贵州高原喀斯特景观及其旅游形象

本文通过贵州喀斯特旅游景观类型、特点及优势分析，提出高原、峡谷、峰林、峰丛、瀑布、溶洞是贵州最有代表性的喀斯特景观，它们在空间结上层次丰富的组合，即构成贵州高原绚丽多姿的喀斯特旅游形象，从而展示出贵州喀斯特旅游资源开发的巨大潜力和良好前景。     

青藏高原北缘深部地壳结构特征及其形成机制探讨

柴达木盆地－祁连山地区位于青藏高原北缘，同青藏高原主体一样，该区具有多层地壳结构特征，并普遍出现壳内低速层，地壳厚度是华北及华南地区的2倍以上。其形成可能与地壳的横向挤压缩短及幔源物质的底侵作用有关。随着底侵作用增强，地壳厚度加大，岩石圈厚度则越趋于减薄，地壳上部表现为拉张，下部发生壳幔深熔及幔源流体的交代作用，从而导致了地壳低速层，地热和浅源地震的发育。同时，这也是青藏高原出现热壳冷幔的原因之一。     

低渗透油藏储层沉积微相研究--以松辽盆地乾安油田高台子油层Ⅶ砂组为例

针对低渗透油藏储层的特征，以岩心资料和大量的测井，录井数字化资料为基础，应用沉积微相制图软件系统实现了乾安油田高台子油层Ⅶ砂组低渗透储层的沉积微相自动识别，本区储层沉积微相为水下分流河道，席状砂、远砂坝和水下扇等类型，绘制出VII砂组3个小层的平面沉积微相图，沉积微相的研究对本区主力油层及剩余油分布具有指导意义。     

青藏高原中部北北东向深部负磁异常带的成因及其意义

根据最新测量获得的青藏高原中西部航磁异常图 ,经不同高度向上延拓后 ,发现在测区东部 ,即青藏高原中部自柴达木向西南延伸的广大地区 ,出现一条极为明显的北北东向负磁异常带。从对航磁区域场的分析 ,并结合人工地震、重力计算莫霍面深度、热水活动、最新火山岩活动、地貌特征和天然地震活动等多种资料的解释 ,认为负异常带是由于深部热流沿北北东向上升引起局部岩浆熔融 ,使上地壳下部具有较高的地温 ,导致磁性层底部消磁作用的结果。与此同时也加快了青藏高原隆升的幅度 ,为高原形成和演化的研究提供了新的证据     

甚低频电磁法在某萤石矿勘查中的应用

内蒙古海力敏萤石矿属热液脉型,萤石—石英矿受花岗岩体内NW向断裂破碎带控制。矿区开展了甚低频电磁法找矿勘查研究,在已知矿体上测得明显的甚低频电磁异常,证实了该方法对寻找此类萤石矿床的有效性。在不易识别开采的掩盖区,所测甚低频电磁异常显示控矿断裂带仍存在,极可能赋存萤石矿体。     

BP神经网络识别塔北低阻油气层

简要介绍了塔北低阻油气层岩性剖面、低阻油气层地球物理测井曲线特征,分析了塔北地区低阻油气储层成因,重点论述BP人工神经网络识别油气层、油水同层、水层和干层的方法原理。识别实例表明,BP人工神经网络识别低阻油(气)、水层的结果与实际相符,明显地提高了测井的解释精度。     

Subduction of Continental Crust in the Early Palaeozoic North Qaidam Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphic Belt, NW China:Evidence from the Discovery of Coesite in the Belt

Coesite was discovered as inclusions in zircon separates from pelitic gneiss associated with a large eclogite body in the North Qaidam ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) terrane. Some graphite inclusions were also found. This finding suggested the occurrence of in-situ UHP metamorphism and that the terrane was most likely recrystallized at pressures below the diamond stability field. It supported other previous indirect UHP evidence, such as polycrystalline quartz inclusions in eclogitic garnet, quartz lamellae in omphacite and P-T estimates for both eclogite and garnet peridotite. The U-Pb and Sm-Nd ages of the North Qaidam eclogite indicated that subduction of continental crust occurred in the Early Palaeozoic, which probably recorded a collision between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze plates.     

青藏高原北羌塘新生代高钾钙碱岩系火山岩角闪石类型有痕量元素地球化学

利用电子探针和激光探针剥蚀系统（LA－ICP－MS）对北羌塘新第三纪高钾钙碱岩系英安岩中角闪石的主元素和微量、角闪石强烈富集Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Co、Ni等不相容亲铁元素，而相对亏损Th、U、Pb、Rb等强不相容的大离子亲石元素。稀土元素丰度高，且无Eu异常，批示北羌塘这套高钾钙碱岩系火山岩可能是青藏高原加厚的相当于榴辉岩相物质组成的下部陆壳脱水熔融的产物。     

青藏高原积雪异常与贵州东、西部旱、寒灾害关系的初步分析

利用 195 8— 1992年的有关资料 ,对青藏高原冬、春季积雪异常与贵州春、夏季不同区域干旱和低温灾害的强弱关系进行了统计分析。结果发现 :青藏高原冬、春季积雪异常与贵州春、夏季不同区域干旱和低温灾害的强弱间存在明显的相关关系 ,高原异常多雪年贵州西部 4月春旱偏重 ;东部夏旱偏重 ,春季低温灾害偏轻。反之 ,高原异常少雪年贵州西部春旱和东部夏旱都偏轻 ,春季低温灾害偏重。     

Energy Balance Of A Sparse Coniferous High-Latitude Forest Under Winter Conditions

Measurements carried out in Northern Finland on radiation and turbulent fluxes over a sparse, sub-arctic boreal forest with snow covered ground were analysed. The measurements represent late winter conditions characterised by low solar elevation angles. During the experiment (12–24 March 1997) day and night were about equally long. At low solar elevation angles the forest shades most of the snow surface. Therefore an important part of the radiation never reaches the snow surface but is absorbed by the forest. The sensible heat flux above the forest was fairly large, reaching more than 100 W m^-2. The measurements of sensible heat flux within and above the forest revealed that the sensible heat flux from the snow surface is negligible and the sensible heat flux above the forest stems from warming of the trees. A simple model for the surface energy balance of a sparse forest is presented. The model treats the diffuse and direct shortwave (solar) radiation separately. It introduces a factor that accounts for the shading of the ground at low solar elevation angles, and a parameter that deals with the partial transparency of the forest.Input to the model are the direct and diffuse incoming shortwave radiation.Measurements of the global radiation (direct plus diffuse incoming shortwaveradiation) above the forest revealed a considerable attenuation of the globalradiation at low solar elevation. A relation for the atmospheric turbidity asfunction of the solar elevation angle is suggested. The global radiation wassimulated for a three month period. For conditions with a cloud cover of lessthan 7 oktas good agreement between model predictions and measurementswere found. For cloud cover 7 and 8 oktas a considerable spread can beobserved. To apply the proposed energy balance model, the global radiationmust be separated into its diffuse and direct components. We propose a simpleempirical relationship between diffuse shortwave and global radiation asfunction of cloud cover.