2013年岷县-漳县6.6级地震震前地磁异常分析

区域地磁在一定范围内,在排除空间环境、仪器本身故障等因素的前提下,各地磁台所观测到的地磁曲线是具一定相关性的,但强震孕震过程中会引起电导率等电磁性质发生改变,从而改变台站间地磁本应呈现出来的相关性,因此地磁异常可以为震前地震预报提供有用信息。以2013年7月22日岷县-漳县6.6级地震为研究对象,对其震前地磁前兆异常进行研究。分析表明：震前有明显的低点位移异常现象,且在此次异常后36天发生了6.6级地震;地磁Z值的每日一值空间相关分析也出现了明显异常,从空间上看,相关系数与地震震中有很好的对应关系,震中刚好处在相关系数最低的位置;且地磁台的密集程度对计算区域相关系数具有较大影响。     

汶川地震震前龙门山以西地壳垂直隆升机理分析

结合流动GPS观测速度场及层析成像结果,构建跨龙门山断裂剖面的二维有限元分层模型,分两种情况讨论汶川地震前龙门山前缘地壳垂直隆升的物理机制,以及中、下地壳软物质垂向和横向的不均匀性对地壳隆升作用的影响。分析认为：川西高原相对四川盆地的差异抬升和龙门山以西地壳缩短的共同作用是汶川地震震前龙门山前缘地壳垂直隆升的可能原因。     

化学发光法测定天然水体中低浓度硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的含量

传统分光光度法测定硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量时检测限较高,无法测定部分海洋表层及寡营养盐海域低含量的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐浓度,急需采用一种新的测定低浓度硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的方法.化学发光法用于测定水体中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量,具有灵敏度高、检测限低、样品用量少,不受悬浮颗粒物、有色物质影响及样品批量测定等优点.本文通过探索载气流速、...     

数字化水位仪漏电干扰因素的分析与排除

主要针对数字化水位仪在运行过程中产生的漏电干扰进行了分析,并结合实际情况提出了具体有效的解决方案.     

广州市社区出行低碳指数格局及其影响因素的空间异质性

通过构建社区出行低碳指数（CTLCI）模型,对广州市社区出行低碳指数的空间格局及其差异特征进行了分析,并利用全局回归（OLS）模型和地理加权回归（GWR）模型对社区出行低碳指数的影响因素以及其间关系的空间异质性进行了研究。结果表明,广州市社区出行低碳指数由中心城区向外逐渐递增,呈明显的圈层结构。内圈层的社区出行低碳指数内部差异最小,中间过渡圈层的最大。社区人口密度对社区出行低碳指数的影响以正向作用为主,公共交通供给水平和路网密集程度对社区出行低碳指数的影响以负向作用为主,且它们的影响作用具有空间异质性。具体指出了在不同地域空间内社区人口密度、公共交通供给水平和路网密集程度对社区出行低碳指数在影响程度和作用方向上的差异,为减少广州城市交通碳排放、针对不同空间制定有效的低碳政策和构建低碳城市空间结构提供了科学依据。     

COMPARISON OF ON-LINE COUPLED AND CONSTANT TRANSFER SIMULATION METHODS FOR DIRECT RADIATIVE FORCING OF ANTHROPOGENIC SULFATE

1 INTRODUCTIONOf three main methods for studying the radiativeforcing of anthropogenic sulfate and climatic responseon the regional scale, the first is, with given rates fortransforming SO2 to sulfate, converting actuallyreleased SO2 into sulfate and acqu…     

Satellite Observations of Reflectivity Maxima above the Freezing Level Induced by Terrain

Previous studies have recognized reflectivity maxima above the freezing level(RMAF) within stratiform precipitation over mountain slopes, however, quantitative studies are limited due to the lack of adequate identification criteria. Here, we establish an identification method for RMAF precipitation and apply it to the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM) Precipitation Radar(PR) observations. Using the TRMM 2A25 product from 1998 to 2013, we show that the RMAF structure in reflectivity profiles can be effectively identified. RMAF exists not only in stratiform precipitation but also in convective precipitation. RMAF frequency is positively correlated with elevation, which is thought to be caused by enhanced updrafts in the middle layers of stratiform precipitation, or in the low to middle layers of convective precipitation over mountains. The average RMAF heights in stratiform and convective precipitation were 1.35 and 2.01 km above the freezing level, respectively, which is lower than previous results. In addition, our results indicate that the RMAF structure increased the echo top height and enhanced precipitation processes above the RMAF height, but it suppressed the downward propagation of ice particles and the near-surface rain rate. Future studies of orographic precipitation should take into account the impact of the RMAF structure and its relevant dynamic triggers.     

Flooding of the continental shelves as a contributor to deglacial CH4 rise

The transition from the last glacial and beginning of Bølling–Allerød and Pre‐Boreal periods in particular is marked by rapid increases in atmospheric methane (CH₄) concentrations. The CH₄ concentrations reached during these intervals, ～650–750 ppb, is twice that at the last glacial maximum and is not exceeded until the onset of industrialization at the end of the Holocene. Periods of rapid sea‐level rise as the Last Glacial Maximum ice sheets retreated and associated with ‘melt‐water pulses’ appear to coincide with the onset of elevated concentrations of CH₄, suggestive of a potential causative link. Here we identify and outline a mechanism involving the flooding of the continental shelves that were exposed and vegetated during the glacial sea‐level low stand and that can help account for some of these observations. Specifically, we hypothesize that waterlogging (and later, flooding) of large tracts of forest and savanna in the Tropics and Subtropics during the deglacial transition and early Holocene would have resulted in rapid anaerobic decomposition of standing biomass and emission of methane to the atmosphere. This novel mechanism, akin to the consequences of filling new hydroelectric reservoirs, provides a mechanistic explanation for the apparent synchronicity between rate of sea‐level rise and occurrence of elevated concentrations of ice core CH₄. However, shelf flooding and the creation of transient wetlands are unlikely to explain more than ～60 ppb of the increase in atmospheric CH₄ during the deglacial transition, requiring additional mechanisms to explain the bulk of the glacial to interglacial increase. Similarly, this mechanism has the potential also to play some role in the rapid changes in atmospheric methane associated with the Dansgaard–Oeschger cycles. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

四川盆地东北部三叠系飞仙关组碳酸盐岩成岩作用和白云岩成因的研究现状和存在问题

四川盆地东北部三叠系飞仙关组是我国重要的天然气储集层，优质储层形成机制直接与碳酸盐岩成岩作用、尤其是白云岩化作用相关，但飞仙关组碳酸盐岩在锰含量、锶含量、阴极发光性等特征上反映其成岩过程与经典成岩理论相悖；碳酸盐岩的锶同位素组成和锰、锶含量的关系也表明与大气水有关的成岩过程和作为重要储集岩的结晶白云岩的形成机制无关，传统的白云岩化机制难以解释结晶白云岩的成因。具有海源色彩的高锶、低锰成岩流体在很大程度上控制了飞仙关组碳酸盐的成岩作用，其来源与成因值得进一步关注，控制其运移、封存和发生水—岩反应的时空机制有待回答。整个海相三叠纪时间段盆地尺度碳酸盐岩和蒸发岩的沉积地球化学研究、尤其是不同结构组分碳酸盐的锶同位素组成、锶和锰含量研究（包括碳酸盐岩中不同结构组分的阴极发光性研究），可为四川盆地东北部飞仙关组碳酸盐岩成岩作用（尤其是白云岩化作用和作为重要储集岩的结晶白云岩的成因研究），天青石矿床成因研究和四川盆地三叠系深层富钾、锶、硼、溴卤水的成因研究提供重要的线索。     

中国近海TOPEX/Poseidon卫星测高海平面变化的CPCA分析

用复主成分分析方法，对中国近海TOPEX／Poseidon卫星6年的测高的海平面变化资料进行了分析，给出了中国南海，黄海和东海的海平面变化的空间和时间分布特重征，利用小波方法分析了主要主成分时间变化序列的时－频特征，分析结果表明，主要主成分的空间分布特征与海洋环充相对应，南海，黄海和东海的海平面变化存在显著的年际和2个月的非稳态振荡信号，南海具有较明显的半年周期信号，而黄海和东海的半年周期信号不明显。