全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5863篇 |
免费 | 796篇 |
国内免费 | 825篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 1366篇 |
大气科学 | 1028篇 |
地球物理 | 1472篇 |
地质学 | 1604篇 |
海洋学 | 597篇 |
天文学 | 47篇 |
综合类 | 514篇 |
自然地理 | 856篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 18篇 |
2023年 | 50篇 |
2022年 | 128篇 |
2021年 | 177篇 |
2020年 | 213篇 |
2019年 | 277篇 |
2018年 | 234篇 |
2017年 | 293篇 |
2016年 | 271篇 |
2015年 | 273篇 |
2014年 | 339篇 |
2013年 | 453篇 |
2012年 | 384篇 |
2011年 | 371篇 |
2010年 | 305篇 |
2009年 | 334篇 |
2008年 | 335篇 |
2007年 | 355篇 |
2006年 | 322篇 |
2005年 | 313篇 |
2004年 | 269篇 |
2003年 | 243篇 |
2002年 | 172篇 |
2001年 | 145篇 |
2000年 | 166篇 |
1999年 | 143篇 |
1998年 | 142篇 |
1997年 | 128篇 |
1996年 | 115篇 |
1995年 | 86篇 |
1994年 | 60篇 |
1993年 | 69篇 |
1992年 | 39篇 |
1991年 | 46篇 |
1990年 | 31篇 |
1989年 | 32篇 |
1988年 | 28篇 |
1987年 | 26篇 |
1986年 | 23篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 5篇 |
1971年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有7484条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
41.
42.
A Reconstruction of Observed Profiles in the Sea East of Japan Using Vertical Coupled Temperature-Salinity EOF Modes 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
It is important to estimate hard-to-observe parameters in the ocean interior from easy-to-observe parameters. This study therefore
demostrates a reconstruction of observed temperature and salinity profiles of the sea east of Japan (30°≈40°N, 140°≈150°E).
The reconstruction was done by estimating suboptimal state from several values of the observed profiles and/or sea surface
dynamic height (SDH) calculated from the profiles. The estimation used a variational method with vertical coupled temperature-salinity
empirical orthogonal function (EOF) modes. Profiles of temperature and salinity in the subtropical region are effectively
reconstructed from in situ temperature profile data, or sea surface temperature (SST) and SDH. For example, the analyzed temperature field from SST
and SDH has an accuracy to within 1°C in the subtropical region. Salinity in the sea north of Kuroshio, however, is difficult
to estimate because of its complex variability which is less correlated with temperature than in the subtropical region. Sea
surface salinity is useful to estimate the subsurface structure. We also show the possibility that the estimation is improved
by considering nonlinearity in the equation calculating SDH from temperature and salinity analysis values in order to examine
the misfit between analysis and observation. Analysis using TOPEX/POSEIDON altimetry data instead of SDH was also performed.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
43.
Sylvie Labroue Philippe Gaspar Joel Dorandeu Oz Zanif F. Mertz Patrick Vincent Denis Choquet 《Marine Geodesy》2004,27(3):453-481
The Jason-1 sea state bias (SSB) is analyzed in depth from the first year of GDR products. Compared to previous missions, this work benefits from two aspects of the empirical determination of the SSB from the altimetric data themselves. First, from a methodological point of view, a nonparametric technique (NP) has been developed and largely tested on TOPEX/Poseidon 1, GFO and Envisat data. The NP estimator has proven to be a useful tool in the SSB estimation, and it is now mature enough to be used for a refined analysis. On the other hand, the SSB can be extracted from three different data sets (crossovers, collinear data, and residuals) with different characteristics. It is then possible to cross calibrate various estimations of the SSB models and to determine the most accurate one. A systematic comparison is made between these different estimates for the Jason-1 altimeter. The collinear and crossover data sets yield very similar estimates despite their difference of spatial and temporal distributions. These SSB models assure consistency with the TOPEX mission when comparing Jason-1 and TOPEX residuals during the tandem phase. Thanks to the present work, the impact of the short wavelengths filtering on the SSB estimation is evidenced. More generally, our understanding of potential errors affecting the sea surface height and their impact onto the SSB estimation is also improved. 相似文献
44.
State Estimation of the North Pacific Ocean by a Four-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation Experiment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Toshiyuki Awaji Shuhei Masuda Yoichi Ishikawa Nozomi Sugiura Takahiro Toyoda Tomohiro Nakamura 《Journal of Oceanography》2003,59(6):931-943
A four-dimensional variational data assimilation system has been applied to an experiment to describe the dynamic state of
the North Pacific Ocean. A synthesis of available observational records and a sophisticated ocean general circulation model
produces a dynamically consistent dataset, which, in contrast to the nudging approach, provides realistic features of the
seasonally-varying ocean circulation with no artificial sources/sinks for temperature and salinity fields. This new dataset
enables us to estimate heat and water mass transports in addition to the qualification of water mass formation and movement
processes. A sensitivity experiment on our assimilation system reveals that the origin of the North Pacific Intermediate Water
can be traced back to the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea in the subarctic region and to the subtropical Kuroshio region
further south. These results demonstrate that our data assimilation system is a very powerful tool for the identification
and characterization of ocean variabilities and for our understanding of the dynamic state of ocean circulation.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
45.
针对具有外部持续扰动的线性系统,研究前馈-反馈最优控制律的设计问题。给出了最优控制律的存在唯一性条件。并提出了最优控制律的设计算法。利用滤波器解决了前馈控制的物理不可实现问题。仿真结果表明,此算法易于实现,与传统的反馈最优控制相比对抑制外部扰动具有较强的鲁棒性。 相似文献
46.
用矩阵方法,求解McCreary和Fickian铅垂向湍扩散形式下,无界海洋条件时在风应力和深层浮力作用下的线性解。得出不同的湍扩散系数A情况下McCreary与Fickian湍扩散形式的流场结构。指出随湍扩散系数的增加,McCreary和Fickian湍扩散形式下u分量结构及其量值差异增大。在Fickian湍扩散形式下,能量穿越密度跃层的传递能力较强。当A=0.1cm~2s~(-3)时,在风应力和深层浮力作用下两种湍扩散形式造成流场的差异很小。提出在小湍扩散系数下,用McCreary湍扩散形式研究热带海洋环流,其结果和Fickian形式应相当一致。 相似文献
47.
48.
49.
50.
辽东湾北部海域营养状况与趋势评价 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
根据 1999-2006 年 6-8 月的调查数据,分析辽东湾北部海域的营养水平及变化趋势,以了解辽东湾北部海域营养水平的分布特点及污染状况.由 E 值和 CN/CP 值的总体评价结果来看,辽河口、双台子河口和大凌河口海域的富营养化程度较高,属于磷中等限制潜在性富营养区,而锦州湾海域污染相对较轻,属于中度营养区;在时空分布上,辽东湾北部海域 1999 年与 2006 年污染较为严重,中间年份污染相对较轻.针对辽东湾的具体环境用 CN/CP 值的评价模式更能揭示出营养盐限制对富营养化的影响. 相似文献