考虑径向渗透系数变化的真空预压竖井地基固结解析解

针对真空预压条件下竖井地基固结问题,考虑竖井地基扰动区土体径向渗透系数变化的3种模式(扰动区渗透系数为常数、线性变化、抛物线变化)和竖井井阻随时间变化等因素影响;建立数学计算模型,采用解析解法,推导了考虑径向渗透系数因施工扰动而变化的真空预压竖井地基固结问题的解析解。基于此解,编制了计算程序,绘制出了考虑扰动区土体径向渗透系数变化和竖井井阻随时间变化影响的真空预压竖井地基固结曲线图。研究表明:井阻变化率对固结速率有较大影响;在土体扰动区径向渗透系数变化的3种模式中,渗透系数为抛物线变化时固结速率最快,渗透系数为线性时次之,渗透系数为常数时固结速率最慢。     

多信息多技术深度速度建模技术在复杂构造中的应用研究

中国西部等复杂区的油气勘探潜力较大,但地质条件复杂,造成常规偏移成像的精度不够,给解释带来了诸多困难。根据其地质特点,围绕高精度成像的需求,开展高精度速度建模技术研究,形成了配套的技术策略,为其进一步改善复杂区的成像精度,落实勘探目标奠定了基础。在该配套技术中:基于真地表的速度建模技术可以通过真地表数据准备来解决现有大圆滑偏移基准面对成像波场的改变、初至层析近地表建模技术的应用弥补了反射建模技术在近地表应用的不足、多信息约束速度建模可提高速度模型的可靠性、各向异性假设的成像技术更加接近复杂构造地下介质的假设,这些技术的配套应用可以有效提高复杂区成像位置的精度和准确度。在实际资料中的应用充分说明该技术的有效性。     

Sound velocity and density of liquid Ni68S32 under pressure using ultrasonic and X-ray absorption with tomography methods

A new experimental setup for simultaneous P-wave velocity (V_P) and density (ρ) measurements for liquid alloys is developed using ultrasonic and X-ray absorption methods combined with X-ray tomography at high pressures and high temperatures. The new setup allows us to directly determine adiabatic bulk moduli (K_S) and to discuss the correlation between the V_P and ρ of the liquid sample. We measured V_P and ρ of liquid Ni₆₈S₃₂ up to 5.6 GPa and 1045 K using this technique. The effect of pressure on the V_P and ρ values of liquid Ni₆₈S₃₂ is similar to that of liquid Fe₅₇S₄₃. (Both compositions correspond to near-eutectic ones.) The obtained K_S values are well fitted to the finite strain equation with a $K_{{\text{S}}_0}$ value (K_S at ambient pressure) of 31.1 GPa and a dK_S/dP value of 8.44. The measured V_P was found to increase linearly with increasing ρ, as approximated by the relationship: V_P [m/s] = 1.29 ρ [kg/m³] – 5726, suggesting that liquid Ni–S follows an empirical linear relationship, Birch's law. The dV_P/dρ slope is similar between Ni₆₈S₃₂ and Fe₅₇S₄₃ liquids, while the V_P–ρ plot of liquid Ni–S is markedly different from that of liquid Fe–S, which indicates that the effect of Ni on Birch's law is important for understanding the V_P–ρ relation of planetary and Moon's molten cores.     

An experimental investigation of the effects of thawed soil depth on rill flow velocity

Water flow velocity is an important hydraulic variable in hydrological and soil erosion models, and is greatly affected by freezing and thawing of the surface soil layer in cold high-altitude regions. The accurate measurement of rill flow velocity when impacted by the thawing process is critical to simulate runoff and sediment transport processes. In this study, an electrolyte tracer modelling method was used to measure rill flow velocity along a meadow soil slope at different thaw depths under simulated rainfall. Rill flow velocity was measured using four thawed soil depths (0, 1, 2 and 10 cm), four slope gradients (5°, 10°, 15° and 20°) and four rainfall intensities (30, 60, 90 and 120 mm·h⁻¹). The results showed that the increase in thawed soil depth caused a decrease in rill flow velocity, whereby the rate of this decrease was also diminishing. Whilst the rill flow velocity was positively correlated with slope gradient and rainfall intensity, the response of rill flow velocity to these influencing factors varied with thawed soil depth. The mechanism by which thawed soil depth influenced rill flow velocity was attributed to the consumption of runoff energy, slope surface roughness, and the headcut effect. Rill flow velocity was modelled by thawed soil depth, slope gradient and rainfall intensity using an empirical function. This function predicted values that were in good agreement with the measured data. These results provide the foundation for a better understanding of the effect of thawed soil depth on slope hydrology, erosion and the parameterization scheme for hydrological and soil erosion models.     

Rill flow resistance law under equilibrium bed‐load transport conditions

In this paper, a recently deduced flow resistance equation for open channel flow was tested under equilibrium bed‐load transport conditions in a rill. First, the flow resistance equation was deduced applying dimensional analysis and the incomplete self‐similarity condition for the flow velocity distribution. Then, the following steps were carried out for developing the analysis: (a) a relationship (Equation  13 ) between the Γ function of the velocity profile, the rill slope, and the Froude number was calibrated by the available measurements by Jiang et al.; (b) a relationship (Equation  17 ) between the Γ function, the rill slope, the Shields number, and the Froude number was calibrated by the same measurements; and (c) the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor values measured by Jiang et al. were compared with those calculated by the rill flow resistance equation with Γ estimated by Equations  13 and 17 . This last comparison demonstrated that the rill flow resistance equation, in which slope and Shields number, representative of sediment transport effects, are introduced, is characterized by the lowest values of the estimate errors.     

基于LMS滤波的地基增强系统电离层异常检测

针对地基增强系统(GBAS)中传统电离层异常检测方法无法同时兼顾检测精度与灵敏度的问题,通过构造单通道变步长最小均方(LMS)自适应滤波器以抑制伪码-载波偏离度高频噪声。单通道LMS自适应滤波器是在标准双通道LMS自适应滤波器的基础上,利用被检测信号短时相关性及其量化噪声的非相关性,构造一个采用被检测信号延时量作为参考输入的自适应滤波器,同时对Sigmoid函数进行改进,使得自适应滤波器在前期收敛速度快,且待滤波器收敛后保持较高稳定性。实验结果表明,在相同卫星仰角与电离层时间梯度值下,采用LMS自适应滤波器后电离层异常检测时间缩短,且当电离层时间梯度较小时,该方法也能够实现异常检测,验证了其有效性。     

DPM模型在塔克拉玛干沙漠地区的适用性研究

局限于仅有观测数据的情况下,利用模拟手段研究土壤风蚀引起的粉尘释放是非常必要的,有助于评估区域土壤风蚀及大气环境质量和气候效应。本文通过分析塔克拉玛干沙漠观测站不同高度层风速及计算平均摩阻风速,利用DPM模型计算粉尘释放通量,综合分析了摩阻风速与粉尘释放通量的相互关系。结果表明：1）不同观测日不同高度层的风速变化各不相同,2m高度层风速的变化范围是0.05～7.73 m·s-1,4m高度层风速的变化范围是0.09～7.19 m·s-1,10m高度层风速的变化范围是0.5～8.09 m·s-1。2）4月1日～4月30日各个观测日24小时内平均摩阻风速分别为0.423 m·s-1、0.344 m·s-1、0.271 m·s-1、0.343 m·s-1、0.161 m·s-1、0.315 m·s-1,其变化范围为0.16～0.42 m·s-1。3）DPM模型研究发现实测跃移通量约为模拟值的122%,模拟值与实测值相关性较好,R2为0.91。上述研究结果对定量评估区域乃至全疆的土壤风蚀对粉尘释放通量的影响具有重要意义。     

DPM模型在塔克拉玛干沙漠地区的适用性研究

局限于仅有观测数据的情况下,利用模拟手段研究土壤风蚀引起的粉尘释放是非常必要的,有助于评估区域土壤风蚀及大气环境质量和气候效应。本文通过分析塔克拉玛干沙漠观测站不同高度层风速及计算平均摩阻风速,利用DPM模型计算粉尘释放通量,综合分析了摩阻风速与粉尘释放通量的相互关系。结果表明：1）不同观测日不同高度层的风速变化各不相同,2m高度层风速的变化范围是0.05～7.73 m·s-1,4m高度层风速的变化范围是0.09～7.19 m·s-1,10m高度层风速的变化范围是0.5～8.09 m·s-1。2）4月1日～4月30日各个观测日24小时内平均摩阻风速分别为0.423 m·s-1、0.344 m·s-1、0.271 m·s-1、0.343 m·s-1、0.161 m·s-1、0.315 m·s-1,其变化范围为0.16～0.42 m·s-1。3）DPM模型研究发现实测跃移通量约为模拟值的122%,模拟值与实测值相关性较好,R2为0.91。上述研究结果对定量评估区域乃至全疆的土壤风蚀对粉尘释放通量的影响具有重要意义。     

An Extreme Monsoonal Heavy Rainfall Event over Inland South China in June 2023: A Synoptic Causes Analysis

An extreme monsoonal heavy rainfall event lasted for nine days and recurred in the interior of northern south China from June 13 to 21, 2022. Using regional meteorological stations and ERA5 reanalysis data, the causes of this extreme monsoonal rainfall event in south China were analyzed and diagnosed. The results are shown as follows. A dominant South Asian high tended to be stable near the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, providing favorable upper-level dispersion conditions for the occurrence of heavy rainfall in south China. A western Pacific subtropical high dominated the eastern part of the South China Sea, favoring stronger and more northward transport of water vapor to the northern part of south China at lower latitudes than normal. The continuous heavy precipitation event can be divided into two stages. The first stage (June 13-15) was the frontal heavy rainfall caused by cold air (brought by an East Asian trough) from the mid-latitudes that converged with a monsoonal airflow. The heavy rains occurred mostly in the area near a shear in front of the center of a synoptic-system-related low-level jet (SLLJ), and the jet stream and precipitation were strongest in the daytime. The second stage (June 16-21) was the warm-sector heavy rainfall caused by a South China Sea monsoonal low-level jet penetrating inland. The heavy rainfall occurred on the windward slope of the Nanling Mountains and in the northern part of a boundary layer jet (BLJ). The BLJ experienced five nighttime enhancements, corresponding well with the enhancement of the rainfall center, showing significant nighttime heavy rainfall characteristics. Finally, a conceptual diagram of inland-type warm-sector heavy rainfall in south China is summarized.     

山东地壳运动速度场模型建立与分析

建立高精度的地壳运动速度场模型是实现区域大地基准动态维持,反映地面形变,保障基础设施工程建设的重要途径。针对点位分布密集、精度可靠和多年连续重复观测等准确获取区域地壳运动速度场模型的关键问题,通过对山东及周边省份2010年1月—2015年11月连续近6a的130座连续运行参考站点在ITRF2008框架下进行处理,获取时间序列。首次完整建立了山东省地壳运动速度场模型。通过模型分析表明:水平方向,山东省地壳整体向东南方向运动,平均速率为34.3mm/a,运动方向为SE110.25°;垂直方向,鲁中山区及胶东半岛地区地壳较为稳定,鲁北、鲁西等华北平原地区存在显著沉降,最大沉降量位于广饶漏斗区,年沉降量81.6mm/a。