Night-to-night changes in the characteristics of gravity waves at stratospheric and lower-mesospheric heights

Observations made with the co-located Rayleigh lidar and MST radar systems at Aberystwyth (52.4°N, 4.1°W) in Wales and radiosondes from Valentia (51.9°N, 10.2°W) in Eire are used to investigate the changes in the vertical propagation of gravity waves during periods of 4 days in June 1995 and February 1993. In each month, the lidar observations show that the wave activity in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere changes between two pairs of days. The radar and radiosonde measurements indicate that mountain waves make no contribution to the changes in intensity. Instead, the changes seem to arise largely from the presence or absence of long-period waves with vertical wavelengths near 8 and 10 km in June and February, respectively. The influence of such waves on the vertical wavenumber spectra is examined and related to the evidence for convective instabilities provided by the temperature profiles.     

Relict Shorelines and Ice Flow Patterns of the Northern Puget Lowland From Lidar Data and Digital Terrain Modelling

Airborne lidar data from the northern Puget Lowland provide information on the spatial variability and amplitude of raised postglacial shorelines, marine deltaic features and glaciomarine sediments deposited between approximately c. 12 920 and 11 050 ¹⁴C yr BP (15 960‐12 364 cal yr BP). Relict shorelines preserved in embayments on Whidbey and Camano islands (between 47°54′N and 48°24′N) are found up to an altitude of c. 90 m and record glacio‐isostatic movements attributed to postglacial rebound. The tilt of the regional minimum highstand sea level surface to the north of 0.80 m km^?1, with local variability from 0.25 m km^?1 to 0.77 m km^?1, is consistent with previous studies (Thorson 1989; Dethier et al. 1995). The local variability is related to the uncertainty in the depth of the water column above these features at the time of deposition and probable tectonic deformation. The information generated by these lidar data is most valuable in posing new research questions, generating alternative research hypotheses to those already formulated in the northern Puget Lowland.     

DUAL-DIAL:A PAIR OF WAVELENGTHS FOR HIGH PRECISE MEASUREMENTS OF OZONE

In this paper the effects of aerosol on tropospheric ozone measurements by three-wavelength(266-289-308nm) dual differential absorption lidar (DIAL) and two-wavelength (266-289 nmand 266-308 nm) DIAL are simulated.By using the two kinds of DIAL.vertical profiles of ozonedensity from 2 to 3.6 km altitude range are measured.Both simulation and observation resultsshow that the three-wavelength dual-DIAL method is more effective to reduce the effects of aerosolthan the two-wavelength DIAL method.Therefore,accurate ozone density distributions can beretrieved by the three wavelength dual DIAL method.     

激光雷达和探空反演的混合层高度对比分析

本文利用2016年12月至2017年11月期间晴朗少云天气下的成都微脉冲激光雷达观测数据反演的混合层高度,与温江探空资料确定的混合层高度进行了对比和误差分析,结果表明:基于探空资料和激光雷达数据反演的混合层高度具有较好的一致性,两者相关系数达0.75,激光雷达反演的混合层高度略低于基于探空资料确定的值,在混合层高度为1000～2000m时,两种方法计算所得的值偏差幅度最小,约为20%;在1000m以内和2000m以上,偏差幅度略有增大,为26%;两种方法反演的混合层高度变化趋势较为一致,均呈现出12月、1月较低,4月、5月较高的特点;混合层高度具有明显的日变化特征:上午混合层高度迅速增高,午后增长速度减慢并发展到最大高度,日落后迅速降低;混合层内相对湿度的增加、残留层的存在是导致激光雷达反演混合层高度时产生较大误差的原因之一。     

合成孔径技术在光学领域的应用

介绍了合成孔径技术的发展及其基本原理,对国外合成孔径激光雷达的发展进行了综述,最后对合成孔径激光雷达的优势进行了分析.     

A vertical sounding of severe haze process in Guangzhou area

We detected a severe haze process in Guangzhou area with lidar and microwave radiometer, performed an inversion to get boundary layer height by wavelet covariance transform, and analyzed the correlation between meteorological factors of boundary layer and visibility from the perspective of dynamical and thermodynamic structures. Our results indicate that the boundary layer height shows significant daily changes, consistent with ground visibility variation. During the cleaning process, the boundary layer height exceeded 1 km; during severe haze, the height was only 500 m. Temperature gradient of 50–100 m, which was 30 h lag, was remarkably correlated with visibility, with the correlation coefficient of 0.77. High layer visibility(255 m) and low layer stability were significantly anticorrelation, and the maximum anticorrelation coefficient was up to-0.76 in cleaning days and-0.49 in haze days. In the related boundary layer meteorological factors, surface ventilation coefficient was linearly correlated with ground visibility, with the greatest correlation coefficient of 0.88. The correlation coefficients of boundary layer height, ground wind velocity, relative humidity and ground visibility were 0.76, 0.67, and-0.77, respectively. There was a strong correlation between different meteorological factors. The dominant meteorological factor during this haze process was surface ventilation coefficient. In the area without boundary layer height sounding, ground visibility and wind velocity could be used to estimate boundary layer height.     

Stable-boundary-layer regimes from the perspective of the low-level jet

This paper reviews results from two field studies of the nocturnal stable atmospheric boundary layer (SBL) over the Great Plains of the United States. Data from a scanning remote-sensing system, a High-Resolution Doppler Lidar (HRDL), provided measurements of mean and turbulent wind components at high spatial and temporal resolution through the lowest 500–1000 m of the atmosphere. This data set has allowed the characteristics of the low-level jet (LLJ) maximum (speed, height, direction) to be documented through entire nights. LLJs form after sunset and produce strong shear in the layer below the LLJ maximum or nose, which is a source of turbulence and mixing in the SBL. Simultaneous HRDL measurements of turbulence quantities related to turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) has allowed the turbulence in the subjet layer to be related to LLJ properties. Turbulence structure was found to be a function of the bulk stability of the subjet layer. For the strong-LLJ (> 15 m s⁻¹), weakly stable cases the strength of the turbulence is proportional to the strength of the LLJ. For these cases with nearly continuous turbulence in the subjet layer, low-level jet scaling, in which lengths are scaled by the LLJ height and velocity variables are scaled by the LLJ speed, was found to be appropriate. For the weak-wind (< 5 m s⁻¹ in the lowest 200 m), very stable boundary layer (vSBL), the boundary layer was found to be very shallow (sometimes < 10 m deep), and turbulent fluxes between the earth’s surface and the atmosphere were found to be essentially shut down. For more intermediate wind speeds and stabilities, the SBL shows varying degrees of intermittency due to various mechanisms, including shearinstability and other gravity waves, density currents, and other mesoscale disturbances.     

机载激光雷达技术在长江三峡工程库区滑坡灾害调查和监测中的应用研究

机载激光雷达技术是一种利用激光对地表三维坐标精确信息进行采集的新型遥感技术。本文以长江三峡工程库区滑坡灾害调查和监测应用为主要研究目标,通过对试验区的机载激光雷达数据的获取和处理,得到了精度很高的机载激光雷达DEM产品,并从定性和定量两个方面进行了机载激光雷达技术滑坡调查和动态监测应用试验。研究表明机载激光雷达山体阴影图能够直观表达微地貌形态;机载激光雷达坡度和地表粗糙度图像能够提供精确的微地貌特征量;利用多期机载激光雷达数据进行滑坡动态监测,可以掌握一定时间段内滑坡体的变形趋势和特征,并精确测算变形量。     

车载激光扫描数据控制点布设方案研究

该文以提高车载激光扫描数据高程精度为出发点,分析了扫描数据的误差来源。该文提出多种控制点布设方案,以京沪高速部分路段激光扫描数据为例,统计并分析各个控制点布设方案改正结果,为以后车载激光数据外业控制点布设提供参考。     

大气中水汽混合比的Raman激光雷达探测

介绍了作者自行研制的L625Raman激光雷达系统的结构和主要技术参数,叙述了Raman激光雷达探测水汽混合比的基本原理和数据处理方法。使用这台激光雷达在合肥地区进行了水汽混合比垂直分布的探测,对获得的水汽混合比垂直廓线进行了初步的分析和研究。最后就L625Raman激光雷达探测水汽混合比的误差进行了分析和讨论。