Study of charge structure and radiation characteristic of intracloud discharge in thunderstorms of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The comprehensive observations on lightning discharges were conducted in Naqu area of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in summer of 2002. The electric structures of thunderstorms and the characteristics of lightning discharges at initial stage were analyzed by using the observation data. The results show that most of intracloud (IC) lightning flashes were polarities inverted in thunderstorms with tripole electric charge structure and occurred between negative charge region located in the middle of the thunderstorm and positive charge region located at the bottom of the thunderstorm. The radiation characteristics of discharge processes in cloud with longer lasting time involved in Cloud-to-Ground (CG) lightning flashes were similar to that of IC discharges.A lot of radiation pulses were produced in these discharge processes. Because the IC discharges took place at the bottom of thundercloud and were near the ground, they may produce more serious damage to equipment on the ground therefore should not be neglected in lightning protection.     

雷电监测预警系统的原理及应用

本文讨论了有关雷电的基本知识，列举了目前存在的各种雷电定位方法，分析了雷电定位的几个过程。对近期引进VAISALA公司的SAFIR3000型雷电监测预警系统采用的探测原理做了分析，并总结了这套探测系统采用的VHF干涉测量原理特点及不足之处。     

一次龙卷过程的多普勒天气雷达和闪电定位资料分析

利用WSR-98D多普勒天气雷达和闪电定位资料分析了2003年7月8日发生在安徽省无为县境内的一次龙卷过程。此次龙卷产生于低空急流左侧，动力、热力条件均为较有利的大尺度环境，多普勒雷达回波分析发现，龙卷起源于中高层向低层发展的中-γ尺度气旋中。闪电定位资料分析表明，龙卷发生前10min闪电活动开始频繁。龙卷出现后负地闪明显加大，且龙卷闪电存在于雷暴的发展后期、成熟和消亡阶段。此次龙卷的一些基本特征与通常结论有所不同，(1)雷达反射率因子小于通常结论；(2)龙卷风暴发展高度不是很高，回波顶高仅6～9km，类似于普通雷暴；(3)闪电活动中以负地闪为主，正地闪较少，并未出现正地闪一度占主导地位的现象。     

基于电场理论的主动防雷系统的初步设想

针对目前使用的传统雷电防护技术存在的问题，通过分析雷电原理和雷电触发机制，利用电场理论来设计一套主动防雷系统，即实现保护对象所在空间大气处于被激放电状态，并利用闪电将大气激活为自激放电状态。介绍了主动防雷系统的原理，并对其核心的“引而不发”理论进行阐述，在此基础上设计出主动防雷系统的模型。具体说明了构成主动防雷系统的阻塞系统、疏导系统和电源系统的构造和特征以及它们之间的关系。计算得到主动防雷系统所需的电场强度E=0．69kV／m。最后指出了存在问题与发展方向，在结论中总结了主动防雷系统的特点及其关键。     

浅谈计算机信息系统的雷电防护

通过对计算机信息系统的检测及其避雷装置的安装实践,总结了一些操作要领和技巧,并结合工作中的体会对新的防雷技术进行了探讨。     

曲线铁路路基下沉病害检测与分析

以阐明曲线铁路路基下沉病害检测、基床强度评估和病害成因分析方法为目标，采用轻便动力触探试验和土工试验方法对沪宁线下行k55 450-k55 500曲线路基下沉病害段进行了试验测试，根据轻便动力触探和土工试验结果，计算出曲线路基基床承载力，与曲线线路路基中总应力进行比较，评估了基床强度状况，分析出该段曲线铁路路基病害产生的成因。     

沸石在水环境治理中的应用现状与前景

文章叙述了沸石的基本结构以及吸附、离子交换特性，总结了近年来国内外有关沸石在水环境保护方面的研究与应用成果，提出了沸石在今后的水环境保护和改善方面将具有广泛的应用前景。     

鄱阳湖区平垸行洪、退田还湖后的防洪减灾形势分析

根据鄱阳湖区“退田还湖”的实际资料，采用洪水模拟的方法分析计算出“退田还湖”降低湖口站洪水位和减少1954年洪水超额分洪量，分析了“退田还湖”后鄱阳湖区的防洪减灾形势，提出应继续加强对鄱阳湖区防洪工程的建设，探讨了“退田还湖”后江湖洪水关系的变化趋势。     

华南地区崩岗侵蚀灾害及其防治

根据区域调查和定位研究资料,介绍了华南地区崩岗侵蚀及其灾害特点,概述了崩岗的形成、发育规律及其演变过程,分析了崩岗侵蚀及其灾害的影响因素。提出进行崩岗灾害防治时,应在水土保持传统方法基础上,整合水文地质学和工程地质学及其它相关学科理论,应用GIS技术对崩岗侵蚀进行科学监测和管理,为坡地利用和环境整治以及灾害防治提供依据。     

Mountain Protection Forests against Natural Hazards and Risks: New French Developments by Integrating Forests in Risk Zoning

Forests can play a very significant role in protection against natural hazards and risks in mountain lands, especially against erosion and rockfalls. This paper first assesses knowledge concerning the capacity of forests to control natural hazards, with emphasis placed on forest location in catchments or slopes. Zoning aspects are then presented; based on the use of GIS, they allow determining priorities for forestry operations (cuts and biological engineering), in view to setting up an 'optimal management' of mountain forest ecosystems. Finally, an explanation is given of how the results of research are used for the management and planning of mountain ecosystems, illustrated by an example of researcher-practitioner transfer in France. Zoning, prevention, display and regular aspects are developed. On the basis of the experience and knowledge presented here, recommendations are proposed to better take into account the role of mountain forests in the control of natural hazards and risks. It is necessary to have an adapted legislative and economic framework, define priority forest intervention zones and determine an adapted sylviculture.