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261.
Over the last decade, simple models of theconvective boundary layer (CBL) have beensuggested as an approach to inferring regionallyaveraged land-air exchanges of heat, water and tracegases, because the properties of the CBL respond toan average of the underlying small-scaleheterogeneity. This paper explores the use of anintegral CBL method to infer regionally averagedfluxes in a landscape that has at least three majorsources of heterogeneity – irrigated andnon-irrigated rural land use and a large urban area(Sacramento region, California).The first part of the paper assesses the validity ofthe simple slab model of the CBL – this isintegrated forwards in time using local-scalemeasured heat and water vapour fluxes, to predictmixed-layer depth, temperature and humidity. Of thefour different CBL growth schemes used, the Tennekesand Driedonks model is found to give the bestperformance. Evaluation of the model performancewith different weightings of heat and water vapourfluxes based on the land use characteristics in theregion suggest that the source area for theboundary-layer sonde measurements is larger thanphysically-based estimates would suggest.Finally, measured time series of potentialtemperature are used to infer regionally averagedsensible heat fluxes using an integral CBL (ICBL)method. These ICBL fluxes are compared with thosemeasured at the local scale over the three land usetypes that comprise the region of interest. They arefound to be closest to the heat fluxes calculated byappropriately weighting the measured heat fluxes inthe source area calculated for the ICBL. We concludethat the integral CBL budget method providesadequate estimates of regionally-averaged surfaceheat fluxes in a landscape that is characterised bysurface types with distinctly different surfaceenergy budgets. 相似文献
262.
In order to investigate the effect of the factors in tower latitudes on Meiyu/Baiu front,adiagnostic analysis for the two cases during June to July of 1985 and 1986 was examined.We foundthat (1)when the tropical convective activity moves westward to 10.5-15.5′N/140°E from eastside of 10.5-15.5°N/160°E,the northward shifts of the Meiyu/Baiu rain belt occurs;(2)themain factor which results in the northward and southward shifts of Meiyu/Baiu rain belt is thoughtas the 8,18 and 30 day oscillations of the tropical convective activity around West Pacific.Meanwhile,the wave train propagating from Lake Baikal via Okhotsk Sea to the tropics couldsometimes shift Baiu rain belt southward;(3)the onsets of Meiyu in China of both cases tend totake place just when the convective activity around lower latitudes moves westward through about140°E with the 8,18 and 30 day oscillation periods firstly coming to June. 相似文献
263.
The paper gives the distributions of the daily mean temperature of black body of satellite infrared
images from June 7 to 10, 1998 during HUAMEX and examines 14 meso-α-scale convective systems and a
number of meso-b-scale convective systems using the satellite infrared images at 1-h intervals. The mesoscale
convective systems on June 7 and 9, which resulted in severe rainstorm over the middle of Taiwan and the
estuary region of the Pearl River (Zhujiang R.), are emphatically analyzed. The serial development of mesoscale
convective systems is revealed by the distributions of the black body temperature of satellite infrared images. The
environmental conditions in which many mesoscale convective systems continuously occurred are diagnosed.
The visualizing tool, LiveView, displays the link between the upper and lower horizontal wind fields and the
vertical circulations and 3-dimensional trajectories of moist air motions, based on the data of objective analyses. 相似文献
264.
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267.
9403强热带风暴致洪暴雨Tbb特征分析 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
本文利用1经纬度间隔Tbb资料分析1994年6月9-10日皖、赣致洪暴雨过程的成因。结果指出,登陆北上的9403强热带低压同西风带降水系统相互作用造成了这场大暴雨过程。南北低值系统的叠置使降水系统结构发生变化,在两云系统接合处产生强对流云团,导致降雨量陡增。分析还表明这场致洪暴雨的发生与下面三个因素有关;1.南、北两云系统都有相当尺度和强度;2.南来云团来自ITCZ和西南地区云系的水源补充;3.不 相似文献
268.
利用水汽图象分析中尺度云团 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用NOAA卫星提供的水汽图(6.7μm),配合GMS云图、多普勒雷达照片,分析了中尺度暴雨云团发生的位置、演变及其结构,最后给出了有关方法的预报框图。 相似文献
269.
有限区域卫星云图资料变分分析的试验研究 总被引:25,自引:6,他引:25
资料分析在数值预报中的重要性受到越来越多的关注,星目前常规探测网的时空局限性,利用分辨率较高的非常规资料势在必行。该文利用一个有限区域中尺度模式MM4,采用变分分析技术对有限区域的常规探空资料和非常规云图资料进行变分分析和数值模拟。 相似文献
270.
五大连池火山群的构造环境与喷发机理 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
五大连池火山群位于松辽裂谷的北端,这里的火山活动同裂谷的形成与发展密切相关五大连池火山区发育着典型的“X”型断裂,其次是经向张断裂和纬向压断裂,它们是同一应力场作用下的产物,本文提出了“X”型断裂的形成与发展过程,并认为五大连池区处于“X”型断裂发展的第二阶段,即处于剪切应力的最大值阶段,两组断裂呈正交。 相似文献