Application of altimetry data assimilation on mesoscale eddies simulation

Mesoscale eddy plays an important role in the ocean circulation. In order to improve the simulation accuracy of the mesoscale eddies, a three-dimensional variation (3DVAR) data assimilation system called Ocean Variational Analysis System (OVALS) is coupled with a POM model to simulate the mesoscale eddies in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. In this system, the sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) data by satellite altimeters are assimilated and translated into pseudo temperature and salinity (T-S) profile data. Then, these profile data are taken as observation data to be assimilated again and produce the three-dimensional analysis T-S field. According to the characteristics of mesoscale eddy, the most appropriate assimilation parameters are set up and testified in this system. A ten years mesoscale eddies simulation and comparison experiment is made, which includes two schemes: assimilation and non-assimilation. The results of comparison between two schemes and the observation show that the simulation accuracy of the assimilation scheme is much better than that of non-assimilation, which verified that the altimetry data assimilation method can improve the simulation accuracy of the mesoscale dramatically and indicates that it is possible to use this system on the forecast of mesoscale eddies in the future.     

蒙古气旋天气过程中的沙尘传输特征

基于沙尘数值预报模式针对不同区域地面起沙的敏感性试验结果,分析讨论了蒙古气旋沙尘暴过程中沙尘传输的特点及形成原因。结果表明：蒙古气旋沙尘暴过程的沙尘传输表现为:沙源区纬度越高,沙尘向东传输越强,纬度越低,向南传输越强;同时,高度越高,沙尘向东传输越强,高度越低,向南传输越强。其形成原因是萨彦岭山地背风坡效应、青藏高原东北侧地形强迫绕流等自然地理因素和蒙古气旋的动力、热力结构共同造成的,具有一定程度的普遍性。     

Fire Weather in Israel — Synoptic Climatological Analysis

The study examines the synoptic situations and weather conditions under which occurred Israel's largest forest fires between the years 1987–1995. Annual rainfall and maximum temperature were found to have a positive correlation with both the size of the burnt area and the frequency of fires. A negative correlation was found for the relative humidity at 12 UTC for the same parameters. The fire season in Israel starts in May and ends in November, the peak months being May, June and July. No large fires were observed during the rainy season, December–February, despite the relatively low precipitation characterizing the region. Atmospheric disturbances as well as quasi-stationary systems were found to be favorable for the development of forest fires in Israel: the North African (‘Sharav’) cyclone and the Red Sea trough, which are common during spring and autumn. These systems carry hot, dry air from the deserts and are responsible for 55% of the burnt area from major forest fires in Israel and up to 33% of the major forest fires. Sixty-five percent of the forest fires occurred during the summer all of them under the quasi-stationary system of the Persian Gulf trough. These fires did not spread as widely as those that occurred under the North African cyclone and the Red Sea trough systems. The role of weather in the propagation of fire is exemplified in the case study of the ‘Sha'ar ha Gai’ fire of July 1995 — the biggest forest fire in the history of Israel (1300 ha). This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

闽北大暴雨的中尺度特征分析

运用常规气象资料,逐时数字红外卫星云图及雷达回波资料,分析了１９９８年６月１８￣１９日福建省闽北地区大暴雨过程的中尺度云团发生、发展等演变特征及湿斜压锋区和低空西南急流对中度对流云团发生发展的作用,揭示了大暴雨形成和发生和一些特点。     

A METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF GALE REGION OVER OCEAN SURFACE BY TROPICAL CYCLONE USING TBB

With black-body temperature(T_BB) from GMS infrared cloud imagery for 16 tropical cyclones in 1996-1997 and domestic and overseas reports of gale by tropical cyclones as well as some conventional andshipboard wind reports, a number of conceptual charts are statistically summarized to determine ranges of gales on near gale and 10 of the storm. A method by which the radius of gale is operationally useful has beed tested.     

爆发性气旋发展中斜压强迫与潜热释放作用的数值试验

本文利用一个六层原始方程模式对五例爆发性气旋的发展进行了数值试验,试验结果表明：斜压强迫是气旋爆发性发展的基本因子,而潜热释放的重要性则有较大差异。潜热释放的作用主要集中在两个方面：一是对低层的直接增暖,加强了上升运动;二是对局地斜压性的加强,促进了锋面、槽脊系统的发展,而这两者均有利于气旋的发展。     

中国热带气旋的时间活动性研究

根据热带气旋的年内活动性,用新提出的等密图分析法来表示其年内出现机会最多的日期（频发期）和强度（频发值）;根据热带气旋的年际活动性,用描述自然现象状态转移规律的马尔可夫链预测模型来分析其活动趋势,结果是比较理想的,可以为热带气旋预测提供一定的理论依据。     

粤港澳大湾区一次局地极端强降水过程的多尺度观测特征与演变分析

2020年5月22日凌晨粤港澳大湾区发生了一次极端强降水过程,最大小时雨量和3小时雨量打破广东省内“龙舟水”期间的历史最高纪录。利用多源观测数据以及ERA5再分析资料对引发局地极端降水的中尺度对流系统(MCS)的演变过程与中尺度特征开展研究。(1)此次强降水过程主要集中在凌晨时段,具有持续时间短、局地雨强极端、累积雨量大等特点,在3小时的降水过程中出现了两个降水峰值。(2)这次过程为一次暖区暴雨过程,低层西南季风提供了充足的暖湿水汽,低涡切变线提供了良好的抬升条件。中α尺度季风云团呈准静止状态并升尺度增长为MCC(中尺度对流复合体)的过程引发了大湾区夜间局地的极端降水。(3)过程中两个阶段的峰值降水与中γ尺度对流单体生消发展期间的传播与移动矢量发生的改变有密切联系。数个中γ尺度对流单体构成多单体风暴形态,呈西北-东南侧向排列,这些单体先后触发发展并有着各自的地面辐合线。对流单体在环境风引导下向偏东南方向移动引发第一阶段峰值降水。随后不同单体的辐合线连接,对流向西南方向传播显著加快,使对流系统移动矢量发生改变,因而造成第二阶段峰值降水。(4)造成两段峰值降水的中γ尺度对流单体结构存在明显...     

2013年春季一次强飑线过程中尺度特征研究

运用多种观测数据,结合WRF模式分析了2013年3月19日发生在黔湘地区一次飑线形成期的中尺度特征。（1）此次飑线发生在高空500 hPa槽前的西南气流中,地面冷锋附近。环境风为西南向,且垂直于飑线长轴的分量小于沿着飑线长轴的分量。（2）飑线东、西两段存在显著差异：东段所在环境干燥,下沉对流有效位能DCAPE大,故雷暴大风强而短时强降水弱,对流单体初始于锋区及冷空气一侧,呈碎块状分布;西段环境湿润,短时强降水和冰雹集中,对流单体出现于地面锋区附近中尺度辐合线内,辐合线持久,其上辐合中心处不断有单体新生。（3）此次过程有重力波作用,且飑线西段重力波特征更明显。急流中的波动与中尺度辐合线相交,波动上升气流叠加辐合线上升运动,引起对流发生并迅猛发展,使得对流单体趋向于沿着波动等振幅面排列成带状,进而形成飑线。（4）旧单体南、北两侧均有新对流单体发生：北侧新单体高、低层重力波反相位叠加,对流受到抑制;南侧的新单体高、低层波动同相,上升气流加强,对流得以发展;新旧单体不断迭代更新,飑线整体向东南传播。     

南海东北部中尺度涡对海表叶绿素a浓度的影响规律研究

基于南海东北部1998~2019年的多源卫星遥感数据和风场再分析数据, 较系统地分析了南海东北部涡旋内部叶绿素a浓度的分布特征, 通过量化统计和涡心坐标系参数合成等方法探究了中尺度涡对叶绿素a浓度变化的影响规律及潜在机制。结果表明: (1)南海东北部约有60%的中尺度涡旋内部存在叶绿素a浓度增加和减少的现象。(2)南海东北部中尺度涡内部叶绿素a扰动受到涡旋抽吸和涡致Ekman抽吸机制的共同调控, 其中约有38% (39%)的暖(冷)涡内涡旋抽吸的贡献更大, 21% (24%)的暖(冷)涡内涡致Ekman抽吸的贡献更大。(3)南海东北部中尺度涡生命周期内的海表叶绿素a浓度变化存在显著的阶段性差异, 在冷暖涡的生成期, 涡旋抽吸的作用更为显著, 而在冷暖涡的顶峰和消亡期, 涡致Ekman抽吸的作用更为明显。上述研究结果有助于理解南海东北部初级生产力对中尺度涡的响应过程与机理, 对认识海洋物理-生物耦合过程具有一定的参考价值和研究意义。