动态位姿激光跟踪测量定向解算精度分析

激光跟踪仪采用激光干涉测量技术,可对空间运动目标进行跟踪并实时测量其空间三维坐标,具有采样频率高、测量精度高、测量范围大等特点。根据测量对象动态性的特点,对动态位姿测量的需求更加迫切,由多台激光跟踪仪组成的测量系统对目标进行实时动态位姿测量引起人们的关注。文中由3台激光跟踪仪组成动态测量系统,建立测站坐标系,根据空间直角坐标系转换模型统一测量坐标系,提出两种转换参数的计算方法,并通过实验验证两种方法的可行性和精度。     

基于三维激光扫描技术的表面积测绘

介绍表面积测绘的原理,讨论三维激光扫描技术应用于表面积计算的方法、流程及优势,并以某垃圾填埋场封场覆膜表面积测绘为例,采用三维激光扫描技术获取点云计算表面积,并与已知值进行比较。实验结果表明,基于三维激光扫描技术的方法结合相关参数经验值得到的结果能满足高精度表面积量算的需求,从而为高精度表面积量算提供高效全新的技术手段。     

关于Google Earth在测量工作中的应用

介绍了Google Earth的常见功能,对其在现代测量过程中的项目预算、测量控制网设计、施测和管理等方面的应用结合工作实际进行详细说明,通过笔者在实际工作过程中对Google Earth的使用,说明其应用减少测量的外业工作强度,提高了测量的工作效率,节约了生产成本。     

基于Android系统的重力仪数据采集及计算软件开发

针对目前重力测量数据处理软件多是基于Windows系统,而这与携带Android移动设备相比多有不便的问题,该文提出了一种基于Android系统的重力数据采集及计算软件的开发。按照国家重力测量规范,针对CG-5型相对重力仪,设计研发了一款基于Android系统平台的重力数据采集及计算软件,较好地方便了用户野外携带。其具有新建、打开测线、数据采集处理、点之记拍照、导航定位、数据查询、信息标定、CG-5数据文档读取、报表生成等功能。在数据处理模块的传统改正项中,新增了海潮负荷改正和地下水变化改正,减少了误差项。通过将软件用于实地重力测量计算,证实该软件运行流畅、结果正确,提高了相对重力测量内外业一体化效率。     

观光型旅游地游客动机、交往意愿和体验质量之关系——以世界自然遗产地三清山为例

随着旅游业的发展,旅游情境下的主客交往方式愈发多元和复杂。现阶段旅游地主客交往的研究较多关注当地居民,而从游客视角深入研究旅游动机、主客交往意愿和旅游体验的相互影响机制较少。本文选取世界自然遗产地三清山为案例地,以实地问卷调查数据为基础,从主客交往意愿角度切入,构建了观光型旅游地游客视角的MCE(动机—交往意愿—体验质量)模型,并运用多群组的结构方程模型进行恒等性检验。结果表明：①三清山游客的旅游动机可以划分为体验生活、刺激/冒险、放松/逃避和社交/求知4种类型,主客交往意愿则划分为适度交往和密切交往2种维度;②体验生活、放松/逃避和社交/求知动机对适度交往意愿存在显著影响,刺激/冒险、放松/逃避动机和社交/求知动机对密切交往意愿存在显著影响;③密切交往意愿比适度交往意愿更能影响游客的旅游体验质量;④分别对三清山男女样本进行多群组分析,因素恒等性检验显示模型具有跨样本的稳定性。     

GIS叠置位置不确定度的统计估计方法

针对手工数字化地形图的GIS数据，利用多层叠置上的同名点坐标来估计位置数据的不确定性，提出了一套计算方法。主要内容包括运用成对子样序列的t检验法，对两层叠置的手工数字化数据进行了粗差检验，提出了单位权方差的综合估计方法。其特点是应用统计检验和统计估计原理，使得到的结果更合理和简捷。     

绝对重力测量值的改正

从实用角度出发，研究了在中国重力基本网2000（CGBN2000）精度要求下，仪器误差、潮汐引力、气压、极移和地下水变化等影响因素的计算公式和存在的问题，给出了一组便于实际测量应用的计算公式；同时对潮汐因子的取值、海潮模型的选取、非构造因素中地下水活动等问题进行了讨论。     

Influence of statistical time range on estimating seismicity parameters

Introduction At present, the current probabilistic method of seismic hazard analysis in the world is gener-ally adopted in seismic safety evaluation (Cornell, 1968). It supposed that earthquake occurrence conforms to the segmented Poisson distribution model in time and space and the proportional rela-tion among earthquakes of various magnitudes obeys the cut-exponential distribution law in a sta-tistical area in compiling Seismic Intensity Zoning Map in China (1990) owing to the temporal- sp…     

Traditional and New Ways to Handle Uncertainty in Geology

The paper presents an overview of the main types of uncertainty in geology. The best guess and uncertainty oriented approaches are outlined. Traditional methods of uncertainty analysis—deterministic and probabilistic—are discussed with special references to their limitations in geology. New mathematical methods, developed during the last decades are suitable to handle uncertainty in geology in scalar, spatial, and spatial-temporal conditions, such as uncertainty intervals, fuzzy sets, probability bounds, neural networks, hybrid arithmetic and fuzzy geostatistics. Geological applicability of these methods is discussed. Uncertainty of risk analysis for geological purposes also is outlined.     

Additional Samples: Where They Should Be Located

Information for mine planning requires to be close spaced, if compared to the grid used for exploration and resource assessment. The additional samples collected during quasimining usually are located in the same pattern of the original diamond drillholes net but closer spaced. This procedure is not the best in mathematical sense for selecting a location. The impact of an additional information to reduce the uncertainty about the parameter been modeled is not the same everywhere within the deposit. Some locations are more sensitive in reducing the local and global uncertainty than others. This study introduces a methodology to select additional sample locations based on stochastic simulation. The procedure takes into account data variability and their spatial location. Multiple equally probable models representing a geological attribute are generated via geostatistical simulation. These models share basically the same histogram and the same variogram obtained from the original data set. At each block belonging to the model a value is obtained from the n simulations and their combination allows one to access local variability. Variability is measured using an uncertainty index proposed. This index was used to map zones of high variability. A value extracted from a given simulation is added to the original data set from a zone identified as erratic in the previous maps. The process of adding samples and simulation is repeated and the benefit of the additional sample is evaluated. The benefit in terms of uncertainty reduction is measure locally and globally. The procedure showed to be robust and theoretically sound, mapping zones where the additional information is most beneficial. A case study in a coal mine using coal seam thickness illustrates the method.