中国地区制造业竞争力类型划分

借鉴国内外相关研究,遵从科学性、系统性、动态性和可操作性原则,针对我国区域经济特点,从规模、市场、效率、成长、结构和创新6方面选取11个指标构建我国地区制造业竞争力评价指标体系,以省区为单位,从宏观层面划分我国地区制造业竞争力类型,旨在对不同类型区制造业竞争力的提升提供理论依据。研究表明:根据竞争力综合指数,1985年和2003年我国各省区制造业竞争力均可划分为最强、较强、一般、较弱和最弱五类;结合近20年来各省(市、区)制造业综合竞争力在全国的位次变化,可将其划分为高水平稳定型、较高水平波动型、低水平波动型和较低水平振动型四类;根据竞争力内部结构,可将其划分为绝对市场主导型、强创新弱市场型、规模-成长主导型、结构基本均衡型和结构特殊不均衡型五类。     

Deriving Changjiang coastal zone wind from C-band SAR and its application to salinity simulation

Wind plays an important role in hydrodynamic processes such as the expansion of Changjiang （Yangtze） River Diluted Water （CDW）, and shelf circulation in the Changjiang estuary. Thus, it is essential to include wind in the numerical simulation of these phenomena. Synthetic aperture radar （SAR） with high resolution and wide spatial coverage is valuable for measuring spatially inhomogeneous ocean surface wind fields. We have collected 87 ERS-2 SAR images with wind-induced streaks that cover the Cbangjiang coastal area, to verify and improve the validity of wind direction retrieval using the 2D fast Fourier transform method. We then used these wind directions as inputs to derive SAR wind speeds using the C-band model. To demonstrate the applicability of the algorithms, we validated the SAR-retrieved wind fields using QuikSCAT measurements and the atmospheric Weather Research Forecasting model. In general, we found good agreement between the datasets, indicating the reliability and applicability of SAR- retrieved algorithms under different atmospheric conditions. We investigated the main error sources of this process, and conducted sensitivity analyses to estimate the wind speed errors caused by the effect of speckle, uncertainties in wind direction, and inaccuracies in the normalized radar cross section. Finally, we used the SAR-retrieved wind fields to simulate the salinity distribution off the Changjiang estuary. The findings of this study will be valuable for wind resource assessment and the development of future numerical ocean models based on SAR images.     

黄河源区生态环境退化研究

生态环境退化是黄河源区所面临的重要的生态问题和社会经济问题。源区生态环境退化不但影响本区经济的可持续发展,而且对中下游地区的生态环境和水文条件构成很大威胁。在收集区内现有研究成果的基础上,通过对2000年TM影像的解译,对黄河源区生态环境退化现状和特征作了全面系统的研究。源区生态环境退化主要表现在冰川退缩、冻土面积的减小和冻融侵蚀面积的扩大,植被退化和土地退化的加剧等过程。最后,在分析未来气候变化和人类活动的基础上,对生态环境变化趋势作了预测。     

氯化钠浮选剂概述

综述了各类氯化钠浮选剂对氯化钠的浮选。并对各类浮选剂的浮选性能进行了比较。     

多中心空间结构经济绩效的研究进展及启示

通过回顾国外多中心经济绩效的相关理论与实证研究,探讨多中心空间结构的经济绩效,特别是单中心与多中心绩效的对比研究,得出如下结论：由于城市之间可以通过“互借规模”、发挥专业化分工与协作的比较优势,加之较小的城市规模可以相对避免集聚不经济的产生,多中心空间结构理论上可以获得同等规模单一城市享有的集聚经济;受城市规模、发展阶段、地理空间尺度、功能联系、行业构成的异质性等因素影响,多中心空间结构的经济绩效表现不一。最后提出了深化国内研究的方向以及相关政策启示。     

地球磁场对太阳风的加载响应与地震

地磁预报地震的方法越来越多,本文应用加卸载响应比方法,分析山西地区2009—2016年观测的加卸载响应比与山西地区4.0级地震之间的对应关系,初步给出适用于山西地区震例特征的磁异常判别指标。     

移动Agent 在集群系统中的应用研究

从任务级的角度，在基于主／从模式的集群系统中引入了移动Agent技术，建立了基于移动Agent的并行计算模型。基于该模型，对移动Agent之间的通信接口、容错机制和负载平衡策略等问题进行了研究。     

The 21-cm forest

We examine the prospects for studying the pre-reionization intergalactic medium (IGM) through the so-called 21-cm forest in spectra of bright high-redshift radio sources. We first compute the evolution of the mean optical depth τ for models that include X-ray heating of the IGM gas, Wouthuysen–Field coupling, and reionization. Under most circumstances, the spin temperature T _S grows large well before reionization begins in earnest; this occurs so long as the X-ray luminosity of high-redshift starbursts (per unit star formation rate) is comparable to that in nearby galaxies. As a result,  τ≲ 10⁻³  throughout most of reionization, and background sources must sit well beyond the reionization surface in order to experience absorption that is measurable by square-kilometre class telescopes. H  ii regions produce relatively large 'transmission gaps' and may therefore still be observable during the early stages of reionization. Absorption from sheets and filaments in the cosmic web fades once T _S becomes large and should be rare during reionization. Minihaloes can produce strong (albeit narrow) absorption features. Measuring their abundance would yield useful limits on the strength of feedback processes in the IGM as well as their effect on reionization.     

Performance‐based design using structural optimization

A new methodology for seismic design is proposed based on structural optimization with performance‐based constraints. Performance‐based criteria are introduced for the seismic design of new buildings. These criteria are derived from the National Guidelines for Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings (Reference [19], Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), ‘NHERP Guidelines for seismic rehabilitation of buildings’, Report Nos 273 and 274, Washington, DC, 1997) for retrofitting existing structures. The proposed design methodology takes into account the non‐linear behaviour of the structure. The goal is to incorporate in the design the actual performance levels of the structure, i.e. how much reserve capacity the structure has in an earthquake of a given magnitude. The optimal design of the structure minimizes the structural cost subjected to performance constraints on plastic rotations of beams and columns, as well as behavioural constraints for reinforced concrete frames. Uncertainties in the structural period and in the earthquake excitation are taken into account using convex models. The optimization routine incorporates a non‐linear analysis program and the procedure is automated. The proposed methodology leads to a structural design for which the levels of reliability (performance levels) are assumed to be quantifiable. Furthermore, the entire behaviour of the structure well into the non‐linear range is investigated in the design process. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.