变。四套地温产品年际变率（标准差）与观测的差异随季节和土壤层变化大,情况比较复杂。就年际变化趋势而言,四套地温产品与观测的相关性,夏季好于春季,表层好于深层,并且ERA-Land土壤温度拥有四套地温产品最多的共性,最能反映观测地温的年际变化。     

1998~2010年全球中低纬度降水时空特征分析

基于1998~2010年热带降雨测量(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission,TRMM)卫星3B43资料在像元尺度进行Mann-Kendall非参数检验,计算Hurst指数,绘制降水"月历"与演化态势图谱。分析全球中低纬度降水时空特征,结果表明:全球中低纬度降水主要集中在夏季和冬初且各月降水的年际波动比较明显;全球中低纬度降水呈现由低纬向中纬递减的趋势,海洋降水明显多于陆地,海陆梯度特征显著;月尺度降水大部分地区为增加(或减少)但统计不显著的趋势,同时绝大部分地区具有显著的长程自相似性;12月份降水变化态势的空间差异明显强于其它月份,而3月份则最不明显;季节尺度98%以上的地区降水具有显著的长程自相似性,季节演化态势表现出极强的空间差异性。     

北纬地区温度和卫星监测的植被活动节律变化的比较分析(英文)

Plant growth at northern latitudes is highly responsive to the climatic changes that have occurred over recent decades. However, the sensitivity of the phasing of the seasonal cycle of terrestrial ecosystems to a changing environment remains less widely understood. We present an investigation and comparative study of large-scale changes in seasonal cy-cling of both land surface temperature and plant growth. Our results have shown trends in-dicating a marked increased towards overall plant productivity by ~3% from 1982 to 2005, reduced trends in seasonal variation at low-mid latitudes by ~2%, increased trends in sea-sonal variations at mid-high latitudes by ~7%, and an earlier phase in northern terrestrial ecosystems (~1.1 days) in parallel with changes in the phasing of surface temperatures at northern latitudes over the 24 years in this study. These shifts in annual cycles of terrestrial vegetation appear to have a distinct geographical zonality and are dependent upon latitudinal changes in climatic variables. More conspicuous changes in overall vegetation productivity and the seasonal phase of ecosystems have been observed in Eurasia compared to North America, largely because of a more rapid rise in temperature. Our results state that changing climate boosts plant growth at northern latitudes, but also alters the phase and seasonal variations of the annual cycle of terrestrial ecosystems.     

Long-term changes of (polar) mesosphere summer echoes

Strong VHF radar echoes have been observed not only during summer months at polar latitudes (polar mesosphere summer echoes, PMSE) but also at middle latitudes (mesosphere summer echoes, MSE). These echoes are closely connected with small ice particles, thus containing information about mesospheric temperature and water vapour content. But the (P)MSE also depend on the ionisation due to solar wave radiation and precipitating high energetic particles. Observations with VHF radars at Andenes (69.3°N; 16.0°E) since 1994 and at Kühlungsborn (54.6°N; 11.8°E) since 1998 are used for investigations of the solar and geomagnetic control of the (P)MSE as well as of possible long-term changes. The (P)MSE are positively correlated with the solar Lyman α radiation and the geomagnetic activity and have slightly positive trends. Due to the limited measuring period, the significance levels of the detected (P)MSE trends are small. Positive trends in noctilucent clouds (NLC) and polar mesospheric clouds (PMC) are in general agreement with (P)MSE trends.     

非埃尔—尼诺时期热带海洋对大气环流的影响

本文通过对热带海洋非埃尔-尼诺时期海温场的一种重要分布形式——海温场EOF展开第一特征向量场与高低空大气的相关分析和谱分析发现,该类海温分布典型场不仅对高空大气的起伏振荡有重要影响。而且与低空大气的涛动现象关系密切,其变化领先于低纬涛动现象4～5个月,可能是低纬涛动现象的启动因子。