东海西湖凹陷反转构造定量研究:来自裂变径迹分析数据的约束

对来自东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷反转构造带上的 5口钻井 (XL1,XL2 ,XH,XY,XT)的 17个样品 (11个磷灰石、6个锆石样品 )进行了系统的裂变径迹年龄测定。样品的地层年代介于渐新世和上新世之间。锆石裂变径迹年龄表明 ,各样品所经历的最大埋藏温度小于 (2 2 5± 2 5 )℃。磷灰石裂变径迹的年龄则比锆石的要复杂。南侧 XT和XY两口井的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄大于相应的地层年龄 ,而北侧的 3口井的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄则小于相应的地层年龄。磷灰石年龄的分布表明西湖凹陷南部第三系地层所经历的最大沉积埋深小于北部 ,反转程度南弱北强。对于裂变径迹年龄小于地层年龄的样品 ,对地层剥蚀量进行了初步的估算     

High resolution velocity analysis of ocean bottom seismometer data by theτ-p method

A method of high resolution seismic velocity analysis for ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) records is applied to the study of the shallow oceanic crust, especially sedimentary and basement layers. This method is based on the direct-p mapping and the-sum inversion. We use data obtained from a 1989 airgun-OBS experiment in the northern Yamato Basin, Japan Sea and derive P- and S-wave velocity functions that can be compared with the seismic reflection profiles. Using split-spread profile records, we obtain interface dips and true interval velocities from the OBS data. These results show good agreement with the reflection profile records, the acoustic velocities of core samples, and sonic log profiles. We also present a method for estimating errors in the derived velocity functions by calculating covariance of the derived layers' thicknesses. The estimated depth errors are about 150 m at shallow depths, which is close to the seismic wavelength used. The high resolution of this method relies on accurate determination of shot positions by GPS, spatially dense seismic observations, and the use of unsaturated reflected waves arriving after the direct water wave that are observed on low-gain component records.     

变速成图方法及应用研究

研究了地震速度和变速成图传统方法中影响成图精度的主要因素 ,指出了传统方法中造成误差较大、准确性较低的原因。从解决传统方法中存在的问题入手 ,提出了相应的速度场建立和变速成图方法 :通过提高叠加速度分辨率 ,利用模型层析法或模型反演法实现叠加速度到层速度的转换 ,建立空间速度场 ,速度校正和时深转换。实际资料应用表明 ,该方法提高了速度场建立和变速成图精度 ,解决了山前高陡构造以及低幅度构造地区的变速成图问题。     

直立椭圆柱体重力场的谱分析及其应用

利用傅里叶积分变换法导出了埋藏的直立椭圆柱体的重力场在频率域中的解析公式，依此得了确定此直立椭圆柱体尺寸的公式，提出依据这些重力公式来计算侵入大洋地壳中的地幔柱的尺寸和洋壳厚度的方法。     

海洋声学测温及声层析法

海洋声层析法作为检测海洋内部变化一有力手段，正面临着海洋声学大尺度观测新挑战。本文就海洋声传播的绝热近似；声传播时间的非线性偏移；声速剖面的线性及非线性反演等与声学大尺度观测相关的一些水声学问题的发展现状及存在问题等进行了综述性论述。文中还介绍了赫德岛预演实验等利用声层析法观测海洋内部变化的一些具体应用例     

西太平洋暖池区低层大气气象学特征的观测分析

根据TOGA—COARE强化观测资料分析西太平洋暖地区低层大气的气象学特征。讨论北半球冬季(11月-2月)该区域海面风和温度的特征,ITCZ及其有中尺度动力学特征的赤道大气涡(Eddy)的演变特征,对流混合边界层大气和低层正压大气层特征,以及云形态及降水特征等。指出,对于赤道大气,把正压大气层顶取为700hPa是合适的。     

华北地区三维地壳上地幔结构

本文用均等显示滤波频时分析方法分析了长周期瑞利面波资料,获得了路经中国大陆及邻区的238条混合路径的面波群速度频散,其周期范围为10.5-113s.用改进的分格反演方法从混合路径频散中提取出位于华北地区的12个4°×4°网格单元的纯路径频散并反演其地壳上地幔结构.所得结果表明,华北地区地壳上地幔结构横向变化显著;从东向西地壳逐渐变厚;位于华北东部的分格在地壳中20km深处普遍存在低速层,整个华北地区上地幔低速层埋藏较浅,一般为55-100km之间.各个网格上地幔低速层的速度不尽相同.     

Source parameters of some large earthquakes in Northern Aegean determined by body waveform inversion

Average source parameters for three large North Aegean events are obtained from body wave inversion for the moment tensor. The parameters for the events are as follows: The events exhibit dextral strike-slip faulting with theT axis striking NS and nearly horizontal, implying extension in this direction. The focal mechanisms obtained are in agreement with the seismotectonic regime of the North Aegean. It is known that the region is tectonically controlled by the existence of the strike-slip Anatolian fault and its westward continuation in the Aegean, as well as the NS extension the whole Aegean area undergoes.The components of the moment tensor show that the region is dominated by compression in the EW direction which is encompassed by extension in the NS direction. All the events were found to be shallow (10 km) with a source time function of approximately 8 s duration and small stress drop values.The teleseismic long period verticalP-waves exhibited distortions, that could be attributed to lateral inhomogeneities in the source structure or more probably to a nonflat water-crust interface.     

Advances in interpretation of subsurface processes with time‐lapse electrical imaging

Electrical geophysical methods, including electrical resistivity, time‐domain induced polarization, and complex resistivity, have become commonly used to image the near subsurface. Here, we outline their utility for time‐lapse imaging of hydrological, geochemical, and biogeochemical processes, focusing on new instrumentation, processing, and analysis techniques specific to monitoring. We review data collection procedures, parameters measured, and petrophysical relationships and then outline the state of the science with respect to inversion methodologies, including coupled inversion. We conclude by highlighting recent research focused on innovative applications of time‐lapse imaging in hydrology, biology, ecology, and geochemistry, among other areas of interest. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Structure of the Cobar Basin,New South Wales,based on seismic reflection profiling

The Cobar Basin in central western New South Wales is a mineral‐rich Early Devonian basin typical of those that characterize the Siluro‐Devonian history of the Lachlan Orogen of southeastern Australia. One hundred and seventy kilometres of seismic profiling in three lines across the basin have shown it to be asymmetrical in shape with an east‐dipping western margin that is steeper than the moderately west‐dipping eastern margin. Maximum basin thickness is around 6 km, but there are significant thickness changes, especially from south to north, which reflect the effect of synsedimentary faulting. Seismic profiling suggests that the basin deformed by thin‐skinned tectonics; postulated strike‐slip effects were not visible on the sections. The seismic profiling has, for the first time, imaged the western synrift basin margin which is generally not exposed. Strain variations during deformation along this edge were taken up by the formation of a major jog ('dog‐leg') which has propagated into the basin as a tear fault. Intrabasinal tears, as well as thrusts, which link into one or more detachments, provide potential pathways for mineralizing fluids during basin inversion.