基于夜间灯光数据的黄河流域经济发展空间特征与影响机制分析

黄河流域作为中国重要经济地带和生态屏障,在全国经济社会发展格局中具有重要地位。探索黄河流域经济发展的空间特征与影响因素,对区域协调高质量发展具有重要意义。基于2013—2018年的NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光数据,采用经济重心、标准差椭圆、空间自相关和地理加权回归方法,对黄河流域市域经济发展的空间特征以及影响因素进行分析。结果表明：（1）2013—2018年黄河流域市域经济发展水平呈现一定的倒金字塔形结构特征以及下游>中游>上游板块递减特征;（2）经济发展重心位于陕西延安市,演变轨迹总体上朝着东南方向移动。标准差椭圆长轴有所增加,短轴则有所减少,椭圆方向与黄河流向大致相同;（3）黄河流域市域经济发展整体上不具有空间依赖性与溢出效应,高高（HH）集聚区集中于银川、咸阳、东营等地,黄河上游大部分地区以及一些省际交界区长期处于低低（LL）集聚区,低高（LH）集聚区大都位于省会城市或省域次中心城市附近,相应省会城市除银川外均处于HL聚集区;（4）从内外部影响机制来看,城镇化、产业结构、科技水平、交通条件均对黄河流域经济发展发挥着积极作用,而自然地理条件则产生了明显的地理环境约束作用。     

负地闪不规则脉冲簇事件的宽带干涉仪三维观测

利用宽带干涉仪的三维观测数据,对发生在负地闪继后回击前的不规则脉冲簇事件CPT进行了研究.首先对CPT事件快电场时域波形特征进行了分析,然后,研究了CPT事件的辐射源时空发展特征,并对这些CPT事件、梯级先导和直窜先导在30～290 MHz频段辐射信号的功率谱密度进行了对比分析.结果表明,10次CPT事件的快电场脉冲间隔平均值和标准差分别为5.3～9.0μs和2.7～4.9 μs.CPT事件的击穿过程为负极性击穿,其发展特征与直窜先导或企图先导没有明显区别.10次CPT辐射源发展速度的统计结果表明,平均发展速度在3.23×106～1.93×107 m·s-1之间,平均值为1.02×107 m·s-1,与企图先导或直窜先导的速度统计结果相当.10次CPT事件在30～290 MHz频段的功率谱密度平均值分别比同次地闪中的梯级先导和直窜先导强1.8～11.6 dB和2.4～12 dB.     

长跨度桥梁防雷检测技术探讨

从直击雷、侧击雷防护和防雷击电磁脉冲三个方面对长跨度桥梁防雷检测内容、项目进行探讨,提出长跨度桥梁防雷检测应注意的一些问题。     

利用AutoCAD几何求解3支不等高避雷针保护范围

建筑物防直击雷设计中,通常采用多支避雷针形成联合保护,多支不规则不等高避雷针的内部保护范围需要将避雷针分为3支一组,采用求解三元二次方程组的复杂方法,手算工作量大、效率低,编程实现也有相当的难度。利用AutoCAD带有的向量计算和坐标变换功能,巧妙利用几何方法解析出3支不等高避雷针内部的保护范围。     

The Present Status and Prospect of Earthquake Focal Depth Locating

Locating an earthquakes focal depth is always a key project in seismology. Precise focal depth is of critical importance for evaluating seismic hazards, deciphering dynamic mechanisms of earthquake generating,estimating aftershock evolutions and risk,as well as monitoring nuclear tests. However,how we determine an accurate focal depth is always a challenge in seismological studies. Aiming to solve these problems, we analyzed and summarized the present status and the future development of earthquake focal depth locating. In this paper we first reviewed the present status of focal depth locating in the world,and summarized the frequently-used relocating methods and ideas at present,and introduced two types of focal depth relocating ideas: arrival time relocating and waveform modeling methods. For these ideas,we systematically described the S-P and the Pn-Pg methods that belong to arrival time method,and polarization focal depth locating and amplitude focal depth locating that belongs to waveform modeling,and further analyzed the advantages and limitations of these methods. Since the depth phase methods are highly sensitive to focal depth,and are relatively free from the uncertainties of crustal models,we mainly reviewed the depth phases of s Pm P,s PL,s Pn,and s Sn,and quantitatively evaluated their availabilities and characteristics. Second,we also discussed the effects of crustal velocity models on the reliability of focal depth locating,and reviewed the advancements of seismic tomography techniques over recent years. Finally,based on the present status of the progress on the focal depth locating,and studies of seismic velocity structures,we proposed an idea of combining multiple datasets and relocating methods,jointly utilizing seismologic and geodetic techniques to relocate focal depth,which should be the major research field in investigating focal depth and source parameters in the near future.     

近场精确定位在卢龙MemLsub6.2地震发震构造研究中的应用

从1982年10月19日卢龙6.2级地震余震近场数字地震资料的391条记录中， 挑选出可用于精确定位的171条地震事件记录，采用Hypoinverse定位方法对45个事件进行了重定位. 精确定位的震中分布显示出一卧倒的反ldquo;Frdquo;形活动地震构造的形态， 两条NNE向断裂被一条WNW向断裂所截断，两组断裂呈脆性断裂常见的共轭状态产出， NNE向的断层正在相互贯通，卢龙附近的滦河河谷发育成了四面断裂包围的断陷盆地雏形. 卢龙地震的发震构造是一个走滑兼张性的断裂组合， 这样的构造与张家口——渤海地震带的整体活动习性相符， 也反映了张渤带作为一个二级地块的分界截断NNE向的一系列断层所起的作用.      

Spatial-temporal characteristics and decoupling effects of China’s carbon footprint based on multi-source data

In 2007, China surpassed the USA to become the largest carbon emitter in the world. China has promised a 60%–65% reduction in carbon emissions per unit GDP by 2030, compared to the baseline of 2005. Therefore, it is important to obtain accurate dynamic information on the spatial and temporal patterns of carbon emissions and carbon footprints to support formulating effective national carbon emission reduction policies. This study attempts to build a carbon emission panel data model that simulates carbon emissions in China from 2000–2013 using nighttime lighting data and carbon emission statistics data. By applying the Exploratory Spatial-Temporal Data Analysis(ESTDA) framework, this study conducted an analysis on the spatial patterns and dynamic spatial-temporal interactions of carbon footprints from 2001–2013. The improved Tapio decoupling model was adopted to investigate the levels of coupling or decoupling between the carbon emission load and economic growth in 336 prefecture-level units. The results show that, firstly, high accuracy was achieved by the model in simulating carbon emissions. Secondly, the total carbon footprints and carbon deficits across China increased with average annual growth rates of 4.82% and 5.72%, respectively. The overall carbon footprints and carbon deficits were larger in the North than that in the South. There were extremely significant spatial autocorrelation features in the carbon footprints of prefecture-level units. Thirdly, the relative lengths of the Local Indicators of Spatial Association(LISA) time paths were longer in the North than that in the South, and they increased from the coastal to the central and western regions. Lastly, the overall decoupling index was mainly a weak decoupling type, but the number of cities with this weak decoupling continued to decrease. The unsustainable development trend of China's economic growth and carbon emission load will continue for some time.     

揭阳市雷电闪电密度地理分布特征分析

;利用闪电定位资料和气象台站记录的雷暴日资料,对揭阳市闪电密度地理特征进行了分析.研究表明,揭阳市的雷暴频繁高发期主要集中在5～9月,7、8月份尤其显著;闪电密度较大的地区主要在普宁市洪阳地区、大砰地区、揭东县五房地区和揭西县大北山地区,揭阳市区主要在渔湖半岛和仙桥紫峰山区,惠来县闪电密度相对较小,不过雷电流强度较大;雷电流强度大部分在60KA以下.闪电的分布规律与当地环境有很大的关系.     

陕西凤太矿集区铅锌矿的矿体定位规律研究

文章从凤太矿集区铅锌矿床分布特征、地层岩性和构造对成矿的控制、矿体的空间产出特征等方面入手,运用定性和定量方法对凤太矿集区铅锌矿的矿体定位规律进行了系统研究.区内铅锌矿的形成明显受控于地层、岩性、同生断裂、同沉积背斜等致矿地质因素,矿体赋存于特定的地层-岩性-构造组合,空间展布具有规律性侧伏.