澜沧江某电站右坝肩复杂岩体质量分类

笔者通过对澜沧江某电站右岸坝肩复杂岩体的成因进行分析,采用岩体质量指数Z并结合水利水电工程围岩分级和RMR分级等岩体分类方法对电站右岸坝肩的复杂岩体进行了综合分类。     

Multifractal modeling and spatial statistics

In general, the multifractal model provides more information about measurements on spatial objects than a fractal model. It also results in mathematical equations for the covariance function and semivariogram in spatial statistics which are determined primarily by the second-order mass exponent. However, these equations can be approximated by power-law relations which are comparable directly to equations based on fractal modeling. The multifractal approach is used to describe the underlying spatial structure of De Wijs 's example of zinc values from a sphalerite-bearing quartz vein near Pulacayo, Bolivia. It is shown that these data are multifractal instead of fractal, and that the second-order mass exponent (=0.979±0.011 for the example) can be used in spatial statistical analysis.     

Lateral tidal mixing in the Antarctic marginal seas

Tidal mixing plays an important role in the modification of dense water masses around the Antarctic continent. In addition to the vertical (diapycnal) mixing in the near-bottom layers, lateral mixing can also be of relevance in some areas. A numerical tide simulation shows that lateral tidal mixing is not uniformly distributed along the shelf break. In particular, strong mixing occurs all along the Ross Sea and Southern Weddell Sea shelf breaks, while other regions (e.g., the western Weddell Sea) are relatively quiet. The latter regions correspond surprisingly well to areas where indications for cross-shelf exchange of dense water masses have been found. The results suggest that lateral tidal mixing may account for the relatively small contribution of Ross Sea dense water masses to Antarctic Bottom Water.     

Stellar contents of two young open clusters: NGC 663 and 654

UBVRI CCD photometry in a wide field around two young open clusters, NGC 663 and 654, has been carried out. Hα and polarimetric observations for the cluster NGC 654 have also been obtained. We use the photometric data to construct colour–colour and colour–magnitude diagrams, from which we can investigate the reddening, age, mass and evolutionary states of the stellar contents of the these clusters. The reddening across the cluster regions is found to be variable. There is evidence for anomalous reddening law in both clusters; however, more infrared and polarimetric data are needed to conclude about the reddening law. Both clusters are situated at about a distance of 2.4 kpc. Star formation in both clusters is found to be a continuous process. In the case of NGC 663, star formation seems to have taken place sequentially, in the sense that formation of low-mass stars precedes the formation of most massive stars. Whereas, in the case of NGC 654, formation of low-mass stars did not cease after the formation of most massive stars in the cluster.     

佘山重力垂直梯度偏小的原因及其对大地测量的影响

根据推导的公式计算了由山体质量引起的梯度效应,结果与实测值甚为接近。分析了佘山重力垂直梯度偏小的原因,认为这是由于山体质量分布引起的。最后讨论了垂直梯度偏小对重力值的高度归算和大地水准面的影响。     

天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川物质平衡对气候变化的敏感性研究

应用度日物质平衡模式对天山乌鲁木齐河源１号冰川物质平衡及平衡线高度对气候变化的敏感性进行了研究．结果表明,位于大陆性气候区且具有暖季补给特征的乌鲁木齐河源１号冰川物质平衡对气候变化的敏感性要小于海洋性冰川,升温１℃或增加２０％的降水可引起平衡线上升８１ｍ或下降３１ｍ．此外,气温与降水在物质平衡形成过程中的作用是不同的,气温引起物质平衡剖面以旋转方式变化,而降水可导致其平移方式的响应．若未来升温２℃时,即使降水增加３０％,１号冰川向负平衡变化仍然不能得到遏制．     

高亚洲及其邻区2003~2017年质量平衡的气候影响分析

利用重力恢复和气候实验(GRACE)数据获得高亚洲及其邻近地区的质量变化,可分析区域气候因素如印度季风、西风带和厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)对结果的影响。然而,最近的研究发现,西风带的贡献小于厄尔尼诺,与传统研究结论不同。因此,利用2003-01~2017-06期间GRACE RL06的Mascon数据进行复经验正交函数（CEOF）分析。研究发现,前3个主要成分对研究区质量变化的贡献率分别为53%、27%和6%,与印度季风、西风带和ENSO指数的相关系数分别是0.92±0.16、0.70±0.15和0.42±0.15,说明在长达14 a的观测时间跨度内,印度季风、西风带和ENSO对研究区质量变化的贡献分别为53%、27%和6%,西风带是研究区质量变化的第2个影响因素,这支持了传统的研究结论;ENSO通过印度季风对某些区域（如帕米尔高原、喜马拉雅山脉和印度西北部）的质量变化产生影响;在印度西北部、喜马拉雅山脉和藏东南地区,由于印度季风的减弱及其相关的ENSO作用和西风带的加强,质量变化呈现下降趋势;在兴都库什、西昆仑和东昆仑地区,由于西风带的增强,质量变化呈上升的趋势;在帕米尔和天山地区,虽然受到较强西风带的影响,但由于同时受到印度季风和ENSO减弱以及气温上升趋势的影响,质量变化呈下降的趋势。     

甘肃北山牛圈子地区志留纪骆驼圈西岩体的岩石成因及构造意义

北山牛圈子地区的骆驼圈西埃达克岩为过铝质钙碱性岩浆系列,具有高的SiO_2(57.94%)、Al_2O_3(16.66%)和低的MgO(4.32%)含量,较高的Na_2O/K_2O比值(3.13),显示富钠的特征;而在微量元素上,高Sr(589×10~(-6)~1170×10~(-6)),低Y(4.60×10~(-6)~13.90×10~(-6))和Yb(0.43×10~(-6)~1.32×10~(-6));轻重稀土分异明显(La/Dy)N=4.60~13.87、(La/Yb)N=7.17~20.58,Eu异常不明显(Eu/Eu*=0.85~1.32);富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素,而亏损高场强元素Nb,Ta,Ti和重稀土HREE,与世界上典型的俯冲洋壳熔融形成的埃达克岩特征相似。结合区域上埃达克岩的研究成果和岀露的构造位置,以及与牛圈子蛇绿岩的关系,认为骆驼圈西埃达克岩是志留纪(U-Pb年龄为428.9 Ma)时期热的洋壳向公婆泉—东七一山早古生代活动陆缘带俯冲过程中部分熔融的产物。对该岩体的研究,为进一步研究北山造山带早古生代北山洋盆闭合和晚古生代北山洋盆重新裂开提供新的依据。     

中国北方砂栖纤毛虫的空间分布及其驱动因素

为深入了解不同地理尺度因素对驱动微型生物群落空间结构的相对影响,本研究于2020年10月调查了中国北方14个砂质潮间带的砂栖纤毛虫群落。研究结果如下：（1）检获纤毛虫105种,隶属26目65属,按丰度优势依次为帆口目、小胸目和环毛目;（2）黄海、渤海两区域的环境因子存在显著差异,但纤毛虫群落组成趋于相似;（3）偏Mental分析显示,环境条件较空间距离在纤毛虫群落组成的驱动中更为重要,其中盐度、粒度和海滩坡度是解释纤毛虫空间分布的最优环境因子组合,而潮差和溶解无机氮含量是次要影响因子;（4）沿海区域微型生物的强扩散效应在一定程度上掩盖了环境异质性影响。综上,由于沿海生态系统中微型生物受到更少扩散限制,在空间分布格局的形成上,环境条件的影响比空间距离更重要。本研究为海洋微型生物地理学提供了基础数据,有助于在全球变化背景下制定沙滩管理和保护规划。