地应力驱动油气运移基本方程及有限元模拟

首先叙述了地应力作用下空隙弹性介质中流体运移的基本方程及由基本方程推导的有限元公式。然后,在地应力测量及构造分析的基础上,应用所给出的有限元公式及相应程序,对辽河油田运移势场进行了模拟,得出了该区运移势场的分布。结果表明,处于运移势低势区及过渡区的地区大部分是有希望的油田地区。结合构造分析进行地应力和运移势场研究可为油气勘探开发提供依据。      

双通道能见度自动测量仪研究

从透射和散射的原理出发,推导了基于红外测量的双通道能见度仪的工程测量方程,比较了单通道和双通道能见度测量仪的性能,结果表明,双通道能见度测量仪具有精度高、性能稳定、使用可靠、维护量小的特点。     

绝对观测时段对地磁基线值观测质量影响的分析研究

基线值的观测质量是综合评价地磁台观测资料质量的一个重要指标。根据肇庆地磁台2007年9月18日进行的连续46组绝对观测数据．分析研究了相应时段基线值的稳定性及精度。研究结果表明,在磁静日的不同时段进行的绝对观测对基线值的稳定性影响较小,基线值观测精度较高。     

一种适合海洋环境温度测量的新方法

介绍了一种崭新的海洋环境温度测量方法,也可以说是一种崭新的温度测量传感器。它直接输出温度数字量,连接PC机极为方便。文中介绍了该方法的测量原理和特点;介绍了室内和海上的试验情况,给出了试验数据和曲线;展望了广阔的应用前景。     

用于太阳紫外辐射测量传感器的设计

介绍了太阳紫外辐射的测量原理,为了提高入射光学系统的余弦响应特性而设计的余弦漫射器,以及等效辐射平面位置的计算方法。设计了适用于海滨浴场等场所的太阳紫外线辐射传感器的光学系统结构,研制了试验样机,开展了相应的试验,并对试验结果进行了分析。     

印尼海啸区附近海域沉积物声速测量及声学特性分析

介绍了沉积物柱状样超声透射法测量方法和原理.对印尼海啸区附近海域沉积物柱状样进行了现场测量,通过测量数据的处理和分析,给出了沉积物的垂向声速剖面.讨论了声速与频率的关系,指出声速具有随频率的0.1次方增大的频散特性.分析沉积深度、结构以及生物扰动等方面的因素对声学测量结果的影响,结果表明海底地震引起的沉积物变迁、沉积物结构扰动、气体的混入等对声速的测量结果均产生影响.     

Importance of geological information for assessing drain flow in a Danish till landscape

There has, in recent years, been an increasing interest in developing nutrient load mitigation measures focussing on tile drains. To plan the location of such tile drain measures, it is important to know where in the landscape drain flow is generated and to understand the key factors governing drain flow dynamics. In the present study, we test two approaches to assess spatial patterns in drain flow generation and thereby assess the importance of including geological information. The approaches are the widely used topographical wetness index (TWI), based solely on elevation data, and hydrological models that include the subsurface geology. We set‐up an ensemble of 20 hydrological models based on 20 stochastically generated geological models to predict drain flow dynamics in the clay till Norsminde catchment in Denmark and test the results against TWI. We find that the hydrological models predict observed daily drain flow reasonably well. High drain flow volumes were found in stream valleys and in wetlands and lower drain flow volumes in the more hilly parts of the catchment. In spite of the apparent connection to the landscape, there was no statistically significant correlation between TWI and drain flow at grid scale (100 × 100 m). TWI was therefore not found to be a sufficient index on its own to assess where drain flow is generated, especially in the highlands of the catchment. The geology below 3 m was found to have a large impact on the drain flow, and correlations between sand percentage in the subsurface geology and drain flow volume were found to be statistically significant. Geological uncertainty therefore give rise to uncertainty on simulated drain flow, and this uncertainty was found to be high at the model grid scale but decreasing with increasing scale.     

Comparison of scenario‐neutral approaches for estimation of climate change impacts on flood characteristics

Scenario‐neutral assessments of climate change impact on floods analyse the sensitivity of a catchment to a range of changes in selected meteorological variables such as temperature and precipitation. The key challenges of the approach are the choice of the meteorological variables and statistics thereof and how to generate time series representing altered climatologies of the selected variables. Different methods have been proposed to achieve this, and it remains unclear if and to which extent they result in comparable flood change projections. Here, we compare projections of annual maximum floods (AMFs) derived from three different scenario‐neutral methods for a prealpine study catchment. The methods chosen use different types of meteorological data, namely, observations, regional climate model output, and weather generator data. The different time series account for projected changes in the seasonality of temperature and precipitation, in the occurrence statistics of precipitation, and of daily precipitation extremes. Resulting change in mean AMF peak magnitudes and volumes differs in sign between the methods (range of ?6% to +7% for flood peak magnitudes and ?11% to +14% for flood volumes). Moreover, variability of projected peak magnitudes and flood volumes depends on method with one approach leading to a generally larger spread. The differences between the methods vary depending on whether peak magnitudes or flood volumes are considered and different relationships between peak magnitude and volume change result. These findings can be linked to differing flood regime changes among the three approaches. The study highlights that considering selected aspects of climate change only when performing scenario‐neutral studies may lead to differing representations of flood generating processes by the approaches and thus different quantifications of flood change. As each method comes with its own strengths and weaknesses, it is recommended to combine several scenario‐neutral approaches to obtain more robust results.     

用流动形变观测判定强震危险地点的研究

分析了形变异常形成的机理，认为形变异常的空间与时间分布特征可以用断层活动闭锁区的形成及发展来解释，活动断层的闭锁区为强震发生地点。提出了半年至几年时间尺度判定强震危险地点的原则和判定危险区与危险地点的具体方法。     

13．7m抛物面天线增益测量和太阳射电流量密度定标

以新月时月亮的射电辐射为温度基准和准口面温度定标的方法，在２２ＧＨｚ频率上于１９９３年７月～３月测量了１３．７ｍ射电望远镜抛物面天线的增益。根据测量的增益值（６７．１０─±０．０７ｄｂ）定标了太阳射电流量，流量测量的系统差为±５．８％，偶然差为±２．７％，测量的宁静太阳亮温度（非源区）为１０１００±３００Ｋ。除此之外，还推导和计算了不同源模型下的天线方向图改正因子Ｋｓ，并计算了太阳射电源的流量密度。