泵吸反循环钻进工艺在桩基施工中的应用

介绍了泵吸反循环钻进的施工特点、适用范围，施工中的技术要求与常见故障的原因及处理方法。     

气举反循环钻深度的理论计算与加深试验

运用气举反循环钻进、在满足一定条件下适当增加双壁钻具长度即可得到较大钻进孔深，本文通过理论计算及实验，证实了使用现有设备，气举气循环可以更好的满足超午米深水井的施工要求。     

孵漂石地层大口径钻头与钻进工艺的选择

根据工程实例，通过钻头和钻进工艺的对比试验，得出了利用大直径滚刀钻头，在致密卵漂石地层施工中大口径桩孔，能大幅度提高钻进效率。     

Crack-filling clays and weathered cracks in the DPRI 1800 m core near the Nojima Fault, Japan: Evidence for deep surface-water circulation near an active fault

Abstract Crack-filling clays and weathered cracks were observed in the Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University (DPRI) 1800 m cores drilled from the Nojima Fault Zone, which was activated during the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake (Kobe earthquake). The crack-filling clays consist mainly of unconsolidated fine-grained materials that fill opening cracks with no shear textures. Most of the cracks observed in the DPRI 1800 m cores are yellow-brown to brown in color due to weathering. Powder X-ray diffraction analyses show that the crack-filling clays are composed mainly of clay minerals and carbonates such as siderite and calcite. Given that the top of the borehole is approximately 45 m above sea level, most of the core is far below the stable groundwater table. Hence, it is suggested that the crack-filling clays and weathered cracks in the cores taken at depths of 1800 m were formed by the flow of surface water down to the deep fractured zone of the Nojima Fault Zone during seismic faulting.     

Climate induced temperature effects on growth performance, fecundity and recruitment in marine fish: developing a hypothesis for cause and effect relationships in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and common eelpout (Zoarces viviparus)

Effects of global warming on animal distribution and performance become visible in many marine ecosystems. The present study was designed to develop a concept for a cause and effect understanding with respect to temperature changes and to explain ecological findings based on physiological processes. The concept is based on a wide comparison of invertebrate and fish species with a special focus on recent data obtained in two model species of fish. These fish species are both characterized by northern and southern distribution limits in the North Atlantic: eelpout (Zoarces viviparus), as a typical non-migrating inhabitant of the coastal zone and the cod (Gadus morhua), as a typical inhabitant of the continental shelf with a high importance for fisheries.Mathematical modelling demonstrates a clear significant correlation between climate induced temperature fluctuations and the recruitment of cod stocks. Growth performance in cod is optimal at temperatures close to 10°C, regardless of the population investigated in a latitudinal cline. However, temperature specific growth rates decrease at higher latitudes. Also, fecundity is less in White Sea than in North and Baltic Sea cod or eelpout populations. These findings suggest that a cold-induced shift in energy budget occurs which is unfavorable for growth performance and fecundity. Thermal tolerance limits shift depending on latitude and are characterized by oxygen limitation at both low or high temperatures. Oxygen supply to tissues is optimized at low temperature by a shift in hemoglobin isoforms and oxygen binding properties to lower affinities and higher unloading potential. Protective stimulation of heat shock protein synthesis was not observed.According to a recent model of thermal tolerance the downward shift of tolerance limits during cold adaptation is associated with rising mitochondrial densities and, thus, aerobic capacity and performance in the cold, especially in eurythermal species. At the same time the costs of mitochondrial maintenance reflected by mitochondrial proton leakage should rise leaving a lower energy fraction for growth and reproduction. The preliminary conclusion can be drawn that warming will cause a northern shift of distribution limits for both species with a rise in growth performance and fecundity larger than expected from the Q₁₀ effect in the north and lower growth or even extinction of the species in the south. Such a shift may heavily affect fishing activities in the North Sea.     

对流层大气环流的甚低频振荡

对１９５１—１９９２共４２ａ５００ｈＰａ北半球高度场的月平均资料进行了纬圈谐波分析，计算了３５°Ｎ与５５°Ｎ超长波振幅及位相，以及３５—５５°Ｎ北半球月平均纬向风距平百分比。对超长波振幅及纬向风距平百分比做了小波转换。结果表明，对流层大气环流变化中存在３种准周期性的甚低频振荡：１．年代际的振荡；２．准２ａ周期振荡（ＱＢＯ）；３．半年韵律。同时发现对流层ＱＢＯ和平流层赤道纬向风ＱＢＯ之间可能没有联系。     

1995年北半球主要环流特征及其影响

１９９５年北半球大气环流的主要特征是：５００ｈＰａ西太平洋副热带高压异常偏强，初夏脊线位置偏南，盛夏偏北；亚洲西风带，春季经向环流发展，初夏东亚阻塞形势稳定，盛夏纬向环流盛行；５００ｈＰａ青藏高原位势高度夏半年偏高，冬半年偏低；北半球１００ｈＰａ位势高度低纬度持续偏高，中高纬度持续偏低，南亚高压偏强；１９９４年开始的厄尔尼诺事件于１９９５年３月结束。     

极地海冰异常对我国夏季大气环流和降水影响的数值研究

利用全球大气环流谱模式分别进行了南极和北极海冰面积异常偏大和偏小的数值试验，对６－８月的结果进行了对比分析，讨论了极地海冰异常对我国夏季大气环流和降水的可能影响。结果表明，南极或北极海冰面积异常偏大，则我国夏季风变弱，特别蝇使得南亚高压、西北太平洋副热带高压等减弱。南极海冰面积偏大使得我国黄河－长江－带地区降水减少，北极海冰面积偏大，造成我国东部地区的降水量有所减少，模拟结果与统计分析相一致。可同     

青藏高原OLR的气候特征及其对北半球大气环流的影响

利用１９７４－１９９０年青藏高原地区地－气系统月平均射出长波辐射资料，采用ＥＯＦ方法分析了前３个特征向量场，得到了青藏高原地区地－气系统射出长波辐射的几种异常形式，阐述了它们的天气气候特征，并对不同气候区的持续 及其与北半球大气环流的关系作了研究。     

梅雨锋生次级环流对暴雨的作用

本文采用了MM4中尺度数值模式对1991年7月5日08时至6日20时发生在江淮流域的梅雨锋暴雨过程进行了模拟。在模拟较理想的基础上，利用模式输出的高分辨率的动力协调资料，就暴雨过程中锋生次级环流各强迫项对暴雨的作用进行了诊断研究。结果表明：锋生次级环流对暴雨形成具有重要的作用，但在暴雨过程不同时期各项的作用差异很大。