基于多重分形特征的岩体结构面剪切强度研究

Barton剪切强度模型是目前工程实践中普遍采用的强度公式,而实践应用时,该模型中结构面粗糙性系数（JRC）的评估存在主观性和片面性的缺点。鉴于此,应用多重分形理论,提出了采用多重分形参数准确量化JRC的方法。首先应用数字图像处理技术获取了结构面三维形貌数据信息;然后采用投影覆盖法进行了结构面的分形维数计算,重点对结构面的多重分形特征进行了分析,通过对比分析了构造的15个结构面的多重分形特征值。结果表明：结构面越粗糙,多重分形特征参数 和 值越大, 或 能够很好地描述结构面的形貌特征。最后对9组石膏试件进行了剪切试验,通过不同正应力下对应的剪应力数据分析,结合结构面形貌多重分形参数 或 ,以Barton剪切强度公式为基础,应用最小二乘法原理,给出了JRC与 及JRC与 关系。这样在工程实际中,可以用参数 或 对JRC进行估算,克服了JRC人为估值主观性及采用二维标准轮廓线评估片面性的缺点,为准确评估结构面粗糙度提供了一条新的途径。在此基础上,应用Barton模型可准确估算岩体结构面的剪切强度。     

热-水-应力-迁移耦合条件下双重孔隙-裂隙介质的抗剪强度及有限元分析

考虑裂隙的连通率、间距、孔隙基质和裂隙材料在表征单元（REV）中的体积分数,并假定双重孔隙-裂隙介质的等效内摩擦角保持常数,而等效黏聚力是固有黏聚力、等效塑性应变、基质吸力、溶质浓度及温度的函数,提出了一种在热-水-应力-迁移耦合条件下确定表征单元内任一平面上等效的黏聚力及内摩擦角的方法。针对一个假定的位于非饱和双重孔隙-裂隙岩体中的高放废物地质处置模型进行了数值模拟及分析。结果表明,基质吸力对于等效黏聚力的增强作用大于等效塑性应变和溶质浓度的减弱作用,使得等效黏聚力得到了提高,故减少了围岩中的塑性区;由此岩体应力、孔（裂）隙水压力及流速、孔（裂）隙溶质浓度的分布及量值也发生相应的改变。     

动剪切模量比对反应谱影响的定量分析

动剪切模量比的不确定性会对场地地震反应计算的结果产生较大的影响,而目前对这种影响的研究多限于定性分析,笔者利用渤海海域典型场地对这一影响进行定量分析。首先,建立了土层地震反应计算模型;然后,在不改变影响土层地震反应计算结果其他参量的前提下,赋予了原动剪切模量比一系列偏差并求得了场地反应谱的变化;最后,得到了反应谱对动剪切模量比的敏感度。结果表明:1)在动剪切模量比曲线增大(或减小)后,在基准反应谱的特征周期附近,存在一个反应谱相对于基准反应谱由增大转变为减小(或由减小转变为增大)的转变点。2)在概率水准2和3下:反应谱平台段对动剪切模量比的敏感度最高,其值基本上分布在1.0~3.0;反应谱下降段的敏感度绝对值随着周期的增大先迅速增大后逐渐趋于0,最大值达1.0以上;反应谱上升段的敏感度分布平稳,其值多分布在1.0~2.0。     

华庆地区长63段低渗储层特征及优质储层主控因素

综合运用岩心观察、薄片鉴定、物性分析、压汞分析及试油分析等技术方法,对华庆地区长6₃段低渗储层特征进行了系统研究,分析了低渗储层的成因,并探讨了优质储层的主控因素。结果表明,华庆地区长6₃段储层的厚层块状砂岩主要由具有液化流性质的砂质碎屑流沉积形成的相对较厚块状砂岩纵向叠置组成。岩石类型主要为长石砂岩,其次为岩屑长石砂岩;储层具有低孔特低孔-特低渗透超低渗透特征;储集空间主要包括粒间原生孔隙、次生溶蚀孔隙及晶间微孔隙,为小孔微细喉型孔隙结构。杂基含量高、成分成熟度和结构成熟度差是华庆地区长6₃低渗储层形成的主控因素,压实作用对其形成起到强化作用。沉积鼎盛时期水动力强的主力沉积期次,形成泥质含量较低的砂岩是优质储层形成的主控因素,而较大的储层厚度是优质储层形成的必要条件。     

Characterisation of shear wave velocity profiles of non-uniform bi-layer soil deposits: Analytical evaluation and experimental validation

A crucial aspect of physical geotechnical model tests (under both 1-g and n-g conditions) is the evaluation of the initial (low-strain) stiffness of the soil layers of the sample test deposit, especially in the case of coarse materials. While for uniform soil deposits this issue can be addressed in a straightforward manner, e.g. by determining the fundamental frequency through the transfer function of an applied white-noise excitation, the problem becomes cumbersome for multi-layered deposits. After reviewing a number of available theoretical solutions, this paper illustrates a simplified yet reliable analytical procedure for determining the shear wave velocity profile (V_s) in a single or bi-layer deposit, taking into account the inhomogeneity of the individual soil layers, under the hypothesis of vanishing shear modulus at ground surface. The fundamental natural frequency of the inhomogeneous bi-layer deposit is analysed using the Rayleigh quotient procedure. The associated shape function is evaluated by considering the equilibrium of the soil column under a pseudo-static lateral inertial excitation imposed at its base, accounting for both layering and inhomogeneity. A validation of the proposed method is provided by comparing numerical results obtained from both time- and frequency- domain analyses against experimental data on Leighton Buzzard sand, from a recently-completed research project conducted on the shaking table facility at BLADE Laboratory, University of Bristol (UK).     

Pre-shear effect on liquefaction resistance of a Fujian sand

Pre-shear history has been shown to be a critical factor in the liquefaction resistance of sand. By contrast to prior experimental studies in which triaxial shear tests were used to examine the effects of pre-shear on the liquefaction resistance of sand, hollow cylinder torsional shear tests were used in this study to avoid the influence of the inherent anisotropy that is inevitably produced during the sample preparation process because of gravitational deposition. A series of cyclic undrained shear tests were performed on sand samples that had experienced medium to large pre-shear loading. The test results showed that the liquefaction resistance of sand can be greatly reduced by its pre-shear history, and a pre-shear strain within the range from 0.1% to 5% can cause sand to be more prone to liquefaction. During the cyclic shear tests, the samples that had experienced pre-shear loading exhibited different behaviors when cyclic shear loading started in different directions, i.e., the clockwise direction and the counterclockwise direction. If the cyclic loading started in the identical direction as the pre-shear loading, then the mean effective stress of the sand was almost unchanged during the first half of the loading cycle; if the cyclic loading started in the direction opposite to that of the pre-shear loading, then the mean effective stress decreased significantly during the first half of the loading cycle. However, this anisotropic behavior was only remarkable during the first loading cycle. From the second cycle onward, the speeds of the decrease in the mean effective stresses in the two types of shear tests became similar.     

江苏及邻近地区地震视应力特征研究

采用江苏省数字地震台网记录的地震波形资料,利用震源位移谱低频水平与拐角频率计算了2000~2010年江苏及邻近地区561个ML≥1.5中小地震视应力值。结果显示,江苏及邻近地区的地震视应力平均值为0.91 MPa,与中国大陆的平均水平相当。视应力与震级无明显的线性关系,在震级相对较大时表现出一定的高震级对应高视应力的特点。视应力高值地区主要集中在江苏中部至南黄海海域,次高值集中分布在郯庐断裂带中南段的苏鲁交界地区、安徽段固镇至定远附近地区和肥东、巢湖一带,反映了以上地区较高的地震活动水平及地壳应力状态。不同区域ML2震级档视应力的差异性基本反映了区域地质环境、构造活动等特征的差异。     

STC加筋砂水平循环剪切与竖向激振特性试验研究

随着中国汽车工业的发展,大量废旧轮胎带来的"黑色污染"问题日益显著。提出一种采用废旧轮胎柱(Scrap tire columns,STC)的加筋土结构,并初步探究其作为基础减隔振材料的可行性。通过室内水平循环剪切试验和竖向激振试验研究STC加筋砂(STCRS)的水平循环剪切和竖向激振特性。结果表明,最大剪应变为1%时STCRS的等效阻尼比未加筋前增加约10%,等效动剪切模量减小20%~25%,水平向减振性能得以提高;STCRS的竖向加速度衰减呈现出速度快、幅值大的特点,竖向减振效果较未加筋砂显著提高。STC加筋砂作为基础减振材料是可行的,且为原形废旧轮胎的资源化利用提供新思路。     

Geochronological and mineralogical constraints on mineralization of the Hetai goldfield in Guangdong Province,South China

The Hetai goldfield, located in the southern segment of the Qinzhou Bay-Hangzhou Bay Juncture Orogenic Belt (QHJB), is the largest concentration of gold deposits in Guangdong Province, South China. The gold mineralization is hosted within the late Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic Yunkai Group and strictly confined to mylonite (ductile shear) zones. The nature of the structural control of mineralization, in particular the role of ductile versus brittle deformation and their ages, which remain unclear despite numerous previous studies, are examined in this paper through an integrated study of geochronology and mineralogy.Lamellar and filament structures shown by pyrite and pyrrhotite in the ores suggest that sulfidation took place during ductile deformation and syntectonic metamorphism, but the majority of the ores are associated with brittle deformation features. In combination with macroscopic and microscopy observations on shear fabrics, LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating on zircons of hydrothermal origin from mylonites suggests that the Hetai goldfield was subjected to two shearing events: an early sinistral ductile shearing at ca. 240 Ma, and a late dextral ductile-brittle shearing at ca. 204 Ma (Indosinian). These ages are ca. 90–30 Ma older than the previously published gold mineralizing ages of ca. 175–152 Ma (Yanshanian), suggesting that the main gold mineralization and related brittle deformation significantly postdate the ductile deformation. This inference is supported by the mineralization temperatures estimated from geothermometers of arsenopyrite (ca. 350–290 °C), chlorite (ca. 260–230 °C), and sphalerite (ca. 230–170 °C) intergrown with native gold, which are considerably lower than that for the ductile deformation (500–300 °C or higher). Based on these data, we propose that the gold mineralization in the Hetai goldfield predominantly occurred during the Yanshanian event, and only minor gold mineralization and associated sulfidation took place during the earlier Indosinian ductile deformation.     

闽北大药坑金矿床黄铁矿成分标型及硫、铅同位素组成研究

闽北政和-建瓯矿集区内大药坑金矿床是一个赋存于韧性剪切带中的小型矿床。在野外地质调查基础上,通过分析载金矿物黄铁矿电子探针成分和硫化物硫、铅同位素组成,探讨了大药坑金矿床的成矿作用问题。研究表明,大药坑金矿床黄铁矿的Co/Ni比值大多在1~5之间,为岩浆热液成因黄铁矿,成矿热液的温度和盐度均较高,也表现出岩浆热液的性质;金属硫化物的δ~(34) SCDT均为靠近0的较低正值(0.1‰~3.4‰),说明成矿物质为岩浆来源,硫化物的铅同位素比值以及高μ(~(238)U/~(204)Pb)和ω(~(232)Th/~(204)Pb)等特征,说明成矿物质具有壳幔混源特征。结合区域研究资料,认为大药坑金矿床形成于东南沿海区域强烈壳幔作用时期,与燕山期火山-侵入杂岩有关,矿床成因类型为岩浆期后热液型。