利用CORS的3DSurs系统高精度定位技术研究

针对3DSurs系统在城市空间数据采集与定位过程中利用静态相对定位模式时存在的基准站设置、距离限制等局限性,提出了利用CORS的3DSurs系统高精度定位技术方案。首先,进行流动站(3DSurs)的坐标概略计算;然后,解算流动站的综合误差改正值;最后,进行流动站的精确坐标计算。以青岛CORS为例,分析了3DSurs系统的高精度定位结果。结果表明,基于CORS的3DSurs高精度定位点位精度优于10cm,能够满足城市空间数据采集与定位精度的要求。     

影响北京地区的沙尘暴

利用1971－1996年的地面气象月报和地面天气图资料，借助地理信息系统，逐次分析了影响北京地区沙尘暴天气过程的演变规律，确定了影响北京地区沙尘暴天气过程的移动路径和源地。结果表明：北京地区沙尘暴主要发生在春季和初夏，以4月为最多。根据沙尘暴的起源，可将影响北京的沙尘暴天气过程分为外源型和内源型两类。沙尘暴的移动路径主要包括北路和西路两条。外源型沙尘暴的入侵地点集中在：1）内蒙古乌兰察布盟和锡林郭勒盟西部的二连浩特市、阿巴嘎旗；2）哈密市以东至内蒙古阿拉善盟的中蒙边境。内源型沙尘暴的起源地主要集中在腾格里沙漠及其周边地区。     

Particle–water interactions of 2,2′,5,5′-tetrachlorobiphenyl under simulated estuarine conditions

A batch sorption technique for the determination of particle–water interactions of hydrophobic organic micropollutants under simulated estuarine conditions is described. Results are presented for the behaviour of 2,2′,5,5′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (2,2′,5,5′-TCB) in river and sea waters, both in the presence and absence of estuarine suspended particles. Adsorption onto particles in sea water was enhanced compared with adsorption in river water owing to salting out of the compound, and possibly of the particulate organic matter, in the presence of high concentrations of dissolved ions. The particle–water distribution coefficient, K_D, decreased from about 120×10³ to 10×10³ ml g⁻¹, and from about 150×10³ to 20×10³ ml g⁻¹, in river water and sea water, respectively, over a particle concentration range of 10–1000 mg l⁻¹. Incomplete recovery of compound from the reactor walls is partly responsible for a particle concentration effect, while artefacts relating to inadequate sediment and water phase separation were ruled out following further experiments. The particle concentration effect, which is replicated in many field studies of hydrophobic organic micropollutants, including 2,2′,5,5′-TCB, is incorporated into a simple partitioning model and is discussed in the context of the likely estuarine behaviour of such compounds.     

Historical record of heavy metals in a highly contaminated Mediterranean deposit: The Besòs prodelta

The Besòs prodelta, located around a highly populated area, receives the discharge of the Besòs River, one of the most contaminated rivers discharging into the Mediterranean sea. The record of heavy metals accumulated in this prodelta is studied to assess the sedimentary behaviour and the history of the anthropogenic heavy metals in the area.

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dated sediments have allowed the identification of the sedimentation patterns and the elaboration of dated heavy metals and cenospheres profiles, which reflected the evolution of the anthropogenic impact in this marine environment. Sediments accumulated during the 18th and 19th centuries were already affected by a moderate heavy metal contamination. This contamination increased drastically in the sediments accumulated during the last decades. This data is well correlated with the increase in industrialisation, population and energy consumption in the Besòs drainage basin during the last century.     

AEKF在星敏感器低频误差补偿中的应用

高分辨率对地观测卫星需要精确的姿态信息来满足后续对地定位等工作,因此姿态确定精度十分重要。星敏感器的低频误差是影响卫星姿态确定精度的重要因素之一,主要是由空间周期性的热环境变化引起的。为进一步提高卫星姿态确定精度,对星敏感器的低频误差产生机理即星敏感器主光轴做周期性扰动进行了分析,设计了星敏感器低频误差补偿方案,建立了考虑星敏感器低频误差在内的组合定姿模型,利用拓维卡尔曼滤波(AEKF)对低频误差进行补偿,并引入RTS平滑滤波进一步提高姿态确定精度。仿真实验表明,设计的星敏感器低频误差补偿方案能有效对其进行补偿,提高卫星姿态确定精度。     

海洋重力测量动态环境效应分析与补偿

针对使用小型测量船搭载摆杆型海洋重力仪获取数据质量不高的问题,在深入分析海洋环境动态效应误差特性基础上,提出了一种基于互相关分析的交叉耦合效应修正法,对高动态海洋重力测量数据实施综合误差补偿和精细处理。使用典型恶劣海况条件下的观测数据对该方法的有效性进行了验证,结果显示,重力测线成果内符合精度从原先的±9.35×10-5m/s2大幅提升到±1.43×10-5m/s2,同时使用卫星测高反演重力对精细处理结果的可靠性进行了外部检核,外符合精度也从原先的±7.73×10-5m/s2提高到±5.63×10-5m/s2。     

转塔位置对FPSO水动力性能的影响

转塔位置是内转塔式FPSO设计中的重要参数,对风标效应以及运动和系泊力等有重要影响.采用时域分析方法分别计算了10万吨级FPSO在不同转塔位置时百年一遇风、浪、流海洋环境条件作用下的运动响应和系泊力,分析了不同转塔位置对FPSO水动力性能的影响.计算结果与模型实验进行了比较,结果表明,转塔位置的变化对FPSO风标效应、转塔系泊力等影响显著.分析结果对于选择理想的转塔位置具有一定的实际意义.     

岭澳核电站厂址转移和定位

在广东第二核电站确定在深圳市岭澳地区建设后, 广东省电力设计研究院进一步分析了岭澳地区内各候选地点的特点, 果断地提出厂址由原先推荐的岭澳东移至岭澳西, 并据此完成了项目的可行性研究。实践证明： 厂址转移工作是成功的, 将带来巨大的社会效益。特大型工矿企业的定位是基本建设中的一项战略部署, 本文以岭澳核电站为例, 就厂址转移的原因、工作思路及工作过程作了具体的论述     

Guest editorial

The Jason-1 satellite was launched on 7 December 2001 with the primary objective of continuing the high accuracy time series of altimeter measurements that began with the TOPEX/Poseidon mission in 1992. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to validate the performance of the Jason-1 measurement system, and to verify that its error budget is at least at the same level as that of the TOPEX/Poseidon mission. The article reviews the main components of the Jason-1 altimetric error budget from instrument characterization to the geophysical use of the data. Using the Interim Geophysical Data Records (16DR) that were distributed to the Jason-1 Science Working Team during the verification phase of the mission, it is shown that the Jason-1 mission is performing well enough to continue studies of the large-scale features of the ocean, and especially to continue time series of mean sea-level variations with an accuracy comparable to TOPEX/Poseidon.