庙岛南部海域海砂开采对海底地形的影响

利用庙岛南部海域海砂开采区海底地形实测资料,对比分析了海砂开采过程中历年来海底地形地貌的特征变化,发现采砂活动并未引起该区水深发生较大变化。由于动态补偿作用,采砂以后在潮流和波浪的共同作用下,周围海域的泥沙将不断向采砂导致的深槽内填充,并使深槽逐渐变浅。输沙量计算结果表明,长岛海域净供砂量为9.0×104 m3/a。从输沙方向看与潮流和波浪的影响及海底地形的走向密切相关。目前开采量小于3.3×104 m3/a,如果按照目前采砂规模,保证安全生产,采砂工程不会对海底地形、海岸地貌造成明显的影响。     

中国首次环南极科学考察海洋气象环境分析

简要介绍了中国第30次南极科学考察雪龙船首次环南极航线;分析了本次航线的天气系统及其特点,重点分析了环南极航行时的主要天气系统—绕极气旋的影响。同时,并对2014年初"雪龙"号破冰船在南极完成俄罗斯科考船救援后自主脱困的天气过程和冰情进行了初步分析。     

UV-B辐射对2种海洋微藻膜脂过氧化和脱酯化伤害

研究海洋生态系统在调节全球变化中的作用,采用生态毒理学的方法研究了UV-B辐射增强对2种海洋微藻膜的损伤及其差异性。结果表明,随着UV-B辐射剂量的增加,叉鞭金藻(Dicrateriasp.)和三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornu-tum)的光合速率降低。同时,膜相对透性增大,细胞内H2O2含量上升,微粒体膜中磷脂减少,游离脂肪酸增加。表明UV-B辐射增强使2种微藻的膜受到了严重伤害,而且膜伤害的加剧与活性氧的积累和由此引发的膜脂脱酯化有关。2种微藻细胞匀浆中丙二醛(MDA)含量无显著变化,而微粒体膜的MDA含量随着UV-B辐射剂量的加大显著提高。这表明UV-B辐射增强对2种海洋微藻膜的损伤可能是由膜脂过氧化和脱酯化作用共同引起的。     

海水观赏水族缸中不同挂膜法对氮转化的影响

为了构建生态平衡的海水水族缸闭合循环系统，笔者设置了4种海水水族缸挂膜实验缸，缸内分别加入虾肉（腐尸法）、虾肉和硝化细菌（综合法）、硝化细菌（生物制剂法）、自然海水（对照空白缸），定期测定缸内三态氮的含量，通过三态氮含量的变化来判断缸内生物膜的成熟程度．腐尸法和综合法在15d后就能达到氨氮含量稳定，但硝酸盐含量较高；硝化细菌法氨氮含量达到稳定需要28d，而空白对照缸氨氮达到稳定需要35d．在生物膜挂膜后，加入观赏鱼进行实验，发现硝化细菌法和自然海水法所构建的水族缸氨氮含量变化较小，而腐尸法处理的水族缸易引起藻类大量出现．     

Experimental study on mechanical properties of gas hydrate-bearing sediments using kaolin clay

A triaxial system is designed with a temperature range from-20 ℃ to 25 ℃ and a pressure range from 0 MPa to 30 MPa in order to improve the understanding of the mechanical properties of gas hydrate-bearing sediments.The mechanical properties of synthetic gas hydrate-bearing sediments (gas hydrate-kaolin clay mixture) were measured by using current experimental apparatus.The results indicate that:(1) the failure strength of gas hydrate-bearing sediments strongly depends on the temperature.The sediment’s strength increases with the decreases of temperature.(2) The maximum deviator stress increases linearly with the confining pressure at a low-pressure stage.However,it fluctuates at a high-pressure stage.(3) Maximum deviator stress increases with increasing strain rate,whereas the strain-stress curve has no tremendous change until the axial strain reaches approximately 0.5%.(4) The internal friction angles of gas hydrate-bearing sediments are not sensitive to kaolin volume ratio.The cohesion shows a high kaolin volume ratio dependency.     

SⅡ型海洋重力仪的特点及使用问题

最新引进LaCoste ＆ Romberg公司的SⅡ型海洋重力仪,是对S型海洋重力仪进行全自动化控制升级的新型产品,其操作使用模式已在很多方面不同于原有的S型海洋重力仪.在比较新老产品差异的基础上,探讨了SⅡ型海洋重力仪的相关使用问题。     

海洋微藻对UV-B辐射的生理生化响应

用生理生化的方法研究了UV-B辐射对海洋微藻———小新月菱形藻(Nitzschia closte-rium)生理生化的影响。结果表明:(1)随着UV-B暴露时间的延长,UV-B辐射对藻的生长以及光合速率有抑制作用,并且时间越长,抑制作用越明显;(2)UV-B辐射使小新月菱形藻可溶性糖含量降低,而且在最初的2d,UV-B辐射使可溶性糖含量降低迅速,第4天的可溶性糖含量稍有所升高但与第2天相比差异不显著,UV-B辐射第6天,可溶性糖含量又迅速降低;(3)UV-B辐射的可溶性蛋白含量在第2天明显升高,随后又快速下降;(4)对照组的还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量的变化随时间延长而升高,UV-B辐射第2天的GSH含量比初始状态(0d)的GSH含量稍有升高,但变化不明显,第2天之后,GSH含量随时间延长而快速降低;(5)对照组的过氧化物酶(POD)活性随时间延长而升高,UV-B辐射第2天的POD活性比初始状态(0d)的POD活性显著升高,第2天之后,POD活性随时间延长而快速降低。     

海域使用时空数据动态管理技术研究

运用面向对象方法的方法,对Geodatabase数据模型进行扩展,研究了海域使用时空数据的结构化存储技术,实现了历史数据的回溯和海域使用数据的变化跟踪等功能.结合厦门市海域使用动态管理的需求进行了应用研究,结果表明, Geodatabase 扩展数据模型研究成果很好地解决了宗海的历史回溯、变化跟踪、时态关系计算等问题.海域动态管理技术研究对海域管理具有重要意义.     

Assessment of Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cement Stabilized Marine Clay

Two aspects of deep mixing method, the difference relating strength gain in dry jet mixing (DJM, reagent powder introduced into the ground) and cement deep mixing (CDM, reagent slurry introduced into the ground), and prediction of unconfined compressive strength of cement stabilized marine clay, are discussed in this paper. The first part of this paper concentrates on the difference between DJM and CDM on strength gain, and suggests a guideline for DJM and CDM selection. An indicator in terms of water content ratio, which is defined as the ratio of water content to the liquid limit of the soil, is presented by statistical analysis from the laboratory and field test data as a guideline for the selection of DJM or CDM. Based on the laboratory test data, a mathematical model relating strength gain of cement stabilized marine clay to related variables is developed. A new simple index designated as total water-cement ratio, which is defined as the ratio of water weight in the soil-cement to the weight of cement in dry state, is proposed for interpretation of test data of soil-cement. The proposed method is then verified with available test data published by other different researchers.     

The tensile and swelling behavior of cement-stabilized marine clay reinforced with short waste fibers

Abstract

Short waste fibers are used to suppress the expansion and improve the tensile strength of cement-stabilized marine clay (CMC). The fiber-reinforced mechanism and characteristics are revealed by experimental and numerical methods. First, the curing effect of the CMC when adding a composite curing agent is observed by scanning electronic microscopy, as is the contact surface between the fiber and the matrix. Then, the expansion rate and the tensile strength of fiber-reinforced cement-stabilized marine clay (FCMC) are illustrated by an expansion experiment and a direct tensile experiment, respectively. The results show that the sample with the cement content of 0.1% and the fiber length of 10?mm is the best in terms of strength enhancement and expansion inhibition. Finally, the mechanism of fiber reinforcement is discussed following a single fiber pullout experiment and some comprehensive explanations are proposed to verify the results of the tensile experiment. A numerical simulation of a single fiber pullout from a matrix is established by using a cohesive contact model. The comparison between the numerical results and the experimental results shows that the two models can be in good agreement, indicating that the calculation model of the interaction between the fiber and the matrix is realistic.