A Modified Double-Moment Bulk Microphysics Scheme Geared toward the East Asian Monsoon Region

Representation of cloud microphysical processes is one of the key aspects of numerical models. An improved doublemoment bulk cloud microphysics scheme(named IMY) was created based on the standard Milbrandt-Yau(MY) scheme in the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model for the East Asian monsoon region(EAMR). In the IMY scheme, the shape parameters of raindrops, snow particles, and cloud droplet size distributions are variables instead of fixed constants.Specifically, the shape parameters of r...     

Numerical study on a severe downburst-producing thunderstorm on 23 August 2001 in Beijing

A thunderstorm that produced severe wind, heavy rain and hail on 23 August 2001 in Beijing was studied by a three-dimensional cloud model including hail-bin microphysics. This model can provide important information for hail size at the surface, which is not available in hail parameterization cloud models. The results shows that the cloud model, using hail-bin microphysics, could reasonably reflect the storm＇s characteristics such as life cycle, rainfall distribution and the diameter of the hailstones and also can reproduce developing processes of downbursts, where they can then be compared with the observed features of the storm. The downburst formation mechanism was investigated based on the cloud microphysics of the simulated storm and it was found that the downburst was primarily produced by hail-loading and enhanced by cooling processes that were due to hail melting and rain evaporation. The loading and melting of hail played crucial roles in the formation of downbursts within the storm.     

祁连山夏季地形云结构和云微物理过程的模拟研究(I):模式云物理方案和地形云结构

对三维非静力中尺度模式ARPS的云降水微物理方案进行了改进,利用改进后的ARPS模式模拟了祁连山地区夏季的两个地形云个例,通过对各自模拟结果的对比分析并结合实况资料研究了夏季祁连山地区地形云的发展状况、动力场特征、降水特征以及云微物理结构特征。研究结果表明,地形云的发展受地形影响很大,地形的抬升促进了云和降水的发展,地形的作用也改变了地面降水特征,使云的宏、微观物理结构发生较大变化。     

Microphysical Observations and Mesoscale Model Simulation of a Warm Fog Case during FRAM Project

The objective of this work is to apply a new microphysical parameterization for fog visibility for potential use in numerical weather forecast simulations, and to compare the results with ground-based observations. The observations from the Fog Remote Sensing And Modeling (FRAM) field which took place during the winter of 2005 – 2006 over southern Ontario, Canada (Phase I) were used in the analysis. The liquid water content (LWC), droplet number concentration (N_d), and temperature (T) were obtained from the fog measuring device (FMD) spectra and Rosemount probe, correspondingly. The visibility (Vis) from a visibility meter, liquid water path from microwave radiometers (MWR), and inferred fog properties such as mean volume diameter, LWC, and N_d were also used in the analysis. The results showed that Vis is nonlinearly related to both LWC and N_d. Comparisons between newly derived parameterizations and the ones already in use as a function of LWC suggested that if models can predict the total N_d and LWC at each time step using a detailed microphysics parameterization, Vis can then be calculated for warm fog conditions. Using outputs from the Canadian Mesoscale Compressible Community (MC2) model, being tested with a new multi-moment bulk microphysical scheme, the new Vis parameterization resulted in more accurate Vis values where the correction reached up to 20 –50%.     

三相云显式降水方案和高原东部"96.1”暴雪成因的中尺度数值模拟

对“９６．１”高原暴雪天气过程进行的天气学成因分析指出,欧洲阻高崩溃,里海－咸海横槽转竖,槽后向南入侵青藏高原的干冷偏北气流与槽前来自孟加拉湾和中印半岛向北不断推进的强劲西南暖湿气流,在青藏高原东部部交汇而形成,发展并持续的切变线,是产生的高原暴雪的中尺度天气系统。通过将冰相云微物理过程参数化和三相云 降水方案引入ＭＭ４而发展的中尺度模式模拟系统,在采用常规观测资料的条件下,基本上成功地模拟出了“     

用WRF模式中不同云微物理参数化方案对华南一次暴雨过程的数值模拟和性能分析

本文使用中尺度数值模式WRFV3.4中的8种不同云微物理过程参数化方案,模拟2010年5月6～7日华南一次暴雨事件,探讨不同云微物理方案对华南暴雨模拟的影响。结果表明:不同云微物理方案对不同量级降水模拟效果总体较好。WSM3方案对小到大雨和大暴雨的模拟效果最好,对暴雨的模拟最差;WDM5方案对暴雨模拟效果最好。结合TS评分和误差分析结果,整体效果最好的是WSM5方案,最差的是Lin方案。对于同一云微物理参数化方案,不同分辨率的降水模拟结果差异不大,但同一分辨率的不同云微物理参数化方案的降水结果差异较大,这说明云微物理过程比模式分辨率对暴雨模拟的影响更大。     

华北地区气溶胶混合状态对暖云微物理特征的影响

在UWyo单组分气溶胶的绝热气块分档云模式基础上,发展了多种化学组分气溶胶的绝热气块分档云模式。利用2006年春季华北地区地面气溶胶分级采样的离子成分分析数据和同时段高空气溶胶、云微物理飞机观测资料,研究了气溶胶混合状态对暖云微物理特征的影响。模拟结果表明,华北地区气溶胶内部混合比外部混合有利于增加云凝结核数浓度、降低气块水汽最大饱和比、增加云滴数浓度。气溶胶的混合状态不同,形成的云滴谱的特征差异较大,主要体现在云滴谱的平均尺度和峰值的突出程度;云滴谱相对离散度在0.3附近变化,且随着云滴数浓度的增加,云滴谱相对离散度呈现减小的趋势。气溶胶混合状态能够影响暖云微物理特征,从而影响大气辐射和降水过程,在天气和气候变化的研究中应予以关注。     

The impact of cumulus parameterizations and microphysics schemes under different combinations on typhoon track prediction

This study examines the effects of cumulus parameterizations and microphysics schemes on the track forecast of typhoon Nabi using the Weather Research Forecast model. The study found that the effects of cumulus parameterizations on typhoon track forecast were comparatively strong and the typhoon track forecast of Kain-Fritsch (KF) was superior to that of Betts-Miller (BM). When KF was selected, the simulated results would be improved if microphysics schemes were selected than otherwise. The results from Ferrier, WSM6, and Lin were very close to those in the best track. KF performed well with the simulations of the western extension and eastern contraction changes of a North Pacific high as well as the distribution and strength of the typhoon wind field.     

Two-moment bulk stratiform cloud microphysics in the grid-point atmospheric model of IAP LASG (GAMIL)

A two-moment bulk stratiform microphysics scheme, including recently developed physically-based droplet activation/ice nucleation parameterizations has been implemented into the Grid-point Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG (GAMIL) as an effort to enhance the model’s capability to simulate aerosol indirect effects. Unlike the previous one-moment cloud microphysics scheme, the new scheme produces a reasonable representation of cloud particle size and number concentration. This scheme captures the observed spatial variations in cloud droplet number concentrations. Simulated ice crystal number concentrations in cirrus clouds qualitatively agree with in situ observations. The longwave and shortwave cloud forcings are in better agreement with observations. Sensitivity tests show that the column cloud droplet number concentrations calculated from two different droplet activation parameterizations are similar. However, ice crystal number concentration in mixed-phased clouds is sensitive to different heterogeneous ice nucleation formulations. The simulation with high ice crystal number concentration in mixed-phase clouds has less liquid water path and weaker cloud forcing. Furthermore, ice crystal number concentration in cirrus clouds is sensitive to different ice nucleation parameterizations. Sensitivity tests also suggest that the impact of pre-existing ice crystals on homogeneous freezing in old clouds should be taken into account.     

2019年7月17日江苏东南部特大暴雨的 双偏振雷达观测分析

利用S波段双偏振雷达数据,结合再分析数据、自动气象站、探空和二维闪电探测数据,采用多普勒雷达风场反演和粒子相态识别等方法,分析了2019年7月17日江苏省东南部多站破历史记录的超强降水对流风暴的偏振特征和云微物理特征;并选取了打破当地强降水历史记录如皋站和潞城站,分析了影响两站的对流单体的异同。影响如皋的对流风暴几无闪电活动,对流质心接近地面,上升气流相对较弱。且0 ℃和-35 ℃层间霰粒子数目相对较少,闪电几乎不存在。在融化层以下,由于强烈的暖雨过程,较大的冰相粒子落下并融化和低层雨滴的聚并增长,导致低层雨滴数量迅速增加,带来地面极端强降水。潞城地区雷暴活动明显,影响其对流风暴发展旺盛。-35~0 ℃层存在强烈的上升运动,抬升低层大量的液相粒子通过淞附作用形成的霰,并与高层冰晶不断碰撞,在云层中形成强大的电场,产生强烈的负闪,且在地面产生了极强的降水。这表明融化层以上的冰相微观物理过程,对于降水的发生和增强非常重要。