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21.
将中国气象科学研究院(CAMS)混合双参数云微物理方案用于中尺度天气模式WRF,开展了对2013年超强台风天兔(1319)的模拟,通过与台风最佳路径、强度及热带降雨测量卫星(TRMM)资料对比,分析CAMS云微物理方案在模拟台风中的适用性及云微物理过程对模拟台风天兔的影响机制。设计了3组敏感性试验:修改雪粒子质量和落速系数(EXP1),采用海洋性云滴参数(EXP2),同时修改雪粒子质量和落速系数并采用海洋性云滴参数(EXP3)。结果表明:EXP1和EXP3由于霰碰并雪速率的增加及减小的雪下落通量,导致雪含量显著降低,同时也减少了整体冰相物的含量;EXP2和EXP3模拟的台风眼区对流有效位能快速减小,再现了前期台风的快速增强过程,路径偏差也最小;各试验模拟的小时降水率总体偏强,EXP3的降水空间分布与实况更接近,明显降低雪粒子含量,并一定程度上改善模拟的台风路径、强度及降水分布等。该结果不但可为改进适用于台风的云微物理参数化方案提供思路,也可加深云微物理过程对台风影响的认识。 相似文献
22.
Kun ZHAO Hao HUANG Mingjun WANG Wen-Chau LEE Gang CHEN Long WEN Jing WEN Guifu ZHANG Ming XUE Zhengwei YANG Liping LIU Chong WU Zhiqun HU Sheng CHEN 《大气科学进展》2019,36(9):961-974
Dual-polarization(dual-pol)radar can measure additional parameters that provide more microphysical information of precipitation systems than those provided by conventional Doppler radar.The dual-pol parameters have been successfully utilized to investigate precipitation microphysics and improve radar quantitative precipitation estimation(QPE).The recent progress in dual-pol radar research and applications in China is summarized in four aspects.Firstly,the characteristics of several representative dual-pol radars are reviewed.Various approaches have been developed for radar data quality control,including calibration,attenuation correction,calculation of specific differential phase shift,and identification and removal of non-meteorological echoes.Using dual-pol radar measurements,the microphysical characteristics derived from raindrop size distribution retrieval,hydrometeor classification,and QPE is better understood in China.The limited number of studies in China that have sought to use dual-pol radar data to validate the microphysical parameterization and initialization of numerical models and assimilate dual-pol data into numerical models are summarized.The challenges of applying dual-pol data in numerical models and emerging technologies that may make significant impacts on the field of radar meteorology are discussed. 相似文献
23.
GRAPES双参数云微物理方案的改进和云降水个例模拟研究:GRAPES_SCM对热带对流云个例的模拟研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
应用全球-区域同化预报系统单柱模式(GRAPES_SCM),对热带暖池国际云试验(TWP-ICE)个例进行数值模拟。通过和实际观测资料进行对比,诊断并改进了Liuma云微物理方案对热带对流云微物理特征的模拟能力。结果显示在GRAPES_SCM框架下,Liuma原方案和WSM6(WRF single moment)方案均能呈现出TWP-ICE期间热带云系的发展特征,并能够明显区分试验期间的季风活跃期和季风抑制期。活跃期Liuma原始方案和WSM6方案模拟的冰云组成结构差异显著,在Liuma原始方案所模拟的冰相水凝物分布中,存在冰雪含量过少、霰过多的现象。改进后的Liuma方案对程序中各微物理过程计算顺序进行了优化,改进后霰质量混合比明显减少,冰雪质量混合比明显增加,冰相水凝物分布较合理。 相似文献
24.
25.
Analysis of the Microphysical Structure of Heavy Fog Using a Droplet Spectrometer: A Case Study 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
The microphysical properties of a long-lasting heavy fog event are examined based on the results from a comprehensive field campaign conducted during the winter of 2006 at Pancheng (32.2°N, 118.7°E), Jiangsu Province, China. It is demonstrated that the key microphysical properties (liquid water content, fog droplet concentration, mean radius and standard deviation) exhibited positive correlations with one another in general, and that the 5-min-average maximum value of fog liquid water content was sometimes ... 相似文献
26.
Numerical Simulation of Macro- and Micro-structures of Intense Convective Clouds with a Spectral Bin Microphysics Model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
By use of a three-dimensional compressible non-hydrostatic convective cloud
model with detailed microphysics featuring spectral bins of cloud
condensation nuclei (CCN), liquid droplets, ice crystals, snow and graupel
particles, the spatial and temporal distributions of hydrometeors in a
supercell observed by the (Severe Thunderstorm Electrification and
Precipitation Study) STEPS triple-radar network are simulated and analyzed.
The bin model is also employed to study the effect of CCN concentration on
the evolution characteristics of the supercell. It is found that the CCN
concentration not only affects the concentration and spectral distribution
of water droplets, but also influences the characteristics of ice crystals
and graupel particles. With a larger number of CCN, more water droplets and
ice crystals are produced and the growth of graupel is restrained. With a
small quantity of CCN the production of large size water droplets are
promoted by initially small concentrations of water droplets and ice
crystals, leading to earlier formation of small size graupel and restraining
the recycling growth of graupel, and thus inhibiting the formation of large
size graupel (or small size hail). It can be concluded that both the macroscopic
airflow and microphysical processes influence the formation and growth of large
size graupel (or small size hail). In regions with heavy pollution, a high
concentration of CCN may restrain the formation of graupel and hail, and in
extremely clean regions, excessively low concentrations of CCN may also limit
the formation of large size graupel (hail). 相似文献
27.
太行山迎风坡降水云微物理结构数值模拟分析 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
利用MM5模式对太行山迎风坡暴雨过程进行了数值模拟,分析了太行山迎风坡降水的微物理结构特征及山脉对降水的影响。结果表明,降水过程既有太行山地形作用造成的暖云降水又包含汽、水、冰混合的冷云降水,当冰相粒子与液态水的中心上下接近垂直时,1 h降水量最大;地形对于降水增幅作用较大,低层东风遇太行山阻挡辐合抬升形成地形雨;地形造成的弱垂直运动将影响高层上升强度,进而改变水汽分布,并通过微物理过程使得水汽发生相变,该个例中垂直上升运动使得雪和霰相粒子迅速增长,从而导致雨滴增大并克服重力作用下降,在下落过程中捕获低层地形云中水滴变成更大雨滴降落;而在上升过程中水汽凝结释放潜热,对物理量场有一个反馈作用。 相似文献
28.
R. N. Colvile R. Sander T. W. Choularton K. N. Bower D. W. F. Inglis W. Wobrock D. Schell I. B. Svenningsson A. Wiedensohler H. -C. Hansson A. Hallberg J. A. Ogren K. J. Noone M. C. Facchini S. Fuzzi G. Orsi B. G. Arends W. Winiwarter T. Schneider A. Berner 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1994,19(1-2):189-229
The airflow, cloud microphysics and gas- and aqueous-phase chemistry on Kleiner Feldberg have been modelled for the case study of the evening of 1 November 1990, in order to calculate parameters that are not easily measured in the cloud and thus to aid the interpretation of the GCE experimental data-set. An airflow model has been used to produce the updraught over complex terrain for the cloud model, with some care required to ensure realistic modelling of the strong stable stratification of the atmosphere. An extensive set of measurements has been made self-consistent and used to calculate gas and aerosol input parameters for the model. A typical run of the cloud model has calculated a peak supersaturation of 0.55% which occurs about 20 s after entering cloud where the updraught is 0.6 m s–1. This figure has been used to calculate the efficiency with which aerosol particles were scavenged; it is higher than that calculated by other methods, and produces a cloud with slightly too many droplets. A broad cloud droplet size spectrum has been produced by varying the model inputs to simulate turbulent mixing and fluctuations in cloud parameters in space and time, and the ability of mixing processes near cloud-base to produce a lower peak supersaturation is discussed. The scavenging of soluble gases by cloud droplets has been observed and departures from Henry's Law in bulk cloud-water samples seen to be caused by variation of pH across the droplet spectrum and the inability of diffusion to adjust initial distributions of highly soluble substances across the spectrum in the time available. Aqueous-phase chemistry has been found to play a minor role in the cloud as modelled, but circumstances in which these processes would be more important are identified. 相似文献
29.
30.
The Global Atmospheric Electrical Circuit and Climate 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
R. G. Harrison 《Surveys in Geophysics》2004,25(5-6):441-484
Evidence is emerging for physical links among clouds, global temperatures, the global atmospheric electrical circuit and cosmic ray ionisation. The global circuit extends throughout the atmosphere from the planetary surface to the lower layers of the ionosphere. Cosmic rays are the principal source of atmospheric ions away from the continental boundary layer: the ions formed permit a vertical conduction current to flow in the fair weather part of the global circuit. Through the (inverse) solar modulation of cosmic rays, the resulting columnar ionisation changes may allow the global circuit to convey a solar influence to meteorological phenomena of the lower atmosphere. Electrical effects on non-thunderstorm clouds have been proposed to occur via the ion-assisted formation of ultra-fine aerosol, which can grow to sizes able to act as cloud condensation nuclei, or through the increased ice nucleation capability of charged aerosols. Even small atmospheric electrical modulations on the aerosol size distribution can affect cloud properties and modify the radiative balance of the atmosphere, through changes communicated globally by the atmospheric electrical circuit. Despite a long history of work in related areas of geophysics, the direct and inverse relationships between the global circuit and global climate remain largely quantitatively unexplored. From reviewing atmospheric electrical measurements made over two centuries and possible paleoclimate proxies, global atmospheric electrical circuit variability should be expected on many timescales. 相似文献