地理国情水系要素的自动提取

在地表覆盖水系图斑采集的基础上,利用Rosenfeld细化算法实现地理国情水系要素中心线的自动提取。首先兼顾提取质量确定图像由矢量转换为栅格的最佳像素值,然后根据内存访问效率和图像块大小的关系选择图像分块处理技术。此外,采用图像形态学的膨胀与腐蚀算法、线段长度条件约束和曲线节点抽稀等技术确保中心线提取质量。试验结果表明,本文提出的方法准确、高效,在生产实践中具有一定的应用价值。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Marine Resources of Kuwait: Their Role in the Development of Non-oil Resources . Fatimah H. Y. al -Abdul -Razzak Recollections of a Revolution: Geography as Spatial Science . Mark Billinge , Derek Gregory and Ron Martin Entre l'Eden et l'Utopie . Luc Bureau Developments in Political Geography . M. A. Busteed The Elements of Graphing Data . William S. Cleveland Rural Resource Management . Paul J. Cloke and Chris C. Park Third World Atlas . Ben Crow and Alan Thomas Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation: A Geographic Perspective on Natural Resource Use . Susan L. Cutter , Hilary Lambert Renwick, and William H. Renwick . Wine Regions of the Southern Hemisphere . Harm Jan de Blij Regional Development: Problems and Policies in Eastern and Western Europe . George Demko The Geographer at Work . Peter R. Gould Change in the Amazon Basin . John Hemming Geography Since the Second World War . R. J. Johnston and P. Claval Urbanization in China: Town and Countryside in a Developing Economy 1949–2000 A.D. , R. J. R. Kirkby Transport and Communications for Pacific Microstates: Issues in Organisation and Management . Christopher C. Kissling Fluvial Forms and Processes . David Knighton The Urban Millennium . Josef W. Konvitz Technological Transition in Cartography . Mark Stephen Monmonier Field Guide to Soils and the Environment: Applications of Soil Surveys . Gerald W. Olson Northern Australia: The Arenas of Life and Ecosystems on Half a Continent . Don Parkes A Killing Rain: The Global Threat of Acid Rain . Thomas Pawlick From the Family Farm to Agribusiness: The Irrigation Crusade in California and the West, 1850–1931 . Donald J. Pisani Hybrid Maize Diffusion in Kenya . Franz -Michael Rundquist Warning and Response to the Mount St. Helens Eruption . Thomas F. Saarinen and James L. Sell Coastal Geomorphology in Australia . B. G. Thom Tropical Rain Forests of the Far East , 2nd ed . T. C. Whitmore The Dark Side of the Earth . Robert Muir Wood Categorical Data Analysis for Geographers and Environmental Scientists , Neil Wrigley     

不同图式间CASS地形图自动缩编的实现

应用AutoLISP对CASS软件进行二次开发,就实现采用不同图式的地形图从大比例尺到中小比例尺的自动缩编进行了阐述.通过AutoLISP的分类选取功能对地形图分别进行选择,再依据CASS软件对不同符号的编码进行符号转换,实现地形图的比例尺变换功能.     

GPS控制网图形应用程序的类设计

根据对基线数据的特点分析,运用面向对象的编程方法,对GPS控制网图形应用程序进行了类设计,包括类层次划分、各类的数据成员及其函数的设计。基于类开发的GPS控制网图形应用程序,实现了对基线数据及其操作的封装,有利于程序对基线数据的处理。同时,利用父类与子类间数据成员、成员函数的继承关系,可以优化GPS控制网图形应用程序的整体设计。     

固定铝log(Q/K)图解在温泉中的应用

为探讨常规和固定铝log(Q/K)图解法对温泉系统是否有效 ,采用WATCH程序 ,对江西 3个温度较高的温泉 ,即庐山温泉、汤湖温泉和横泾温泉 ,进行了探测性的研究 .采用常规log(Q/K)图解法计算时 ,由于参加计算的 4个水样的铝含量均未检出 ,计算结果显示只有不含铝的矿物玉髓和方解石相交于温度 1 0 0℃附近 ,热储总体上没有达到平衡 .在采用了固定铝log(Q/K)图解法并同时考虑冷水的稀释作用计算后 ,中低温地热系统中常见的蚀变矿物如浊沸石、纤蛇纹石、萤石和玉髓均显示了较好的收敛性 ,收敛的温度大致在 1 0 0～ 1 4 0℃ .并且上述矿物组合可见于某些温泉的深部钻孔中 ,计算结果与实际地质情况相吻合 .结果表明固定铝log(Q/K)图解法可以恢复温泉系统的热平衡状态     

图割能量驱动的高分辨率遥感影像震害损毁建筑物检测

为充分利用高分辨率遥感影像提供的细节信息,提高震害损毁建筑物检测精度,提出了一种图割框架下融合形状、边缘、角点等多种类型特征的损毁建筑物检测方法。该方法首先利用震前建筑物线划图提取包含单个建筑物的局部影像,用于图割能量函数建模,并分别根据建筑物的位置、形状、边缘以及角点构造能量函数的各约束项。在此基础上,通过最大流/最小割算法求解能量函数最小值,依据最小割能量进行地震前后局部影像中建筑物的相似性度量。最后利用最大期望算法(expectation maximization,EM)求得最小割能量的分类阈值,并根据错分率估值执行后处理以获得最终变化检测结果。采用2011年3月11日东日本大地震前后石卷港的高分辨率遥感影像进行试验,结果表明本文提出的方法能有效检测出损毁建筑物。     

井孔综合成果表自动制作系统

简要介绍了井孔综合成果表自动制作系统－ＷＧＳ的总体设计情况,阐述了ＷＧＳ的结构、功能与特色,并给出了该系统在南通市井孔资料卡片管理上的一个应用实例。该系统采用矢量汉字技术,支持ＤＸＦ和ＰＬＴ两种图形文件存贮格式,支持多种类型打印机,并具有自动选择绘图比例、容错能力强,对硬件和软件要求低等优良性能,是一个专业性、实用性较强的绘图软件。     

污水可生化性及其影响因素研究

以自行设计的生化呼吸线测定装置研究了印染污水的可生化性,该装置通过反应体系的溶解氧浓度跟踪生物降解过程.采用本文设计的模拟污水处理装置探讨了污泥驯化时间、污水投加量等对污水可生化性的影响.测定了污水经可生化性调控后的处理效果.结果表明,生化呼吸线法判断污水处理体系的可生化性是1种可靠易行的方法,提高体系的可生化性是增加污水处理效果的关键因素.     

Seismic reliability assessment of urban water networks

We present a framework for the seismic risk assessment of water supply networks, operating in either normal or abnormal conditions. We propose a methodology for assessing the reliability of water pipe networks combining data of past non‐seismic damage and the vulnerability of the network components against seismic loading. Historical data are obtained using records of damages that occur on a daily basis throughout the network and are processed to produce‘survival curves’, depicting their estimated survival rate over time. The fragility of the network components is assessed using the approach suggested in the American Lifelines Alliance guidelines. The network reliability is assessed using graph theory, whereas the system network reliability is calculated using Monte Carlo simulation. The methodology proposed is demonstrated both on a simple, small‐scale, network and also on a real‐scale district metered area from the water network of the city of Limassol, Cyprus. The proposed approach allows the estimation of the probability that the network fails to provide the desired level of service and allows the prioritization of retrofit interventions and of capacity‐upgrade actions pertaining to existing water pipe networks. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Morphological analysis and recognition of scanned raster nautical chart

In current practice in the development of hydrographic information systems, the automatic acquisition of spatial data has been considered to be very difficult. One of the key problems is recognition and correct separation of a feature from a complex graphic background. For these problems, this article presents a new concept of graph subsets to describe graph structures and composition rules of symbols in nautical charts. Based on this concept, morphological methods and operations in graph theory are unified into a coherent mathematical framework specially designed for analysis and recognition of binary chart images. In particular, an experimental system composed of feature extraction, symbol recognition, geometric reasoning, and intelligent control is developed for automatic digitization of nautical charts.