毛乌素沙漠边缘地区春末夏初沙尘暴天气的物理量场结构

沙尘暴天气是毛乌素沙漠边缘内蒙古、甘肃、宁夏、陕西等地区春末夏初特有的一种灾害性天气。应用欧洲中心再分析资料的气压场和各种物理量场,选取了5个沙尘暴个例,分析了沙尘暴时期各层气压场的特征和物理量的空间结构。结果表明：蒙古高压是影响沙尘暴的主要天气系统。在沙尘暴发生时,蒙古高压前部整层都为宽广而强劲的西北气流,从地面可伸展到200 hPa附近,其物理属性是干、冷,其前部近乎于东北—西南向的区域,是锋区的密集带,也是各种物理量表现最为敏感的区域,垂直速度场为上升运动区,涡度场为正涡度区,高—低层散度差值场为正值,这些物理量都为沙尘暴的发生起到了推动和加强作用。     

Letter to the editor Electric field fluctuations (25–35 min) in the midnight dip equatorial ionosphere

Measurements with a HF Doppler sounder at Kodaikanal (10.2°N, 77.5°E, geomagnetic latitude 0.8°N) showed conspicuous quasi-periodic fluctuations (period 25/35 min) in F region vertical plasma drift, V_z in the interval 0047/0210 IST on the night of 23/24 December, 1991 (A_p = 14, K_p < 4^–). The fluctuations in F region vertical drift are found to be coherent with variations in B_z (north-south) component of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), in geomagnetic H/X components at high-mid latitude locations both in the sunlit and dark hemispheres and near the dayside dip equator, suggestive of DP2 origin. But the polarity of the electric field fluctuations at the midnight dip equator (eastward) is the same as the dayside equator inferred from magnetic variations, contrary to what is expected of equatorial DP2. The origin of the coherent occurrence of equatorial electric field fluctuations in the DP2 range of the same sign in the day and night hemispheres is unclear and merits further investigations.     

Effects of substorms on the stormtime ring current index Dst

There has been some discussion in recent times regarding whether or not substorm expansive phase activity plays any role of importance in the formation of the stormtime ring current. I explore this question using the K_p index as a proxy for substorm expansive phase activity and the D_st index as a proxy for symmetric ring current strength. I find that increases in D_st are mildly related to the strength of substorm expansive phase activity during the development of the storm main phase. More surprisingly, I find that the strength of D_st during the storm recovery phase is positively correlated with the strength of substorm expansive phase activity. This result has an important bearing on the question of how much the Dst index reflects activity other than that of the stormtime symmetric ring current strength for which it is supposed to be a proxy.     

Morphology of NmF2 nighttime increases in the Eurasian sector

A statistical analysis of two peaks (pre-midnight and post-midnight) occurrence in NmF2 daily variations was made on a latitudinal chain of four ionosonde stations in the Eurasian longitudinal sector. Overall 6182 cases of the first and 5600 cases of the second peak occurrence were analyzed using all available foF2 observations for the years of solar maximum and minimum. Well-pronounced and systematic variations with season and solar activity were revealed in the occurrence probability of the peaks, their amplitude and timing. The pattern of both peaks occurrence is similar during winter and equinoxes for midlatitude stations implying one and the same mechanism of their formation. The pre-midnight summer peak shows specific variations in particular during solar maximum pointing to a different mechanism controlling its appearance. Possible mechanisms of both peaks formation are discussed.     

对1954年民勤7级地震的初步研究

较系统地研究了１９５４年民勤７级地震的宏观震中、震区烈度分布及地质构造背景等问题,并圈定了极震区范围,根据调查结果认为,该次地震是由于红崖山－四道山断裂在ＮＥ向或ＮＮＥ向主压应力作用下,发生左旋斜冲向东端扩张破裂的结果,与ＮＮＷ向构造带的复合也有一定的关系。     

华南冬季异常冷月预测概念模型Ⅰ──500 hPa高度场和海温场特征

确定了近４５年华南冬季异常冷月出现的时间,分析了其同期至前期６个月５００ｈＰａ位势高度场和海温场的特征。各异常冷月当月５００ｈＰａ高度场有相似的特征,亚洲－太平洋地区高度场的特征是北高南低,经向环流发展,给出了前期５００ｈＰａ高度场差异显著月的距平特征。华南冬季各异常冷月至其前期６个月海温距平分布有持续性的特征,１月及其前期１～６个月赤道东太平洋ＳＳＴ呈ＥｌＮｉｎｏ特征,２月和１２月呈Ｌａ Ｎｉｎ     

土性平稳随机场的空间统计特性分析

阐明了平稳随机场的空间统计特性,根据平稳随机场各态历经性概念,讨论了土层满足各态历经性的条件,以及计算空间平均方差和相关距离的公式。并结合工程实例,分析了空间平均方差计算的影响因素。     

岩土样本力学参数的模糊统计特征研究

岩土工程参数中的各种信息都存在模糊性。通过对岩土样本力学参数试验值的研究,提出当分析样本统计特征时,应该充分考虑模糊不确定性因素对参数特征值的影响。在确定的参数隶属函数基础上,推导了岩土样本力学参数模糊统计特征值的计算公式,并证明了公式的合理性。应用实例表明,由于文中提出的计算方法考虑了参数模糊性的影响,其计算结果比按常规统计方法得到的结果更具合理性。在任何情况下,模糊方差和模糊变异系数都比常规统计方法得到的方差和变异系数小。分析结果表明,该方法具有广泛的推广价值。     

鄂尔多斯盆地地质地球物理场特征与地壳结构

根据鄂尔多斯盆地的地质、地球物理场资料,分析了该盆地地质、地球特征场特征,反演计算了地壳深部结构,提供了该盆地油气远景区。     

Magnetic perturbations to the acoustic modes of roAp stars

We study the effect of a large-scale surface magnetic field on the non-radial acoustic modes of roAp stars. Special attention is given to the use of a variational principle which is used for determining the shifts in the frequencies with relative ease, enabling us to avoid having to calculate the perturbed eigenfunctions. With knowledge of the frequency shifts we then estimate the eigenfunctions in a simpler, albeit approximate way. The results indicate frequency shifts of the order of few μHz, which depend on the order, degree and azimuthal order of the mode. The loss of energy through Alfvén waves is also estimated from the imaginary parts of the frequency shifts. The results indicate that the loss is particularly high near specific frequencies. This might indicate the presence of a selection effect, which could make some modes more likely to be excited than others. However, our results do not explain why the modes observed appear always to be aligned with the axis of the magnetic field. Finally, the estimated perturbed eigenfunctions contain strong components of spherical harmonics that differ from those of the original unperturbed modes.