基于GPS和水准数据的微粒群算法联合反演祁连山北缘断裂三维滑动速率

将微粒群算法与位错理论模型相结合,采用中国地壳运动观测网络提供的青藏高原地区2001~2004年GPS测量数据和2000~2006年水准测量数据,通过常规定权和附有相对权比的方法对祁连山北缘断裂的三维滑动速率进行联合反演,并与蚁群算法反演结果进行对比。结果表明,微粒群算法收敛速度快、稳定性高,结合经典位错理论模型,是一种可以有效求解断层三维滑动速率反演问题的优化算法,在大地测量反演领域极具应用潜力。     

基于HYCOM再分析数据研究琉球海流的形成与起源

The origin of the Ryukyu Current(RC) and the formation of its subsurface velocity core were investigated using a 23-year(1993–2015) global Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model(HYCOM) dataset. The volume transport of the RC comes from the Kuroshio eastward branch(KEB) east of Taiwan and part of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre(pNPSG). From the surface to 2 000 m depth, the KEB(p-NPSG) transport contributes 41.5%(58.5%) to the mean total RC transport. The KEB originally forms the subsurface velocity core of the RC east of Taiwan due to blockage of the subsurface Kuroshio by the Ilan Ridge(sill depth: 700 m). Above 700 m, the Kuroshio can enter the East China Sea(ECS) over the Ilan Ridge, meanwhile, the blocked Kuroshio below 700 m turns to the right and flows along the Ryukyu Islands. With the RC flowing northeastward, the p-NPSG contribution strengthens the subsurface maximum structure of the RC owing to the blockage of the Ryukyu Ridge. In the surface layer, the pNPSG cannot form a stable northeastward current due to frequent disturbance by mesoscale eddies and water exchange through the gaps(with net volume transport into ECS) between the Ryukyu Islands.     

海底爆破振动强度衰减规律及中华白海豚保护措施研究

为确保海底爆破施工所诱发的振动不对中华白海豚造成危害,基于量纲分析法对萨道夫斯基经验公式进行修正,建立适用于预测海底爆破质点峰值振动速度的相似准数方程。在此基础上根据现场试验数据进行非线性回归运算,得到相关参数并分析了海底爆破振动强度衰减规律。分析表明:海底爆破质点峰值振速主要由单段装药量、监测点距爆心水平距离、覆盖层厚度及海水深度等因素决定。将参数值分别代入萨氏公式及新建公式计算预测值并进行误差估计,其平均误差分别为20.3%和10.0%,新建公式提高了对质点振速预测的准确性。利用新建公式及超压内安全振速估算保护中华白海豚的安全距离并提出相应的保护措施,为同类工程施工提供理论参考依据。     

长条状粗颗粒在垂直管路中最小输送速度试验研究

随着陆地金属资源的日益枯竭,深海矿产资源已经成为各国的重要战略目标。在深海采矿过程中,海底锰结核的形状除了圆球状,还有长条状等,颗粒形状对固液两相流管道输送特性具有很大影响。基于固液两相流垂直管道提升输送试验系统,探究不同工况下长条状颗粒在垂直上升流中最小输送速度的变化规律及特性,并得到了长条状群体颗粒最小输送速度计算公式。结果表明:长条状颗粒在垂直管道中上升过程中,颗粒中心轴与输送方向趋向于垂直,使颗粒在管道截面的投影面积最大化;长条状单颗粒的最小输送速度随着颗粒长径比增大而减小;在不同长径比工况下,随着管段颗粒平均浓度减小,长条状群体颗粒的最小输送速度均增大,且随着长径比增大,群最小输送速度减小。     

声速剖面EOF表示的第一模态解析

为实现对声速剖面EOF表示后第一模态时间系数和空间函数变化规律的解析,提出了一种简化的声速剖面变化模型,即"拐点"深度值和声速值的变化;声速梯度的变化和表层海水温度周期性变化所引起的海水声速变化,通过将4种因素所引起的第一模态空间函数的变化规律与实际声速剖面簇第一模态空间函数的变化规律对比,分析引起实测声速剖面变化的主要因素,最后,分别用深海和浅海实测声速剖面数据对其进行验证。     

Estimating surface ice velocity on Chhota Shigri glacier from satellite data using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique

Information about the surface ice velocity is one of the important parameters for Mass balance and Glacier dynamics. This study estimates the surface ice velocity of Chhota Shigri glacier using Landsat (TM/ETM+) and ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) temporal data-sets from a period of 2009 to 2016 and 2006 to 2007, respectively. A correlation based Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique has been used for the estimation of surface ice velocity. This technique uses multiple window sizes in the same data-set. Four window sizes (low, medium, high, very high) are used for each image pair. Estimated results have been compared with the published data. The outcomes attained from the medium window size closely matches with the published results. The estimated mean surface ice velocities of medium window size are 24 and 28.5 myr^?1 for 2009/2010 and 2006/2007 images pair. Highest velocity is observed in middle part of the glacier while lowest in the accumulation zone of the glacier.     

利用多面函数拟合和欧拉矢量法建立福建省GPS速度场模型

通过处理福建省卫星导航定位基准服务系统(FJCORS)2013-2015年观测资料,获得GPS站实测运动速度值,在此基础上,分别利用多面函数拟合法和欧拉矢量法构建了福建省及周边区域GPS速度场模型.内符合精度方面,多面函数拟合的速度精度南北分量为1.06 mm/a、东西分量为2.00 mm/a;欧拉矢量法得到的速度精度南北分量为1.36 mm/a、东西分量为1.22 mm/a.外符合精度方面,两种方法模拟得到的检核点速度值与实测速度值的较差均在±2.28 mm/a以内.在福建省陆域内,两种方法得到的速度场具有高度的一致性,运动速度均为35 mm/a左右,运动方向为SE-E向.     

基于GPS速度场的云南地壳应力积累特征分析

利用2009~2015年的GPS水平运动速度场数据,解算云南地区的地壳应变场,在红河断裂与曲江断裂选取两个GPS剖面,计算并分析两个断裂的应变积累特征。结果显示：1）红河、曲江、小江等多个主要断裂应变场存在张、压交替的时空演化特征,近期曲江断裂南段表现为东西向拉张,红河断裂北段东西向拉张量值较大,约12.0×10-8/a,云南南部主要表现为NNE向的压性变化;2）从GPS剖面看,红河、曲江断裂在两个方向上均显示右旋走滑与拉张的变化特征,从量值上看,红河断裂北段运动速率较大,约8.90 mm/a。     

A multi-scale 3-D crust velocity model in the Hefei-Chao Lake area around the southern segment of Tanlu Fault Zone

Regional high-precision velocity models of the crust are an important foundation for examining seismic activity, seismogenic environments, and disaster distribution characteristics. The Hefei-Chao Lake area contains the main geological units of Hefei Basin, with thick sediments and the Chao Lake depression. Several major concealed faults of the southern NNE-trending Tanlu Fault Zone cross this area. To further explore the underground distribution characteristics of the faults and their tectonic evolutionary relationship with adjacent tectonic units, this study used ambient noise data recorded by a seismic array deployed in Hefei City and Chao Lake, constructing a 3-D velocity model at the depth of 1–8 km. Then a multi-scale high-resolution 3-D velocity model of this area was constructed by this new upper crustal velocity model with the previous middle and lower crustal model. The new model reveals that a high-velocity belt is highly consistent with the strike of the Tanlu Fault Zone, and a low-velocity sedimentary characteristic is consistent with the Hefei Basin and Chao Lake depression. The distribution morphology of high and low velocity bodies shows that the sedimentary pattern of Hefei-Chao Lake area is closely related to the tectonic evolution of the Tanlu Fault Zone since the Mesozoic. This study also identifies multiple low-velocity anomalies in the southeastern Hefei City. We speculate that strong ground motion during the 2009 Feidong earthquake (magnitude of 3.5) was related to amplification by the thick sediments in the Hefei Basin. We also discuss further applications of multi-scale high-resolution models of the shallow layer to strong ground motion simulations in cities and for earthquake disaster assessments.     

华北北部不同构造单元地壳速度模型——均匀分层介质反射波走时反演的结果

从广义反演理论出发,对多层反射波的走时联合反演,可以同时获得所有的各层速度及厚度参数。其优点是在不需要把问题线性化过程的同时,统一考虑了各层反射波走时的离散对整个地壳模型的影响,又可兼顾观测数据的不同误差分布。本文将该方法进行了数值模拟并应用于华北北部的几个不同构造单元,反演得出了其反射P波速度结构,并与正演结果进行了对比。