滇池蓝藻水华发生频率与气象因子的关系

蓝藻水华暴发是在一定的营养、气候、水文条件和生态环境下形成的藻类过度繁殖和聚集的现象,是水体环境因子(如总氮、总磷、pH值、溶解氧)和气象因子综合作用的结果.然而滇池周年性水华暴发标志着滇池蓝藻水华在当前水质条件下,气象因子为关键影响因子.为了进一步探究滇池蓝藻水华发生与气象因子的规律,本文利用2010-2011年滇池蓝藻水华遥感监测资料与周边地面气象站逐月资料,研究滇池蓝藻水华月发生频率与月气象因子的关系.结果显示,滇池蓝藻水华发生频率与平均气温、最低气温、平均风速、累计日照时数和降雨量等气象因子均表现为显著相关,其中与日照时数和风速呈显著负相关.各因子中与风速的相关系数最高,说明滇池各月蓝藻水华发生频率高低与风速关系最为密切,进一步验证了在具备蓝藻水华发生所需营养盐条件下,水体稳定性对蓝藻水华发生的影响更为重要的结论.以上结果可为科学预测蓝藻水华发生,并采取相应措施减少其带来的影响提供理论依据.     

新疆天山地区的波速比异常分析

Based on the seismic observation report data provided by the Xinjiang Digital Seismic Network from 2009 to 2014,we calculate the wave velocity ratio and its background value for medium and small earthquakes by using the multi-station method in Tianshan,Xinjiang.This paper analyzes the variation of the wave velocity ratio disturbance value to highlight the abnormal,and also back-traces 7 moderate earthquakes at the research area.The results show that:(1)the background value of the wave velocity ratio is almost 1.70,the wave velocity ratio obviously decreases in the middle-eastern part of Tianshan and the region near the Puchang fault;(2)the wave velocity ratio disturbance value is mostly low in the epicenter before four earthquakes of M≥5.0 from 2011 to 2013 in the study area;(3)before 7 moderate strong earthquakes,the earthquake events with low value of the wave velocity ratio account for over 60% of corresponding total events near the epicenters,and the low value of the wave velocity ratio is relatively obvious before moderate earthquakes.     

地震氡观测仪计量检定系统与实验分析

本文介绍了地震氡观测仪计量检定系统（氡室）的建设背景及结构组成。氡室具有氡体积活度（氡浓度）实时监测、动态补氡、氡期望值可调、稳定性好等特点。在氡室调试实验中进行了氡室的漏气率实验及4次补氡实验,计算出氡室的氡漏气率为0.0001393Bq/min,氡发生率为23.35Bq/min。根据《测氡仪检定规程》（JJG 825—2013）的技术要求进行计量效能验证,表明氡室的氡体积活度（氡浓度）为800Bq/m³、1500Bq/m³、3000Bq/m³、6000Bq/m³和15000Bq/m³时,连续8h稳定性均优于5%;为6000Bq/m³时,72h稳定性优于5%,符合国家计量技术规范对氡室计量标准的要求。     

地震的应变张量观测与应用前景

地震发生时的动态应变场,在研究地震触发、地震破裂、地面破坏、水文和岩浆变化等方面都具有重要应用意义.地震的应变张量观测和现有的惯性地震仪观测的物理量不同.前者可以直接记录到地震发生时震源辐射的应变（应力）波,而后者记录到的是位移、速度或加速度.地震频率的应变测量在地震学中的应用前景主要表现在：①测量震源机制解理论预言的辐射4象限分布;②测量库仑应力变化;③换算成动态应力以评估地震烈度;④测量地震波的能量密度;⑤测量地震断层形变加速和形变局部化过程.用惯性地震仪的记录虽然在理论上也可以解算出动态应变值,然而种种原因导致计算结果的误差很大,往往不可接受.应变张量地震仪若能与现有的惯性地震仪配套起来,形成大规模台阵,则有可能推动应变地震学的诞生,在地震观测和地震学科领域引起重大革新.

     

滦县地磁场井下观测系统抗干扰效果

近距离铁磁性物质干扰(农田耕作、基建等)、直流供电干扰(高压直流输电、地电阻率观测等)是地磁场地面观测的主要干扰方式。在滦县地震台布设地磁场井下观测系统,检验井下观测的抗干扰效果,结果发现,地磁场井下观测可抑制近距离铁磁性物质干扰,但无法抑制直流供电干扰(可通过避让一定距离解决),该分析结果为未来地震监测手段的选取提供技术参考指标和依据。     

Using meteorological observer data to compare wind erosion during two great droughts in eastern Australia; the World War II Drought (1937–1946) and the Millennium Drought (2001–2010)

Australian meteorological observers started using the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) weather coding system in the 1950s. This system is still in use around the world today. However, observing and recording the weather in an organized and systematic manner had been ongoing for over 100 years prior to the adoption of this coding system, and much like Australia, most countries will have historical meteorological records. In this paper we compare the wind erosion of two of the greatest droughts in Australian recorded history; the World War II (WWII) Drought (1937–1945) and the Millennium Drought (2001–2009). To do this we analysed previously unavailable meteorological observer records from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (ABM). Wind erosion records, mostly in long‐hand written form, were translated to the modern WMO coding system for the WWII Drought and compared with the wind erosion of Australia's recently‐ended Millennium Drought, one of the longest and harshest on record. We quantify wind erosion using Dust Event Days (DED) and a modified version of a published Dust Storm Index (DSI) to show that wind erosion during the WWII Drought was up to 4.6 times higher than during the Millennium Drought. This study has international significance because it demonstrates a methodology for tracking changes in wind erosion over the past 75 years based on observer records available in every country with a history of organized weather observation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

2014年新疆于田M_S7.3地震的地壳构造变形背景

利用2011~2013年的流动GNSS观测资料及处理结果,获得了2014年于田MS7.3地震区域水平形变场。结果显示:(1)于田MS7.3地震发生在构造活动较强烈的阿尔金断裂带西端,其两侧的形变差异运动为8~9 mm/a,左旋运动是差异运动的主要成份;(2)发震区域的主应变是全区最突出的区域,张压大小相对均等,主张方向为南东东—北西西;(3)该地震发生在左旋形变的高梯度带上,其北部的塔里木盆地为较弱的右旋形变,其南部约150 km以外几乎无旋形变;(4)地震发生的部位为面应变性质转变的过渡带,其西为面膨胀区,其东为面收缩区。     

地热观测台网监测效能评估综合分析

地热观测台网监测效能评估是优化与完善前兆观测系统、提高在地热观测台网在防震减灾中效能的重要环节。评估内容主要包括观测环境、观测系统、观测质量和观测资料应用等方面,以省局和台站自评为基础,学科组结合日常管理对各测点进行综合分析,找出影响地热观测台网监测效能的主要因素,并相应地提出了合理解决方案。     

地闪对崇明地震台地球物理观测的干扰

通过对比崇明地区地闪及崇明地震台地球物理观测资料,发现受地闪引起的电磁场变化的直接作用或对仪器元件的间接作用,地磁、地电、电磁扰动和水位观测干扰比例较高,干扰幅度与地闪距离及形成的电流强度有关。具体干扰形态如下：①对电磁扰动干扰表现为单向突跳和测值的整体抬升;②对地磁测项干扰表现为正负方向的单点突跳;③对大地电场干扰表现为大幅震荡;④对水位观测干扰表现为大幅突跳。     

蓟县地震台小辛庄山洞定点形变观测干扰

整理蓟县地震台小辛庄山洞定点形变观测资料,分析强降雨、气压变化、机井抽水、爆破、仪器故障和标定、人为干扰等因素对观测数据的影响,强化认识干扰特征和一般规律,为地震前地球物理异常判定提供准确可靠依据,为同类型地震观测台站提供借鉴。