GAMIT在仪器检测中的应用

GAMIT是高精度的GPS数据处理软件,广泛应用于GPS数据的处理,特别在处理基线方面,对长基线、短基线的处理都能达到很高的精度要求。本文通过利用某岛礁项目的GPS仪器检测数据,结合精密星历,采用GAMIT软件对数据进行高精度的解算,结合某岛礁项目设计的精度要求,与解算结果对比发现,GAMIT软件的解算结果完全可以达到GPS仪器检测的效果。     

Life Geography from the Child's Point of View

Abstract

A second look is taken at “The Geography of the U.S. in the Year 2,000.” A new interplay is seen of the countervailing pressures to disperse and to agglomerate. Polynucleated urban regions are seen, organized within and around a global poly center. There are certain imperatives: those of demographic cycles and of the economic long wave. These will interact with information-age technologies to change family structures, life styles, and locational preferences. The unexpected also should be expected: “catastrophes” in which existing arrangements are transformed and new structures put into place to replace them. A key to understanding is to continually probe the second derivatives: change in the nature of change.     

1.2m望远镜激光测距系统同步旋转快门的设计与实现

介绍了一种对2台步进电机相互间采取等差角同步旋转的控制方案.根据这个方案设计和制作的机电控制电路实现了同步旋转快门功能,最终的同步精度控制在步进电机的性能1.8度/步的范围内,应用在激光测距系统中起到了安全保护单光子探测器的作用.     

2007年12月至2008年2月T213、ECMWF及日本模式中期预报性能检验

为了解中期数值预报模式性能,提高中期预报水平,针对2007年12月至2008年2月T213模式96小时预报产品进行天气学检验,并与ECMWF、日本模式96小时预报性能进行了对比分析.结果表明,三个模式的96小时预报对亚洲中高纬地区大尺度环流形势演变和重大调整有较强的预报能力,对于转折性天气的预报有较强的指示意义.综合分析来看,ECMWF模式对西风指数、850hPa温度变化、500hPa环流形势及南支槽的预报误差最小,日本模式次之.     

北京地面沉降Js型静力水准自动化监测系统量程调整及修正值添加方法

本文介绍了Js型静力水准自动化监测系统构成。在多年监测的基础上,对该系统在地面沉降监测中量程的调节量、调节方向和调节方法进行了总结,对量程调节后的修正值添加原理、时机选择和方法进行了探讨。     

1：5万激发极化法示范与推广

新疆东天山地区处在成矿有利地带,面积大,地形平坦,交通方便,具有特殊的戈壁荒漠景观和特有的地电结构,适用于大功率的激电设备开展大面积的大极距的激电快速普查工作。通过试验选择了适宜东天山戈壁丘陵地区的中比例尺电法快速普查的方法和关键技术参数,明确了可解决的地质任务,形成了一整套比较系统完整的电法快速普查技术方案。通过总结土屋延东一带、白石湖一带、卡拉先格尔等地多金属成矿带1：5万激发极化法的示范成果,指出了该方法技术上可行,找矿成果明显,对在类似地区开展大比例尺电法普查提供了重要工作依据,在当前技术经济条件下值得在该地区推广使用。     

Quaternary tephra marker beds and their potential for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction on Chatham Island,east of New Zealand,southwest Pacific Ocean

Tephras provide one of the most reliable methods of time control and synchronisation within Quaternary sequences. We report on the identification of two widespread rhyolitic tephras – the Kawakawa and Rangitawa tephras – preserved in extensive peat deposits on Chatham Island ～900 km east of New Zealand. The tephras, both products of supereruptions from the Taupo Volcanic Zone, occur as pale, fine‐ash dominated layers typically 10–150 mm thick. Mineralogically they are dominated by rhyolitic glass, together with subordinate amounts of quartz, feldspar, hypersthene, hornblende, Fe–Ti oxides and zircon. Phlogopite/biotite was identified additionally in Rangitawa Tephra. Ages for each tephra were obtained via mineralogical and major element glass composition‐based correlation with well‐dated equivalent deposits on mainland New Zealand, and we also obtained a new zircon fission‐track age for Rangitawa Tephra (350 ± 50 ka) on Chatham Island. Both tephras were erupted at critical times for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions in the New Zealand region: the Kawakawa at ca. 27 cal. ka, near the beginning of the ‘extended’ LGM early in marine isotope stage (MIS) 2; and the Rangitawa at ca. 350 ka near the end of MIS 10. The time constraints provided by the tephras demonstrate that Chatham Island peats contain long‐distance pollen derived from mainland New Zealand, which provides a reliable proxy for identifying glacial–interglacial climate conditions, in this case during the MIS 11–10 and MIS 2–1 cycles. The two tephras thus provide important chronostratigraphic tie‐points that facilitate correlation and synchronisation not only across the Quaternary deposits of the Chatham Islands group but also with climatically significant terrestrial and marine records in the wider New Zealand region. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Long‐wave radiation and heat flux estimates within a small tributary in Catamaran Brook (New Brunswick,Canada)

River water temperature is an important water quality parameter that also influences most aquatic life. Physical processes influencing water temperature in rivers are highly complex. This is especially true for the estimation of river heat exchange processes that are highly dependent on good estimates of radiation fluxes. Furthermore, very few studies were found within the stream temperature dynamic literature where the different radiation components have been measured and compared at the stream level (at microclimate conditions). Therefore, this study presents results on hydrometeorological conditions for a small tributary within Catamaran Brook (part of the Miramichi River system, New Brunswick, Canada) with the following specific objectives: (1) to compare between stream microclimate and remote meteorological conditions, (2) to compare measured long‐wave radiation data with those calculated from an analytical model, and (3), to calculate the corresponding river heat fluxes. The most salient findings of this study are (1) solar radiation and wind speed are parameters that are highly site specific within the river environment and play an important role in the estimation of river heat fluxes; (2) the incoming, outgoing, and net long‐wave radiation within the stream environment (under the forest canopy) can be effectively calculated using empirical formula; (3) at the study site more than 80% of the incoming long‐wave radiation was coming from the forest; (4) total energy gains were dominated by solar radiation flux (for all the study periods) followed by the net long‐wave radiation (during some periods) whereas energy losses were coming from both the net long‐wave radiation and evaporation. Conductive heat fluxes have a minor contribution from the overall heat budget (<3·5%); (5) the reflected short‐wave radiation at the water surface was calculated on average as 3·2%, which is consistent with literature values. Results of this study contribute towards a better understanding of river heat fluxes and water temperature models as well as for more effective aquatic resources and fisheries management. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

VTI介质中的地层弹性参数反演

在VTI介质中，用非双曲线可以很好地近似P－P波中长排列情况下的旅行时；而对P－SV波来说，应用非双曲线却不能很好地近似P－SV波的施行时。对P－P波、P－SV波的旅行时进行三项泰勒展开时，它们的系数却包含了地震波的各向异性信息及其垂直速度信息，这为地震波的弹性参数反演提供了基础。实验分析表明，在中等排列长度下可以精确地得到了P－P波，P－SV波旅行时的三项泰勒展式系数，从而可以精确地进行地层弹性参数反演。     

山东省飞机增雨降水区分级预报方法研究

利用1997～2000年春秋季山东主要降水天气系统中尺度客观分析和降水模拟资料，统计分析了与降水密切相关的15个因子，并对因子的稳定性进行检验。用全部入选因子的前5个主成分作为新的预报因子，建立全省25个区域0～6h和0～12h平均降水量的3类判别方程，判别效果较好。以此方法为基础建立的决策系统为增雨作业指挥提供了实用性技术工具。