中国铝土岩系中伴生钪资源富集规律及富集机制初探

钪(Sc)作为新世纪的重要资源,广泛分布于自然界中,但其分布极为稀散,钪的独立矿物稀少,独立矿床几乎没有。铝土岩系中的钪资源储量巨大,本文统计了中国各铝土矿成矿带Sc数据,在对比山西(断隆)成铝区、华北陆块南缘成铝区、渝南—黔北成铝带、黔中成铝区和滇东南—桂西成铝区的数据基础上,发现滇东南—桂西成铝区的Sc含量最高,含钪铝土岩系形成时代主要为石炭纪和二叠纪。通过对比分析A/S与钪的关系,在A/S小于2.5,钪的含量总体较高,且与A/S正相关,大于2.5后,与A/S负相关。从而得出在铝土岩系中,Sc分布在顶层的黏土岩、中部的铁质铝土矿以及底部的铁质黏土岩、铁质岩,尤其是在含铁铝土岩系中高度富集。通过对比分析铝土岩系各元素含量,发现钪与铁、铌、钒、铬元素成正相关,综合铝土岩系中其他元素的矿物表现形式,推测钪在铝土岩系中的赋存形式可能为：类质同象、离子吸附、和超显微非结构混入物。本文初步探讨总结钪在铝土岩系中可能的赋存形式、时空分布规律及钪的迁移转化机制,为铝土矿中伴生钪资源的综合利用开发提供理论支撑。     

Petrogenesis of mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) in the oligocene-miocene granitoid plutons from northwest Anatolia,Turkey

Mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) in host granitoids can provide important constraints on the deep magmatic processes. The Oligocene-Miocene granitoid plutons of the NW Anatolia contain abundant MMEs. This paper presents new hornblende Ar-Ar ages and whole-rock chemical and Sr-Nd isotope data of the MMEs from these granitic rocks. Petrographically, the MMEs are finer-grained than their host granites and contain the same minerals as their host rocks (amphibole + plagioclase + biotite + quartz + K-feldspar), but in different proportions. The Ar-Ar ages of the MMEs range from 27.9 ± 0.09 Ma to 19.3 ± 0.01 Ma and are within error of their respective host granitoids. The MMEs are metaluminous and calc-alkaline, similar to I-type granites. The Sr-Nd isotopes of MMEs are 0.7057 to 0.7101 for ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and 0.5123 to 0.5125 for ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, and are similar to their respective host granitoids. These lithological, petrochemical and isotopic characteristics suggest that the MMEs in this present study represent chilled early formed cogenetic hydrous magmas produced during a period of post-collisional lithospheric extension in NW Anatolia. The parental magma for MMEs and host granitoids might be derived from partial melting of underplated mafic materials in a normally thickened lower crust in a post-collisional extensional environment beneath the NW Anatolia. Delamination or convective removal of lithospheric mantle generated asthenospheric upwelling, providing heat and magma to induce hydrous re-melting of underplated mafic materials in the lower crust.     

藏南泽当地区大反向逆冲断层变形研究——以磁组构与EBSD组构分析为例

仁布-泽当逆冲断层是喜马拉雅大反向逆冲断层（GCT）在藏南地区的重要延伸部分,也是喜马拉雅造山带北部边界新生代最为活动的构造单元之一。新生代以来特提斯喜马拉雅的构造变形组构特征的研究对于深入理解碰撞造山带演化与高原隆升具有重要构造意义。本文综合GCT泽当-琼结段断层的宏观与微观变形特征,对断裂带石英脉、围岩中石英和云母矿物的电子背散射（EBSD）组构及断层两侧岩石磁组构（AMS）特征进行对比分析。结果表明对AMS主要贡献来自顺磁性云母、绿泥石等,磁化率各向异性椭球体以压扁状为主,磁面理与构造面理（劈理、断层面）基本重合,显示较强的构造变形磁组构特征;磁线理优选方向近南北向,且与观测北向逆冲断层方向一致,揭示剪切作用在变形过程中的持续作用。研究发现泽当地区GCT附近石英微观结构从围岩至断层区,石英至少呈现3种不同类型的微观变形机制：围岩区溶解蠕变、断裂带石英以膨凸重结晶和亚颗粒旋转重结晶作用为主。断裂带石英的c轴EBSD组构指示变形为低温（300~400℃）环境,其中黑云母的结晶学优选（CPO）与磁组构主轴优选方向存在高度的一致性,进一步证实了顺磁性矿物黑云母对AMS的主要贡献。综合研究表明泽当地区GCT的韧性变形是断层处在中上地壳韧性带的活动阶段变形的结果,也代表了特提斯喜马拉雅在碰撞、高原隆升期的变形主要特征。     

金川铜镍硫化物矿床中铂族矿物的主要类型和产出特征:热液蚀变过程中铂族元素的富集机理

金川铜镍硫化物矿床是我国最主要的铂族元素(PGE)资源产地,其矿石受热液蚀变作用影响明显,并产出多种铂族矿物(PGM)。岩浆演化和热液蚀变过程中PGE的迁移富集机制和PGM的成因,一直是研究PGE地球化学行为非常关注的问题。本文对金川铜镍硫化物矿床中PGM的研究发现,其主要类型包括含PGE的硫砷化物(硫砷铱矿)和砷化物(砷铂矿),Pd的铋化物、碲化物和硒化物,以及少量其他铂族矿物。其中,硫砷铱矿可包裹于各种贱金属硫化物(镍黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿和黄铜矿)中,表明硫砷铱矿可能结晶于早期的含As硫化物熔体,随后被包裹于硫化物熔体冷凝分异产生的单硫化物固溶体(MSS)和中间硫化物固溶体(ISS)中。硫化物熔体中的As可能主要通过地壳混染作用加入幔源岩浆。大量铋钯矿(PdBi)呈微细乳滴状包裹于黄铜矿中,为晚期ISS冷凝形成黄铜矿过程中出溶的产物。少量铋钯矿(PdBi_2)呈不规则状充填于矿物裂隙,与次生磁铁矿脉紧密共生,并随矿石的蚀变程度增加,铋钯矿的化学成分由PdBi逐渐向PdBi_2转变,表明这部分铋钯矿为后期热液蚀变产物。铋碲钯矿和钯的硒化物则主要产出于镍黄铁矿裂隙且与次生磁铁矿紧密共生,指示明显的热液成因。钯的硒化物的出现表明,岩浆期后酸性、高盐度、高氧逸度的富Cl~-流体对金川铜镍硫化物矿床中Pd的迁移和富集起到了关键控制作用。     

粗砂砾石地层中高压旋喷桩隔水帷幕施工技术

太原万达广场A2区商住楼基坑工程部分区域为粗砂砾石地层,基坑隔水帷幕中深层搅拌桩无法有效使用。提出了在粗砂砾石地层采用高压旋喷桩隔水帷幕的施工技术方案,采用双套管锚杆钻机引孔、单管高压喷射工艺进行施工,成功实施了这一工程。经检查,喷射注浆体相互咬合良好,有效桩径内水泥含量均匀无夹块现象,隔水帷幕止水效果良好。     

南秦岭柞水—山阳矿集区金铜矿床成矿规律与找矿方向

南秦岭柞水—山阳矿集区地质构造和岩浆活动强烈,矿床(点)成群成带分布,成矿条件良好。在长期找矿实践、成矿地质背景分析和典型矿床解剖的基础上,综合研究认为,区内金矿主要受EW向断裂或EW向韧-脆性剪切带与NE向张扭性叠加构造控制,寒武系水沟口组、泥盆系星红铺组与大枫沟组是金的赋矿地层。金矿体呈近EW向大致等间距展布,单个矿体在延伸方向呈透镜状、哑铃状、囊状等,具尖灭再现特征,构造叠加部位矿体厚大、品位较高。区内金矿床类型多为中-低温热液型、远成低温热液型,成矿时代为印支—燕山期。夏家店等已知金矿床深部及外围、区域断裂旁侧次级近EW向与NNE向断裂交汇部位、构造转折端、构造虚脱部位等是寻找金矿的有利靶区。铜矿分布于山阳—凤镇大断裂两侧,成矿类型以斑岩型-矽卡岩型为主,构造热液改造型、隐爆角砾岩型次之。斑岩型-矽卡岩型铜(钼)矿受燕山期构造-岩浆活动控制,赋存于燕山期斑岩体与围岩接触带内;矿体产状多受岩体与围岩接触面控制,呈似层状、透镜状产出。燕山期中酸性小岩体及其与围岩的接触部位、东西向三级断裂带附近是寻找铜(钼)矿的首选靶区。本次研究建立了柞水—山阳矿集区金铜矿床区域成矿模式,总结了找矿标志,通过成矿规律、成矿作用及物探、化探、遥感异常特征系统分析,认为区内找矿潜力巨大,并提出了3片金铜(钼)成矿远景区,指出下一步的找矿方向。     

东昆仑地区驼路沟钴(金)矿床硅质钠长岩锆石U-Pb定年及Hf同位素特征研究

东昆仑驼路沟钴(金)矿床是青海省发现的首个独立大型喷流沉积型矿床,说明容矿围岩为一套海相火山-沉积岩系。本文在野外调查的基础上,对该矿区短沟矿段YM1坑口的硅质钠长岩进行岩石学、LA-ICP-MS锆石UPb年代学及Hf同位素分析。结果表明,区内钠长岩的形成年龄为(457.3±4.6)Ma,佐证了该矿区喷流作用成岩与成矿的同时性;另外获得9.20~1.10 Ga和2.40~2.50 Ga的2个年龄集中区,说明了研究区基底演化和源区物质的复杂性。Hf同位素显示为两个集中区,其中年龄峰值422~459 Ma的锆石获得εHf(t)值为-0.61~12.72,表明锆石母岩主要为新生的地壳物质,指示硅质钠长岩的形成与海底火山喷发作用密切相关;另外0.85~1.10 Ga的锆石εHf(t)值为-15.09~-0.07,其锆石母岩中主要为再造的古老地壳,表明该区基底源区物质的复杂性。通过区域对比分析,认为驼路沟矿区含矿火山-沉积岩系形成时代与钠长岩年龄、成矿年龄非常接近,喷流沉积时代应为晚奥陶世。     

Constraints of Mantle and Crustal Sources Interaction during Orogenesis of Pre- and Post-collision Granitoids from the Northern Arabian-Nubian Shield: A Case Study from Wadi El-Akhder Granitoids,Southern Sinai,Egypt

The Egyptian older and younger granitic rocks emplaced during pre- and post-collision stages of Neoproterozoic Pan-African orogeny, respectively, are widely distributed in the southern Sinai Peninsula, constituting 70% of the basement outcrops. The Wadi El-Akhder, southwestern Sinai, is a mountainous terrain exposing two granitoid suites, namely the Wadi El-Akhder Older Granites (AOG) and the Homra Younger Granites (HYG). The AOG (granodiorites with subordinate tonalite compositions) have geochemical characteristics of medium-K calc-alkaline, metaluminous to mildly peraluminous granitoids formed in an island-arc environment, which are conformable with well-known Egyptian older granitoids rocks, whereas the HYG display calc-alkaline to slightly alkaline nature, peraluminous syeno-, monzogranites and alkali feldspar granites matching well those of the Egyptian younger granites. With respect to the AOG granitoids, the HYG granites contain lower Al2O3, FeO*, MgO, MnO, CaO, TiO2, Sr, Ba, and V, but higher Na2O, K2O, Nb, Zr, Th, and Rb. The AOG are generally characterized by enrichment in LILE and LREE and depletion in HFSE relative to N-MORB values (e.g., negative Nb and Ta anomalies). The geochemical features of the AOG follow assimilation-fractional crystallization (AFC) trends indicative of extensive crustal contamination of magma derived from a mantle source. The chemical characteristics of the AOG are remarkably similar to those of subduction-related granitoids from the Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS). The compositional variations from monzogranites through syenogranites to alkali feldspar granite within HYG could not be explained by fractional crystallization solely. Correlating the whole-rock composition of the HYG to melts generated by experimental dehydration melting of meta-sedimentary and magmatic rocks reveals that they appear to be derived by extended melting of psammitic and pelitic metasediments, which is similar to the most of younger granitic suites in the ANS.     

Three-dimensional publication mode of Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition)

The network technology has provided impetus and channels for the development of sci-tech periodicals and promoted the transformation of the publication mode of Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition). Through the independent website construction,providing readers with diversified access to articles,diversified communication methods,personalized accurate article push,joining the OSID open science program,etc.,a three-dimensional publication mode adapted to the development of periodicals has been gradually formed.