冬季大尺度流型与夏季中国降水量

对近45年（1951—1995年）前期冬季北半球500 hPa高度距平场和夏季中国降水量进行旋转奇异值分解（RSVD）,研究了耦合相关空间分布的区域特性,同时分析了相关型的时间演变。结果表明,旋转奇异值分解有效地揭示了前期冬季北半球500 hPa大尺度流型与夏季中国降水耦合相关型的区域分布特征,并且物理意义明确。利用Galerkin有限元集中质量法,讨论了非饱和土壤水流动的数值计算模型,用以模拟均质土壤,地下水埋藏很深且在不同的初始和边界条件下的水分运动。通过将第一类边界条件齐次化,而对于第二类非线性边界条件采用变分的办法将其直接转化为已知边界通量的计算,从而容易且较好地处理了带通量约束边界条件。对于入渗或蒸发问题,用通常的在分析比较不同地区降水化学特性时,如果列出各种离子的具体数值,既显得繁琐又不容易得出结论。现提出一种简便方法,即先概括出几种最重要的降水化学特性,分别以字母代表,再把这些特性分成几个等级以数字表示,就能很直观方便地比较这些地区的降水化学特性。还利用权威观测资料,以上述方法具体比较了世界主要酸雨地区的降水化学特性。       

基于耦合线的高隔离度三频分支线耦合器

本文提出了一种应用于无线功率传输系统中的新型三频分支线耦合器.通过在传统分支线耦合器的基础上加载1/4波长短路耦合线来实现3个频段的通带.每个通带之间均保持高的隔离度,且通过改变加载耦合线的奇偶模阻抗值,耦合器通带的中心频率可以在较宽频带范围内调节.对一个工作在0.69/1.0/1.4 GHz的平面三频耦合器模型进行了设计与加工,测试结果与理论期望值吻合较好.     

综合小波分析与分形方法进行弱磁异常识别

利用小波分析塔式算法对单一分形模型数据进行处理,结合"随机共振"理论,对高精度弱磁异常中的噪声和误差进行有效的分析评价,依据趋势分析方法获得的剩余磁异常,提出"加窗移动"最小二乘方法对应用非整数阶微积分的布郎运动正态随机行走进行控制,为高精度弱磁异常的有效识别提供有益的指导.     

A model for the state of brittle failure of the western Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt

The Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) is an igneous arc built above the Middle America subduction zone. Its western section is being extended orthogonally to its axis by several arrays of active normal faults with a combined length of 450 km and including up to 1.5 km of throw. Until now, intra-arc extension in the TMVB has been considered the result of either rifting or retreat of the Rivera and Cocos plates. Observations worldwide and numerical models, however, appear to contradict these ideas. Continental extension in convergent margins takes place where the upper plate moves away from the trench, and the subduction zone is only weakly coupled with the overlying plate. In western Mexico, neither of these relationships applies. A new numerical model presented here is able to explain satisfactorily the state of brittle failure of the TMVB. The model embodies the first-order physics of the northern Middle America subduction zone, and its boundary conditions are consistent with the convergence history of the Rivera and North America plates. Modelling results show that periods of accelerated subduction between the Rivera and North America plates give rise to an increase in suction force under the fore arc. The over-riding plate then bends downwards, building up tensional stress inside the volcanic arc. Failure of the arc follows within 1 million years of pulse initiation. Analysis of the results shows that the steep subduction angle of the Rivera slab, the relief of the volcanic plateau, and the thermal weakening of the lower crust facilitated the failure of the arc. The model demonstrates that a highly coupled subduction zone can cause extension, albeit limited, in the over-riding plate.     

NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS OF EFFECT OF SSTA OVER THE INDIAN OCEAN ON ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION IN THE EXTRATROPICAL LATITUDE

Numerical experiments on forcing dissipation and heating response of dipole (unipole) are carried out using global spectral models with quasi-geostrophic barotropic vorticity equations. For each experiment model integration is run for 90 days on the condition of three-wave quasi-resonance. The results are given as follows: Under the effects of dipole (unipole) forcing source and basic flow intensity, there exist strong interactions among the three planetary waves and quasi-biweekly and intraseasonal oscillation of the three planetary waves. In the meantime, the changes in the intensity of dipole or unipole forcing source and basic flow have different frequency modulation effects on LFO in the middle and higher latitudes. The results of the stream function field of three quasi-resonant waves evolving with time confirm that the low-frequency oscillation exists in extratropical latitude.     

Simulation of double cold cores of the 35°N section in the Yellow Sea with a wave-tide-circulation coupled model

Based on the MASNUM wave-tide-circulation coupled numerical model, the temperature structure along 35°N in the Yellow Sea was simulated and compared with the observations. One of the notable features of the temperature structure along 35°N section is the double cold cores phenomena during spring and summer. The double cold cores refer to the two cold water centers located near 122°E and 125°E from the depth of 30m to bottom. The formation, maintenance and disappearance of the double cold cores are discussed. At least two reasons make the temperature in the center (near 123°E) of the section higher than that near the west and east shores in winter. One reason is that the water there is deeper than the west and east sides so its heat content is higher. The other is invasion of the warm water brought by the Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC) during winter. This temperature pattern of the lower layer (from 30m to bottom) is maintained through spring and summer when the upper layer (0 to 30m) is heated and strong thermocline is formed. Large zonal span of the 35°N section (about 600 km) makes the cold cores have more opportunity to survive. The double cold cores phenomena disappears in early autumn when the west cold core vanishes first with the dropping of the thermocline position. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. G1999043809) and the National Science Foundation of China (No. 49736190).     

The effect of an interface boundary layer on the resonance properties of a buried structure

This paper presents a model for the analysis of the diffraction of plane waves at a cavity in an infinite homogeneous linear elastic medium supported by a segmented lining. An elastic boundary layer is introduced between the cavity lining and the infinite medium. The boundary layer is simulated by ‘elastic boundary conditions’ in which the stress is proportional to the relative displacement of the lining and of the surrounding medium boundary. A closed‐form analytical solution of the problem was obtained using the Fourier–Bessel series, the convergence of which was proven. It was shown that the number of series terms required to obtain a desired level of accuracy can be determined in advance. Using amplitude–frequency response analysis it was shown that the boundary layer produces additional ‘pseudo‐resonance’ frequencies that depend on the layer properties. These frequencies are almost identical to the eigenvalues obtained from the simple analysis of a segmented elastically supported lining. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Coupling snow accumulation and melt rate modules of monthly water balance models with the Jazim monthly water balance model

Several models for simulation of water balance processes in semi-arid mountainous basins were developed by coupling different modules of existing water balance models (WBM). Snow accumulation and snowmelt rate relationships extracted from the McCabe-Markstrom, Guo, Rao-Al Wagdany and WASMOD-M WBMs, originally developed for basins with humid climate, were coupled with the Jazim WBM, primarily developed for arid basins. Karaj Basin, central Iran, with snowy autumn–winter and dry summer periods, was selected to assess model performance. The model parameters were optimized using a genetic algorithm (GA). All coupled models performed better than the non-modified (original) WBMs in the study basin. The coupled Jazim–McCabe-Markstrom model provided the best performance in simulating low and high monthly flows. It estimated the snowmelt runoff values more accurately than other proposed coupled models because the linear relationships used in the snow module of the McCabe-Markstrom model are more compatible with snow variations in the Karaj Basin.     

膝关节痛风性关节炎的CT与MRI分析

目的:探讨膝关节痛风性关节炎的CT和MRI影像特征。方法:回顾分析经手术病理证实的21例膝关节痛风性关节炎的CT和MRI表现,其中12例CT,14例MRI。结果:所有病例均能发现痛风结节,CT显示45个,MRI显示48个,痛风结节位于肌腱和韧带共58个,滑膜或关节腔内15个,骨内11个,其他软组织9个。形态呈条块状31个,结节状31个,线状4个,不规则形27个。骨质破坏CT共发现21处,MRI发现24处,位于骨边缘共30处;MRI显示5处骨质破坏周围骨髓水肿。痛风结节在T1WI均呈低至中等信号;T2WI上39个呈混杂信号,6个呈高信号,3个呈低信号。在5例均行CT及MRI检查膝关节比较中:CT显示痛风结节21个,MRI显示痛风结节18个;CT和MRI在显示骨质破坏的部位均为12处,MRI显示骨髓水肿4处;MRI显示软骨异常共5处。结论:膝关节痛风性关节炎在影像上有一定的特征性,CT更容易发现痛风结节,而MRI更合适于评估软组织情况及炎性改变,综合分析两种影像资料有助于准确诊断痛风性关节炎。     

敞开酸溶-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定石煤钒矿中钒铁铝磷

石煤钒矿资源的勘探、研究和利用均需对其成分进行准确的分析测试,其中钒、铁、铝、磷等主要成分的测定尚未建立标准方法,当前所用的分析测试方法各有不足。采用碱熔电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定石煤钒矿样品时,高浓度的可溶性盐会导致高背景,干扰测定。酸溶法可避免上述问题,但由于常规的氢氟酸-盐酸-硝酸-高氯酸四酸体系不能消除碳和有机质对样品的吸附和包裹,待测成分无法完全释放,需先将样品高温灼烧除碳,过程繁琐。本文采用少量硫酸加四酸的五酸体系处理样品,电热板加热,盐酸浸提,利用硫酸的强氧化性将样品中大量的碳氧化成二氧化碳,免却了灼烧除碳流程,消除了含碳物质对样品的吸附和包裹,显著增强了消解效果。由此建立了ICP-OES测定石煤钒中钒、铁、铝、磷的分析方法,在称样量为0.1g、浓硫酸加入量为0.30mL时,样品消解率达到99%以上。方法检出限为17~51mg/kg,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=11)在1.7%~5.1%之间;相对误差为-4.6%~2.7%。该方法背景低、测定结果准确,可满足石煤钒矿石样品的检测要求。